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This study aims to explore the impact of bilateral political volatility on the investment decisions of multinational corporations (MNCs) through a qualitative literature review approach. The analysis reveals that instability in bilateral political relations significantly influences investment decisions, particularly through regulatory uncertainty, geopolitical risks, and disruptions in stakeholder relationships. Companies with strong political connections are better equipped to manage these risks compared to those without similar networks. Mitigation strategies such as geographical diversification and strategic partnerships are identified as key solutions for addressing geopolitical instability. While providing valuable strategic insights, this study is limited to specific geographical and sectoral contexts. These findings highlight the need for further research with broader geographical and sectoral scopes to support strategic decision-making by multinational corporations in increasingly dynamic geopolitical environments.

This article analyzes school autonomy policies in Indonesia and their implications for educational quality. Studying schools with varying degrees of autonomy, the study examines the relationship between decentralized management practices and student performance. The findings suggest that while autonomy can lead to better educational outcomes, its success depends largely on the capacity of school leadership and access to resources. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for balancing autonomy with support systems to ensure quality education.

A cooperative is a joint business entity operating in the economic sector, whose members are generally those from a weak economy who join voluntarily and on the basis of equal rights, are obliged to carry out a business aimed at meeting the needs of its members. The problem in this thesis is to find out the development of cooperative regulations in Indonesia based on Law Number 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives, the Roles and Responsibilities of Cooperative Management and Members in the Distribution of Remaining Business Results in Thrifty Village Unit Cooperatives. The formulation of the problem that will be discussed in this thesis is: 1) What are the responsibilities of cooperative management both outside and inside the cooperative based on Law No. 25 of 1992? 2) What is the position of members in the cooperative accountability system? 3) What is the legal review of the implementation of loan agreements at the Thrifty Village Unit Cooperative? The type of research in preparing legal writing is normative legal research or library legal research. The purpose of normative legal research is research carried out by examining library materials or secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. These materials are then arranged systematically, studied and then conclusions are drawn regarding their relationship to the problems studied. Based on Article 34 of Law Number 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives, the responsibility of cooperative administrators as cooperative managers for cooperative losses is responsible both jointly and individually bear the losses suffered by the cooperative if the losses suffered by the cooperative are caused by intention or negligence by the cooperative management. This is closely related to the obligations imposed on cooperative management which must be based on good faith. In this case, the management of the economical village unit cooperative did not provide accountability as regulated in the Law. The role of supervisors in supervising the work of cooperative management is considered less than optimal, because they still lack knowledge and ability regarding the duties and authority for which they are responsible.

This study aimed to find out whether Good Corporate Governance and Risk Management affected reputation with financial performance as an intervening variable in the case study of Bank Central Asia Syariah. In addition, this study also aimed to test whether financial performance variables mediatd the relationship between each variables. The sample used in this research was Bank Central Asia Syariah's quarterly and annual reports published for 2017-2022. The method used was a quantitative approach with data analysis using smartPLS, the data used was secondary data. The research results showed that Good Corporate Governance has significant effect on reputation.Good Corporate Governance has not is proven significant to financial performance. Risk management has proven to have a significant effect on reputation. Risk management has a significant effect with a negative influence on financial performance. Financial performance has proven to have a significant effect on reputation. The path test showed that financial performance is unable to mediated Good Corporate Governanceon and risk management on reputation.   Keywords: GCG, Risk Management, Reputation, Financial Performance

Background: Occupational safety in this context refers to efforts to prevent accidents and protect the physical integrity of employees, while occupational health includes efforts to prevent work-related diseases and maintain the physical and mental health of employees. The purpose of this writing is to find out the relationship between the level of occupational safety and health in the company and employee performance Method: The research method used is a literature review. Researchers collect various sources of information, such as scientific journals, books and other publications related to occupational safety and health levels and employee performance. Results: Occupational safety and health (K3) have a very important role in the work environment, with occupational safety aimed at preventing accidents and protecting the physical integrity of employees, while occupational health includes efforts to prevent work-related diseases and maintain the physical and mental health of employees. Holistic and comprehensive K3 management is an important key in improving employee performance, where a good combination of occupational safety and health has a greater impact on employee performance. The implications of this research are important for company management, because investing in K3 is not only a social responsibility but also a business strategy that can increase company productivity and sustainability. Management needs to prioritize K3 in business strategy, paying attention to supporting K3 factors such as a strong safety culture, quality K3 training, and strict work environment monitoring, to create a healthy, safe and productive work environment.

