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Rizki Reza Satria; Deden Mulyana; Asep Yusup Hanapiah

Jurnal Manajemen dan Ekonomi Bisnis 2024 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

This study aims to examine the effect of leadership style, compensation and work environment on performance with motivation as an intervening variable. The study was conducted on employees at the Branch Collection Unit & Recovery Asset Sales of PT Bank Tabungan Negara, West Java Regional Office. Sampling was carried out using saturated sampling technique, with a total sample size of 123 samples, which were spread across 10 offices of PT. Bank Tabungan Negara, West Java Regional Office. The research instrument used was a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The analysis technique used structural equation modeling with the smartPLS application. The results of this study indicate that, leadership style, compensation, work environment, motivation and performance, in very good condition. Leadership style, compensation and work environment have a positive and significant effect on motivation. Leadership style, compensation and work environment have a positive and significant effect on performance. Motivation has a positive and significant effect on performance. Leadership style, compensation and work environment affect performance with motivation as an intervening variable.  

Ristasari Ristasari; Maulana Maulana; Alamsyah Alamsyah

Birokrasi: JURNAL ILMU HUKUM DAN TATA NEGARA 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi (STIA) Yappi Makassar

Ritasari. This study aims to analyze the leadership style of the village head in increasing the work motivation of the village head in Tuan Kentang Village. The study used qualitative methods with data collection, namely observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the leadership style of the village head of Tuan Kentang village had no signs that indicated an authoritarian leadership style, because in this case the employee was given the freedom to work even though he still had to comply with the main tasks and functions, on the other hand the Lurah was also a leader capable of employee morale. to work. The leadership style of Tuan Kentang Village also includes a delegative leadership style that is able to delegate work and is authorized in accordance with the main tasks and functions. The leadership style of Kelurahan Kentang, which is more participatory, makes employees feel happy to work better, one of which shows that Kelurahan Kentang uses a participatory leadership style, namely discussions, exchanging ideas and meetings held before the activity. Supporting factors in terms of coordination between superiors and staff and related institutions are very good and run as expected, this can be seen from meeting activities. In addition, the village head of Tuan Kentang as a leader is able to set an example and motivate employees to improve their performance for the better. The inhibiting factor for the Lurah's leadership style in motivating employees in Tuan Kentang Village is the lack of performance supporting facilities and infrastructure, namely the work room and service room that is not so, and less supported, such as computers and printers to support administrative services. In principle, the existence of complete facilities and infrastructure can increase employee work motivation for the better.

Muhammad Badri Annury; Syahrum Agung; Widhi Ariyo Bimo

Gemawisata: Jurnal Ilmiah Pariwisata 2024 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pariwisata Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of leadership and work motivation on employee performance at PT. Muhyi Bazana Putra with a sample of 53 respondents. The method used is a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaire research instruments to employees which are processed using a computer application. This study was conducted at PT. Muhyi Bazana Putra. The variables of leadership (X1) and work motivation (X2) on employee performance (Y) are processed using correlation analysis, regression analysis, t-test, F-test and coefficient of determination. The results of the study using the t-test indicate that the leadership variable (X1) has no effect but is significant on employee performance (Y) and the work motivation variable (X2) has an effect and is significant on employee performance (Y). While the F test shows that leadership (X1) and work motivation (X2) together have an effect and are significant on employee performance (Y). The Adjusted R square value is 0.459 or 45.9% which means that the leadership and work motivation variables can explain the changes that occur in employee performance variables, by 45.9% and the remaining 54.1% is explained by other variables that are not studied.    

Anindia Dita Rachmadani; Lamidi Lamidi

Jurnal Manajemen Riset Inovasi 2024 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

