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The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of using the problem based learning model on the interest in learning PAK of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2022/2023 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the use of the problem based learning model on the interest in learning PAK of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2022/2023 academic year. This research is a regression research using Descriptive and Inferential Statistics techniques. The population of all class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon who are Protestant Christians is 190 people. Random sampling (random sampling) is 25% of the total population, namely 48 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. From the determination coefficient test, the value r2 = 0.2520 is obtained. From the determination value (r2), it can be seen that the percentage of influence between the use of the problem based learning model on the interest in learning PAK of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2022/2023 academic year is 25.20% and 74 .80% is influenced by other factors as explained in the literature review, namely factors in the school environment, factors in the home environment, factors in the community environment. The results of the analysis requirements obtained the value rxy=0.502>rtabel=0.284 and tcount=3.937>ttable=2.021, indicating that there is a relationship between the use of the problem based learning model and students' interest in learning PAK and obtaining the regression equation. Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=52.15>Ftable=3.23, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the use of the problem based learning model on the interest in learning PAK of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Sipoholon for the 2022/2023 academic year of 25.20%.

This research focuses on the representation of the history of reform in the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori and its relevance to learning historical novels in SMA/SMK. Theoretically, this research serves as a means of developing literary knowledge, especially regarding literature and historical literary perspectives, as well as practically providing an understanding to the public about the history of reform in a literary work. This research can also contribute to Indonesian language teachers at the SMA/SMK level, because it has relevance to historical novels so that they are worthy of being used as teaching materials. This study uses a type of qualitative research. The source of the data in this study was the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori. This data was collected using the literature study method, then the children were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. After being analyzed, the results of this study show that the novel Laut tells the story of Leila S. Chudori, there are historical representations of reform, including the kidnapping and torture of activists, the banning of literary works, the fall of the Suharto regime, the formation of the missing persons commission and the disappearance of marine figures. In addition, based on research results by looking at the syllabus for learning historical novels, the novel Laut Bercerita is suitable as teaching material in learning historical novels in SMA/SMK.

Human resource management must be carried out professionally in order to produce competent human resources to improve the performance of individuals and companies. The role of a leader is very important in improving employee performance, because effective leadership provides direction to the efforts of all workers in achieving organizational goals. One of the appropriate leadership styles in dealing with change and addressing the proactive nature of employees is a transformational leadership style that brings change through a clear vision by involving subordinates in every activity. The right leadership style will make employees respectful at work and willing to contribute their best. With the implementation of the transformation leadership style in the company, it will create maximum employee performance which will affect the company's progress.

A bank health assessment is needed to find out whether the condition of the bank is unhealthy, sick or healthy so that the company can take appropriate steps to handle it. The choice of CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio) as the dependent variable is because according to Bank Indonesia, the Capital Adequacy Ratio is the most important indicator in maintaining the level of bank health. Meanwhile, the choice of ROA (Return On Assets) and ROE (Return On Equity) is because Return On Assets and Return On Equity are aspects of assessing the health of a bank as seen from its ability to generate profits. This research has an important objective to evaluate the financial performance of PT. BTPN Bank by considering ROA, ROE and CAR. With this research, PT. Bank BTPN will know whether the profits generated from Assets and Equity affect the Capital Adequacy value. The sampling technique in this research used purposive sampling, while the sample taken was PT's quarterly financial report. BTPN Bank for the 2014-2022 period consisted of 36 samples obtained through documentation and literature study. From the results of the analysis carried out, the research results show that partially Return On Assets has a positive and significant effect on the Capital Adequacy Ratio, Return On Equity has a negative and significant effect on the Capital Adequacy Ratio, and simultaneously Return On Assets and Return On Equity have a positive and significant effect but not very strong on PT's Capital Adequacy Ratio. National Pension Savings Bank in the 2014-2022 period with evidence of an R Square value of 0.304 or 30.4%.  

This research aims to understand the planning of educational facilities and infrastructure needs. Knowing the required facilities and infrastructure needs will have a significant impact on the success of the learning process and can contribute appropriately to the achievement of educational goals. The research method used is a literature review method by collecting materials from various sources such as journals, articles, the internet, books, and other sources related to the planning of educational facilities and infrastructure needs. The results of the study show that the steps in planning facilities and infrastructure needs include needs analysis, cost analysis, and priority analysis. The purpose of planning these facilities and infrastructure needs is to ensure the provision of facilities and infrastructure that meet the needs of students and the needs of all staff in educational institutions. This includes various specifications of items, such as consumables, non-consumables, immovable items, and items related to learning activities.      