Procurement of Goods and Services at PT. Sarana Remaja Mandiri still use conventional systems. By using the Mekari Journal, as a procurement process in the company, it will have a significant impact on developing more efficient procurement. Organizations across all industries rely on Procurement Management expertise to source and manage relationships with external suppliers, ensuring these needed goods are obtained at the best cost. This aims to determine differences in procurement of goods and services at PT. Sarana Remaja Mandiri. The method used is the Mekari Journal, which makes it easier to document the documentation process for procurement of goods and services at PT. Sarana Remaja Mandiri. The Mekari journal will record the entire PO process that has been issued, delivery status, and payment status. Mekari Journal makes it easier for related parties in the company to access the progress of the goods and services procurement process. After analyzing and discussing the problem, the author comes to the conclusion that in the PO (purchase order) process, Jurnal Mekari helps in the efficiency process because by using this software, the procurement party only needs to enter related data such as supplier name, PO number, item name, number of items. , etc. By filling in the data in the Mekari Journal in the Purchase Order section, a PO will automatically be issued along with a template. So, companies don't need to create templates for PO documents.

This study investigates the relationship between family support and hypertension levels among the elderly population served by the Waplau Community Health Center in Buru Regency. The research aims to understand how family support influences the management and control of hypertension in older adults, contributing to better healthcare outcomes and improved quality of life

Job satisfaction has the potential to increase company productivity and emphasizes the importance of developing concepts to measure human resources. Each individual has varying levels of job satisfaction, influenced by the values they hold and their unique characteristics. Satisfaction is also related to the extent to which individuals feel their needs, wants and aspirations are met, which ultimately depends on the goals they want to achieve in their lives. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the variables of Performance Management, Enthusiasm, Motivation, and Training to Employee Job Satisfaction simultaneously and partially. This research is a deductive type of research using quantitative methods. The sample in this study amounted to 145 respondents using data collection techniques using purposive sumpling. Then the data is processed using multiple linear regression analysis methods using SPSS. Based on the test results, it is known that the variables of performance management, enthusiasm, motivation, and training simultaneously and partially have a positive effect on job satisfaction.

This study investigates the factors that influence the formation of PT's corporate image. Pal Indonesia (Persero) and how this perception is related to employee work motivation. Through a literature analysis approach, this research analyzes the perceptions of various stakeholder groups, including prospective employees, customers, suppliers and the general public. The results of the analysis show that company reputation, product and service quality, relationships with stakeholders, organizational values, and commitment to social responsibility are the main factors that influence the company's image. Positive perceptions of the company's image can increase trust, reputation and support from various parties, which in turn can motivate employees to provide their best contribution. Conversely, negative or ambiguous perceptions can reduce employee interest and motivation. Therefore, company management must actively monitor and manage these factors, and strive to build good relationships with various stakeholders to create a motivating work environment that contributes to the company's long-term success.

Low back pain (LBP) is pain in the lower back, it is not a disease or diagnosis for a disease but is pain that is felt in the area under pressure, varying in the length of time the pain lasts. Management of lower back pain can be done using non-pharmacological methods, namely by applying warm ginger compresses (Zingiber Offcinale). To determine the relationship between the effect of warm ginger compress (Zingiber Officinale) on reducing the pain scale in low back pain patients at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. This research uses a quasi-experimental design using a pre and post test approach without control. The sampling technique was a total sampling of 16 respondents. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis using the ANOVA test. It is known that from the first to the sixth day the P value is obtained (first day: 0.007, second day: 0.000, third day: 0.001, fourth day: 0.000, fifth day: 0.001, sixth day: 0.020) < 0.05. There is an effect of warm ginger compress (Zingiber Officinale) on reducing the pain scale in low back pain patients at Bakti Timah Karimun Hospital. Nurses can consider pain management therapy, one of which is by providing warm ginger water compress therapy and for Low Back Pain sufferers, they can apply warm ginger water compresses to reduce the discomfort of back pain.    