PT Efrata Garmindo Utama Sukoharjo itself operates in the retail sector which makes batik clothes (men, women and children) with its flagship brand, namely Bateeq. This research is a survey with quantitative data, namely data on the number of employees and the number of respondents to the questionnaire. Primary data in this research is the result of distributing questionnaires given to employees of PT Efrata Garmindo Utama. The population in this study were all employees of PT Efrata Garmindo Utama, totaling 502 employees. The sample in this study was narrowed using the Slovin formula to 85 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire. Test research instruments with validity and reliability tests, classic assumption tests including multicollinearity tests, autocorrelation tests, heteroscedasticity tests and normality tests. The data analysis method uses descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression test, t test, F test and R² test. The results of the validity test for all instruments obtained a significance value = 0.000 < 0.05, meaning that all instruments were valid. Reliability test results for all reliable variables. The results of the multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test, heteroscedasticity test, normality test for all variables passed the test. The results of the multiple linear regression test obtained the regression equation Y = 17.062 + 27.571 X₁ – 47.771 X₂ + 0.013 The results of the t test for the work ethic variable have no significant effect on employee performance with ρ-value = 0.378 > 0.05. Work discipline has a significant effect on employee performance with ρ-value = 0.012 < 0.05. Work motivation has a significant effect on employee performance with ρ-value = 0.000< 0.05. The results of the F test show a calculated F of 34.876 with a ρ-value of 0.000 < 0.05, meaning that the model used to test the influence of the independent variables is variable X1 (work ethic), variable X2 (work discipline) and variable X3 (work motivation) on The dependent variable, namely employee performance (Y), is correct. The R² test results obtained a value (Adjusted R²) of 0.574, meaning that the contribution of the independent influence of variable X1 (work ethic), variable X2 (work discipline) and variable X3 (work motivation) to Y (employee performance) was 54.7%. The remainder (100% - 54.7%) = 45.3% is explained by other variables outside the model, for example quality of work life, workload, work environment, job satisfaction and leadership style.

Endika Yusuf Cahyo Purnomo; Asih Handayani

Jurnal Manajemen Riset Inovasi 2024 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

The aim of this research is to analyze the significance of the influence of leadership, job satisfaction and motivation on the performance of Karanganyar Regency Dispermades employees. This research uses qualitative and quantitative data types. The data source used is the acquisition of primary data and secondary data. The population in this study was 40 employees of the Karanganyar Regency Dispermades, so the sampling technique in this study used a census technique, so that the entire population was sampled. The data analysis techniques used in this research are descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test, and coefficient of determination (R2). The results of this research show that leadership (X1) has a significant effect on the performance of Karanganyar Regency Dispermades employees, thus the first hypothesis is proven to be true. Job satisfaction (X2) has no significant effect on the performance of Karanganyar Regency Dispermades employees, thus the second hypothesis is not proven true. Motivation (X3) has a significant effect on the performance of Karanganyar Regency Dispermades employees, thus the third hypothesis is proven to be true. The results of the F test show a significance value of 0.000, which means the model is correct in predicting the influence of leadership, job satisfaction and motivation on the performance of Karanganyar Regency Dispermades employees. The R2 test result is 0.915, meaning that the contribution of the leadership, job satisfaction and motivation variables to employee performance is 91.5%, the remainder (100% - 91.5%) = 8.5% is explained by other variables outside the model, for example discipline work, work environment, rewards, etc.

Tiara Okty Pratiwi Lubis; Muhammad Alfahmi

JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN (JISE) 2024 CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

Employee performance can be seen from the quality and quantity achieved by an employee in carrying out his duties in accordance with the responsibilities given to him. This research aims to analyze leadership, motivation, and discipline and employee performance in the Medan Perjuangan Village Head. The sample in this study was 32 employees at the Medan Perjuangan Village Head. The data collection instrument uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale, each of which has been tested and has met the validity and reliability requirements. Data analysis used multiple linear regression using SPSS 19.0 for Windows software tools. The results of the partial research show that partial testing for the leadership variable shows a p-value of 0.303, meaning that partial leadership does not have a significant effect on employee performance in the Medan Perjuangan Village Head. The partial test results for the motivation variable show a p-value of 0.009, meaning that motivation partially has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Medan Perjuangan Village Head. The partial test results for the work discipline variable show a p-value of 0.000, meaning that discipline partially has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at the Medan Perjuangan Village Head. The results of the simultaneous testing of the calculated F value are 512.757 which is greater than 3.33 and the significant value of 0.000 is smaller than 0.05 so it can be concluded that leadership, motivation and discipline have a significant simultaneous effect on employee performance at the Medan Perjuangan Village Head.