PLN (Persero) UP3 Binjai is one of the PLN units responsible for the electricity distribution function. In the electricity business, its position is as an interface with customers. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of using the PLN Mobile application in the customer service section at PLN UP3 Binjai. In collecting research data, a qualitative method was used consisting of interviews and observations as well as literature review, interviews were conducted to PLN employees in the customer service department and PLN mobile users. The results of the research are that the PLN Mobile Application is quite good and very useful for UP3 Binjai customers to fulfill electricity needs, complaints and grievances, however, socialization is not yet evenly distributed so that there are still PLN customers UP3 Binjai who have not used the PLN Mobile application. Apart from that, the PLN Mobile application also has a positive impact on both customers and PLN employees because it will be more effective and save time and energy for both customers and employees in resolving customer complaints.

This research aims to find out whether people's consumption interest can increase profits from sales of West Pasaman specialty souvenirs, namely UMKM Corn Butter Chips after Covid-19. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data collection technique in this research uses interview techniques, direct observation and literature study. The data analysis techniques in this research are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research subject in this research is the owner of the UMKM Corn Butter Emping production house, namely Mr. Ade Media Saputra in Pinaga Village, Aua Kuniang, Pasaman District, West Pasaman Regency. Apart from that, several communities are responsible for providing the information needed by researchers. The sales data used in this research is data for 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022 to see any changes in sales of UMKM Corn Butter Chips caused by Covid-19. The results of this research show that the sales profit of UMKM Corn Butter Chips after Covid-19 increased quite significantly compared to when Covid-19 occurred, reaching a percentage of 1.74% and a difference of Rp. 90,000,000, however, this sales profit has not yet reached the profit before Covid-19 occurred. Then, public interest in consumption can increase profits from sales of Butter Corn Emping souvenirs after Covid-19, as evidenced by the increase in public demand for Butter Corn Emping souvenirs with a percentage of 1.74% and a difference in demand of 1,800 kg.

The purpose of this study is to find out: (1) the use of Islamic mobile banking in the Islamic economy, (2) the interest of semester VIII Islamic banking students in using Islamic mobile banking. This research is a field research, namely describing and explaining facts as they are, not adding and not subtracting, which is descriptive in nature and tends to use analysis, describing social problems and research that produces findings that can be obtained by means of observation, interviews, documentation and literature. Data analysis is done by data collection, data reduction, data presentation and verification. The results showed that (1) interest in using sharia mobile banking in Islamic economics is permissible as long as it fulfills sharia principles that there is no usury, maisir, and other activities that are contrary to Islamic ethical principles (2) interest in using sharia mobile banking in semester VIII students of Islamic banking is still low because they do not have full cellphone memory, do not really understand the use of sharia mobile banking, BSI bank which only exists in Sibuhuan and has no branches so it is difficult to reach, and is not too important in the use of sharia mobile banking in everyday life.  

Career development in an era of ambiguity is becoming increasingly important in the modern era of uncertainty and rapid environmental change. The ever-changing business, social, and technological environments pose new challenges for individuals seeking to develop their careers. This research aims to identify career development strategies in the face of an ambiguous work environment, as well as to explore the concepts and practices of career development that exist in this era of ambiguity. This research uses the literature method or literature study, which is by utilizing various literature sources to obtain data. A qualitative approach was chosen because the data produced is in the form of descriptions or words. The results showed that career development is very important in the era of ambiguity, and each individual needs to integrate flexibility, adaptability, and understanding of uncertainty in their career development strategy. With a deep understanding of ambiguity and the ability to adapt, individuals can maximize their career potential in this era of change. Organizations can also support employees by creating an environment that enables growth and development amidst rapid change.  