Syarifah Alda Azlika; Chablullah Wibisono; Gita Indrawan

International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to determine the direct and indirect effect of leadership, motivation, training on performance through employee satisfaction of the regional secretariat of bintan regency. This type of research uses quantitative research methods with primary and secondary data sources. The population in this study was 109 Civil Servants (PNS) who worked at the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat office. In this study, data collection was carried out using the census method in which the entire population was taken as a sample. By using the census method, this study aims to obtain accurate and representative data from the entire existing population. This step will make it easier for researchers to analyze and describe the characteristics and events that occur in the population. This research uses Smart-Pls as a data processing tool. The results of this study, Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. This proves that Leadership can affect the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Motivation has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. This proves that Motivation can affect the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Training has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. This proves that Training can affect the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Job Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance. This proves that Job Satisfaction can affect the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Leadership has a positive and significant effect on Employee Job Satisfaction. This proves that Leadership can affect the Job Satisfaction of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Motivation has a positive and significant effect on Employee Job Satisfaction. This proves that Motivation can affect the Job Satisfaction of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Training has a positive and insignificant effect on Employee Job Satisfaction. Job Satisfaction mediates positively and significantly between Leadership and the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Job Satisfaction mediates positively and significantly between Motivation and the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat. Job Satisfaction mediates positively and insignificantly between Training and the Performance of Employees of the Bintan Regency Regional Secretariat.  

Habibullah Jimad; Muhammad Ibn Hajar

International Journal of Management and Strategic Business Leadership 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This research aims to determine the effect of leadership style on employee performance with motivation as a moderating variable. This research used a sample of 195 employees of the Public Works Department in Bandar Lampung City. This research uses simple linear regression analysis and descriptive statistics which are processed using the SPSS version 23 statistical application. The results of this research show that the leadership style variable is proven to have a significant positive effect on employee performance variables and supports the first hypothesis. The motivation variable as a moderating variable in this study was proven to have no effect on the influence of the leadership style variable on employee performance and did not support the second hypothesis. Based on this, it can be concluded that this research supports the first hypothesis, but does not support the second hypothesis in this research.

Fiki Hendro Yunanto; Sri Wijiastuti; Zandra Dwanita Widodo

International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This research aims to determine the influence of Leadership Style, Work Environment, and Work Motivation on the Performance of Wonogiri District Dispora Office Employees, both partially and simultaneously. This research is quantitative using primary and secondary data. Data quality analysis testing uses validity tests and reliability tests. This research uses a survey method by distributing questionnaires. From a population of 32 people, all were sampled using saturated sampling techniques. The analysis used is multiple linear regression. This research shows that Leadership Style partially influences employee performance by 35.1%. The work environment partially influences employee performance by 14.7%. And Work Motivation partially influences employee performance by 20.2%. Leadership style, work environment, and work motivation simultaneously or together also have an influence on employee performance, shown by a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05. Meanwhile, the coefficient of determination test results have an Adjusted R Square value of 92.80%, which means that employee performance variables are influenced by leadership style variables, work environment, work motivation and the remaining 7.208% are influenced by other variables.

Nadya Waluyo; Angela Angela; Osma Setiawan; Chintya Ones Charli

Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Manajemen 2024 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This article discusses a literature review that has an impact on employee performance as the dependent variable, leadership style and work motivation as the independent variable and job satisfaction as the intervening variable. This literature review aims to determine hypotheses that impact each variable so that they can be used for further research. This literature review provides an explanation that: 1) Leadership style has a relationship and influences employee performance. 2) Work motivation has a relationship and influences employee performance. 3) Leadership style has a relationship and influences job satisfaction. 4) Work motivation has a relationship and influences job satisfaction. 5) Job satisfaction has a relationship and influences employee performance. 6) Leadership style has a relationship and influences employee performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable. 7) Work motivation has a relationship and influences employee performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable. 8) Leadership style and work motivation have a relationship and influence employee performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable.  

Yasman Yasman; Limgiani Limgiani

Jurnal Manajemen Kreatif dan Inovasi 2024 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

Employee work behavior can include their actions, attitudes, and opinions about their own work. All business organizations must understand the work behavior of their employees. Employee work behavior will influence company performance and direct the achievement of company goals. employee work behavior at PT. Indolakto Pasuruan is the subject of this research. Primary data was obtained through surveys, observations and interviews. This research involved all production department employees at PT. Indolakto Pasuruan, numbering 160 people. The results show that employees have motivation, can show work productivity, are responsible and work hard.

Juniche Irene Sarapang; Christian August Harold Legoh; Nani Nurcahyani Hi. Yusuf; Wahyudin Rahman

Proceeding of the International Conference on Management, Entrepreneurship, and Business 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of Key Performance Indicator (KPI)-based performance appraisal system, leadership style, and work motivation on employee productivity. The research method used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that simultaneously, the implementation of KPI, leadership style, and work motivation have a significant effect on employee productivity. Partially, the implementation of KPI and leadership style have a positive and significant effect on employee productivity, indicating that an effective KPI system and good leadership can improve individual performance. However, the results of the study also show that work motivation does not have a significant effect on employee productivity, indicating that there are other factors that may play a greater role in improving productivity. The implication of this study is that organizations need to focus more on optimizing the KPI system and developing a leadership style that can support the achievement of employee productivity.