The legal products of the Supreme Court are not the same as laws. If the law does not understand or regulate something, the Supreme Court can issue policy regulations based on its authority. However, such a thing is not always done. For example, in 1963 the Supreme Court issued Circular Letter Number 3, which effectively canceled a number of Articles in the BW because it was considered unfair. . Researchers use normative research methods to obtain relevant material and explanations for the formulation of the problem as well as to obtain research-based understanding and explanations raised. Normative research is a type of research conducted through a review of literature (secondary sources). The type of normative research chosen is normative juridical, because the starting point of this research is to use legal norms or existing laws and regulations to analyze the problem under study. The results show that the Position and Strength of the Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) in the legal system in Indonesia is recognized outside the hierarchy of laws and regulations and has binding legal force in accordance with the words of Article 8 Paragraph (1) and (2) of Law no. 12 of 2011

Change management in the VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity) era has become increasingly important in dealing with business dynamics that change rapidly and unexpectedly. This era is characterized by continuous change, external uncertainty, the complexity of the business environment, and information ambiguity. This study uses the literature study method to explore the concepts and practices of change management that are effective in dealing with the instability and uncertainty of the business environment. Through the research method of literature study, the authors analyze various sources of literature which include change management theories, as well as case studies of the implementation of change management in various organizations. This article highlights the importance of organizational adaptation to rapid and unpredictable environmental change. The study results emphasize continuous adaptation and innovation as the keys to success in the face of constant change. In addition, this article provides insight into how organizations can turn VUCA challenges into opportunities for sustainable growth and development.

Riset terdahulu atau riset yang relevan sangat penting dalam suatu riset atau artikel ilmiah. Riset terdahulu atau riset yang relevan berfungsi untuk memperkuat teori dan penomena hubungan atau pengaruh antar variable. Artikel ini mereview faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi nilai perusahaan, yaitu Penghindaran pajak, perencanaan pajak dan profitabilitas, suatu studi literatur manajemen sumber daya manusia. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini guna membangun hipotesis pengaruh antar variabel untuk digunakan pada riset selanjutnya. Hasil artikel literature review ini adalah:  1) Penghindaran pajak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan; 2) perencanaan pajak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan; dan 3) profitabilitas berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.

The purpose of this research is to develop a decision support system for selecting the best existing employees in order to facilitate data collection and the process of selecting the best employees. The research methodology used in the data processing system is the literature study method, namely data collection which is carried out by taking data from various books in the library, journals and other books that can be used as a basis for analyzing problems that can be discussed in research, as well as field study methods. namely by making direct observations such as interviews and observations. The problem solving algorithm used is the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The result of this research is that there is an application tool made with the Java programming language and storing data using a database from MySQL so that the process of data collection and selection of the best employees at PT Radiant Asia Pacific becomes more effective, efficient and practical.

The purpose of this research is to develop a decision support system for selecting the best existing employees in order to facilitate data collection and the process of selecting the best employees. The research methodology used in the data processing system is the literature study method, namely data collection which is carried out by taking data from various books in the library, journals and other books that can be used as a basis for analyzing problems that can be discussed in research, as well as field study methods. namely by making direct observations such as interviews and observations. The problem solving algorithm used is the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The result of this research is that there is an application tool made with the Java programming language and storing data using a database from MySQL so that the process of data collection and selection of the best employees at PT Radiant Asia Pacific becomes more effective, efficient and practical.

This research uses the literary object of the novel entitled Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu by Tere Liye. This research is motivated by several social conflicts that usually occur in society, both those that are going through and that have already been passed. The formulation of the problem in this research is how social conflict is in the novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu by Tere Liye. The social conflicts in the novel include realistic conflicts, non-realistic conflicts and the positive function of social conflict. The aim of this research is to describe the social conflict in the novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu by Tere Liye. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literary sociology approach through Lewis A. Coser's social conflict theory which is used to discover social conflict. The data collection technique in this research uses documentation techniques. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is an analysis of social conflict in the novel Rembulan Tenggelam di Wajahmu by Tere Liye: A Sociological Study of Literature which consists of 1) The concept of social conflict of the characters in the form of realistic conflict with elements of Hostile feeling and Hostile behavior  and non-realistic conflicts are dominated by realistic conflicts because the conflicts in the novel mostly occur between two people and without the element of revenge.