Irma Normalia; Kartawan Kartawan; Yusuf Abdullah

Jurnal Nuansa : Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen dan Ekonomi Syariah 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This research aims to examine the influence of motivation, leadership and work stress as determinant factors on performance with job satisfaction as an intervening variable. The study was conducted on District employees in Tasikmalaya City. Sampling was carried out using the proportional stratified random sampling technique, with a total sample size of 152 samples, spread across 10 sub-district employees in Tasikmalaya City. The research instrument used was a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The analysis technique used structural equation modeling with the smartPLS application. The results of this research show that 1) Motivation, leadership, work stress, job satisfaction and performance of sub-district employees in Tasikmalaya City are in very good condition; 2) Motivation, leadership and work stress have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction; 3) Motivation, leadership and work stress have a positive and significant effect on performance; 4) Motivation, leadership and work stress influence performance through job satisfaction as an intervening variable for subdistrict employees in Tasikmalaya City.

Rizqi Waladun Khoiri; Wawan Prahiawan

Maeswara : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to find out how the employees of PT. Central Cipta Abadi in Cilegon City in relation to the work environment, motivation and transformational leadership style. Quantitative research methodology was applied. This research used 93 respondents as samples and populations. A technique known as non-probability sampling (saturated sample), to collect data based on questionnaires with measurements using an interval scale. SmartPLS 3.0 analysis tool, which consists of exterior and inner model tests as well as instrument tests. Based on data calculations carried out with SmartPLS 3.0, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (2) There is no significant effect of transformative leadership style on employee performance; (3) Employee performance is positively influenced by work motivation and is significant in this case.

Sabar Iman; Addin Widi Wicaksono; Tina Ika Vidyana

Proceeding. of The International Conference on Business and Economics 2024 Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

This research investigates the impact of work motivation and leadership, mediated by job satisfaction, on employee performance in savings and loan cooperatives during the Covid-19 pandemic in Pemalang. The population consists of employees from Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Muti Artha Utama, Graha Mandiri, and Merdeka Makmur the Main Branch Office in Pemalang, totaling 250 individuals. Data collection is conducted through a questionnaire, and the validity and reliability of the instruments are assessed through appropriate tests. The analytical approach involves multiple regression analysis. The findings from the multiple regression analysis indicate that work motivation positively and significantly affects employee performance, while leadership also demonstrates a positive and significant impact on employee performance. Furthermore, work motivation is found to exert a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction, and leadership similarly shows a positive and significant impact on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is then identified as having a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The results suggest that job satisfaction serves as a mediator, enhancing or fortifying the influence of work motivation variables on employee performance. Similarly, job satisfaction acts as a mediator, amplifying the impact of leadership variables on employee performance within savings and loan cooperatives in Pemalang.

Ari Fatah Asrofi; Heri Setiawan; Ady Achadi

Prosiding Seminar Nasional Ilmu Ekonomi dan Akuntansi 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

This research is based on the gap phenomenon in the form of the level of work achievement of employees which is considered not optimal. Condition can demonstrated through reports on the work achievements of Purbalingga Regency Education and Culture Service employees and research gaps in the form of differences in research results for each variable. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of work motivation, training, competence and job satisfaction on the work performance of employees of the Purbalingga Regency Education and Culture Service. The population in this study ASN employees of the Purbalingga Regency Education and Culture Service, totaling 86 people with a sample of 75 respondents. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing using t test calculations. The results of this research show work motivation, training, competence and job satisfaction influence work performance. From the results the research, can be implied that the leadership of the Purbalingga Regency Education and Culture Office needs to provide recognition to employees, needs to pay more attention to the qualifications of trainers for employees, increases responsiveness in carrying out work, needs to pay attention to the amount of payment an employee receives as needed.

Putri Wulansari; Anniez Rachmawati Musslifah

RISOMA : Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Pendidikan 2024 Asosiasi Ilmuwan Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Humaniora Indonesia

This research discusses the importance of teamwork in improving employee performance in a company. Teamwork is an effective way to unite all employees in achieving company goals with better results. Several important aspects of teamwork include clear goals, open and honest communication, cooperative decision making, and an atmosphere of trust. Research shows that teamwork has a positive influence on employee performance, especially in teams involved in complex knowledge work. Other factors that influence employee performance include competence, work motivation, leadership, and work environment. Employee performance assessments are carried out to improve work quality, career development and compensation adjustments. This research uses qualitative methods with literature studies to explore information from various relevant sources.

Ketut Reki; Mukran Roni

Global Leadership Organizational Research in Management 2024 STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang

The aim of this research is to find out the influence of work motivation, work discipline and learning organization on the performance of PDAM Tirta Musi Palembang Unit 3 Ilir employees. The data collection technique used in this research is using a questionnaire method with closed questions so that respondents choose the answers that have been provided and the analysis method used is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of this research are that the variables Motivation, Work Discipline, and Learning Organization influence employee performance. Based on the f test results of 0.022, the value of 0.022 is smaller than 0.05, so it can have an influence on employee performance. Increasing high employee performance is very important in a company, because with high employee performance it will be possible to increase employee work productivity. With increased productivity, the company's goals will be achieved automatically. Therefore, a company always tries to improve the performance of its employees, so that the company's goals can be achieved immediately. Factors that can influence performance itself are motivation, employee work discipline, and learning organization.

Dian Rachmawati Prasetyaningrum; Enas Enas; Irma Bastaman

Jurnal Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Teknologi 2024 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Regarding the implementation of employee performance of the Housing, Residential Areas and Land Agency of Cilacap Regency, it is marked by the fact that there are still delays in completing tasks and work for employees. This results in delays in providing reports on their tasks and work to the leadership, and low employee awareness of the tasks/obligations that are their responsibility and inadequate employee abilities for the tasks assigned to the work apparatus. The formulation of the problem proposed in this study includes: 1. How does work motivation affect employee performance? 2. How does competence affect employee performance? 3. How much influence do work motivation and competence have on employee performance? The method used in this study uses a quantitative method. To analyze it, using statistical correlation and multiple regression test data analysis using the SPSS program. The results of the analysis prove that motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. This means that the higher the motivation, the higher the employee performance, this is evidenced by the results of the analysis of the contribution data of X1 to Y with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.407 (40.7%) and then competence has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. This means that the higher the competence, the higher the employee performance, this is evidenced by the results of the analysis of the contribution data of X2 to Y with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.453 (45.3%). Furthermore, motivation and competence have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. This means that if there is motivation and competence, then employee performance will also increase. This is evidenced by the results of the analysis which states the contribution of variables X1 and X2 to Y with a correlation (r) of 0.722. If consulted with the table of interpretation values ​​r, then the level of relationship between X1 and X2 to Y is included in the fairly strong category. The coefficient of determination (r2) is 0.521 which means that motivation and competence affect employee performance by 52.1% while the remaining 47.9% is influenced by other factors outside that are not studied.

Zulhendri Zulhendri; Ismail Efendy; Ramadhani Syafitri Nasution

Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan 2024 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

There are many factors that influence employee or employee performance at work. that performance is basically influenced by many factors, one of which is work motivation in carrying out tasks. One of the factors that can influence employee performance is work motivation, incentives (compensation), and leadership. The aim of this research is to determine and analyze the influence of leadership style on the performance of medical and non-medical service staff at Tarempa Hospital, Anambas Islands, Riau in 2024. This type of research uses a descriptive analytical survey with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study was all the medical and non-medical service installation staff at Tarempa Regional Hospital, Anambas Islands, Riau, totaling 78 people. While the sample numbered 78 people, this population sampling was carried out with the total population. Data analysis was carried out using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Based on the results of the chi-square test, it is known that the performance of medical and non-medical service staff has an influence on Militaristic Leadership Style, Paternalistic Leadership Style, Laissirez Fair Leadership Style and Democratic Leadership Style p = 0.000, meaning that there is an influence of Militaristic Leadership Style, Paternalistic Leadership Style, Leadership Style Laissirez Fair and Democratic Leadership Style. on the performance of medical and non-medical service staff. From the results of the multivariate analysis, it is known that the most influential variable in this study is the Democratic Leadership Style variable with an odds ratio (OR) value of 62,850 which predominantly influences medical and non-medical service staff. The conclusion in this research is that the appropriate leadership style applied by medical and non-medical services is a democratic leadership style. This is because based on research results, democratic leadership style is the most dominant influence on the performance of medical and non-medical service staff. It is recommended that medical and non-medical service staff strive to improve the performance of medical and non-medical services through reading and discussion activities and discipline when entering work.