This research aims to investigate the influence of brand image (X1), product innovation (X2), location (X3), and taste (X4) variables on purchasing decisions (Y) for snacks at UD Dian Coklat Papar. This is a quantitative research study. Data collection techniques include primary data and secondary data. Sample selection was done using the accidental sampling metho, with a total 100 respondents from UD Dian Coklat Papar. Date for this research were collected through questionnaires, interviewews, and literature review. The analysis used in this study include validity test, Reliability test, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analiysis, t-test, f0test, and coefficient of determination test. The results of the research obtained the multiple linear regression equation Y= 1.522 + 0.239X1 + 0.222X2 + 0.241X3+0.241X4 and the t-test results of the brand image variable had a partially significant effect on purchasing decisions with a sig result of 0.033 < 0.05.  Product innovation has a partially significant effect on purchasing decisions, with a sig value.  0.024 > 0.05.  location has a partially significant effect on purchasing decisions, with the resulting sig.  0.020 > 0.05.  Taste has a partially significant effect on purchasing decisions, with a sig.  0.026 > 0.05.  The F test results obtained Fcount results with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05.  From the results of the analysis it can be concluded that brand image, product innovation, location and taste image simultaneously and significantly influence purchasing decisions for snacks at UD Dian Coklat explained.

Companies must recognise the culture of the country where the business is targeted. This is because culture is the main element that is very important and has been attached to the community as the intended consumer, so that it can influence his decision to buy a product or use a service that is not in accordance with his culture. This study aims to find out how the role of local community culture in global marketing. The research method used in this study is literature-based research, which is conducting a literature study by collecting data and previous research from various scientific journals, books and current news issues. This research shows that the culture of local people influences purchasing decisions and consumer behavior in the global market, so marketers need to set global marketing strategies.

This research aims to determine the influence of customer value and product variety on Soehendar Coffee customer satisfaction. Data collection techniques use observation, questionnaires and literature study. The sample in this study was 30 respondents with the sampling technique being purposive sampling, namely customers who had purchased Soehendar Coffee products at least once. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that partially, neither customer value nor product variety have a significant influence on Soehendar Coffee customer satisfaction. Simultaneously, customer value and product variety have a significant influence on Soehendar Coffee customer satisfaction.

This research aims to describe the application of the precautionary principle in dealing with bad credit and to determine the assessment in providing financing to PT. BSM Kcp Script. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, data collection techniques use interviews and documentation, data analysis uses qualitative data analysis techniques using inductive thinking, and this research data uses primary data sources obtained from supporting sources, namely books, the internet and literature. other. PT. BSM Kcp Aksara has applied the precautionary principle in bad credit using the 5C principle analysis, which includes Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition and Colliteral as well as producers that customers must go through in submitting financing applications, providing financing, paying financing installments and obstacles to bad credit. . The results of this research, PT. BSM Kcp Aksara in implementing the principle of prudence in the financing that has been carried out is not good enough, BSM provides financing by emphasizing the 5C principle which includes Character, Capacity, Capital, Condition and Collateral. The important thing in providing financing to customers is Collateral (Guarantee). Judging from the results of customer data, the 5C principle has not been able to completely prevent bad credit due to the Account Office (AO) being less careful in analyzing financing. However, BSM's consistency in handling problematic financing customers has been carried out according to producers by collecting them periodically and providing warning letters I, II and III in stages.  

Human rights become a hot world issue when their recognition becomes a commitment of every country in the world. The global community is also worried about violations of human rights which frequently occur and are becoming more massive as time goes by. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender issues became increasingly hot on the lips of the public when there was news in the mass media about the ASEAN-wide LGBT meeting being held in Jakarta last July. In this article, the author uses normative juridical research methods. The author will review secondary legal materials, including laws, books, journals and literature related to the research subject, and explain them through descriptive analysis. 20th century, issues surrounding transgender identity began to emerge in various big cities in Indonesia. In the context of performing and martial arts, as well as among male communities in some ethnic groups, same-sex interactions have become common. Human Rights freedoms are supported by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, namely liberalization of freedom of expression, especially transgender sexual behavior. Transgender issues began to emerge in several large cities in Indonesia at the beginning of the 20th century. Then it began to experience rapid development around the 1960s. Indonesia is a country that respects and upholds human rights in its constitution. The lack of clarity regarding transgender people in both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and positive law in Indonesia is used as an opportunity for transgender people to fight for their rights