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the influence of the personality competence of PAK teachers on the character of students in class XI of cosmetology of SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti, Toba Regency for the 2023/2024 learning year, with the hypothesis that there is a positive and significant influence of the influence of the personality competence of PAK teachers on the character of students in class XI of cosmetology of SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti, Toba Regency for the 2023/2024 Learning Year. With a population of all students in class XI of Fashion Management of SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti who are Protestant Christians totaling 90 people with a sample of 60 people so that this study uses descriptive methods with cluster sampling techniques. Data were collected with a 54-item closed questionnaire prepared by the author based on variable indicators according to expert theory. The questionnaire test was conducted on 30 respondents of Class XI of Fashion Management 1 SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti Toba Regency for the 2023/2024 Learning Year using 54 questionnaire items and after being tested the results of the validity of the questionnaire test were known to be the value of rcount> rtable = 0.142-0.604 (there are 8 items of question items that have a validity of less than rtable 0.361 so that invalid questionnaires are discarded). Thus the valid questionnaire amounted to 46 question items. And the reliability of the questionnaire test which is at a value of 0.607. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive influence and significant between the Personality Competence of PAK Teachers on the Character of Students in Class XI of Fashion Management at SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti, Toba Regency for the 2023/2024 Learning Year. With the relationship test obtained rcount> rtable, namely 0.343>0.254, with a significant relationship test tcount> ttable, namely 3.654>2.000, with a linear regression test = α + bx = 26.98 + 0.248X. This equation shows that in a constant state of 26.98, for each addition of variable X (Teacher Personality Competence) by one unit, there will be an addition to variable Y (Student Character) of 0.248 from (variable X), the coefficient of determination is 11.76%. This means that Ho is rejected and Ha, accepted. Significant test of influence with Fcount>Ftabel (7.752>4.00) means that there is a positive and significant influence between the Personality Competence of PAK Teachers on the Character of Students in Class XI of Fashion Management at SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti, Toba Regency for the 2023/2024 Learning Year. This study suggests that teachers should always improve their Personality Competence as a PAK Teacher, so that the Character of Students in Class XI of Fashion Management at SMK Negeri 1 Laguboti, Toba Regency in the 2023/2024 Learning Year will be better.

This research explores the impact of Ramadan fasting on student's academic performance and identifies socio-cultural factors and interventions that can mitigate any negative effects. The study investigates three research questions: (1) the impact of fasting on children's cognitive abilities and academic performance, (2) socio-cultural factors influencing the relationship between fasting and academic achievement, and (3) specific strategies or interventions to support fasting children's academic success during Ramadan. A literature review was conducted to examine previous research on the topic, incorporating studies that explored the physiological, psychological, and socio-cultural dimensions of Ramadan fasting among children. The findings highlight the complex relationship between fasting and academic performance, with studies reporting varying effects ranging from negative to neutral or even positive. Socio-cultural factors such as family support, cultural attitudes towards education, dietary habits, school policies, and socio-economic status were identified as influential factors shaping children's experiences during fasting and their academic outcomes. Additionally, several strategies and interventions were identified to mitigate the negative effects of fasting on academic performance, including nutritional guidance, hydration strategies, flexible school policies, supportive school cultures, family involvement, peer support networks, time management skills, emotional well-being support, physical activity opportunities, and continued academic support. These findings underscore the importance of holistic approaches to support fasting children's academic success during Ramadan, addressing their physical, emotional, social, and academic needs.

This study assesses the relationship between digital literacy skills and student success in e-learning environments, focusing on higher education institutions in Bangladesh. Through surveys and analysis of performance data, the research examines students' proficiency with digital tools, self-regulation, and information management skills. Findings suggest that digital literacy is crucial for adapting to e-learning formats and achieving academic success, highlighting the need for digital skills training as part of college curricula.

The digital transformation within the public sector has shifted from an optional advancement to a primary parameter for local government success in managing dynamic metropolitan areas. This research examines the acceleration of Smart Governance in Surabaya through the implementation of the mandatory non-cash parking policy on public roads. Using a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design, the study explores how this transition redefine the relationship between the government, parking attendants, and citizens. Findings indicate that the policy effectively minimizes budget leakage and enhances fiscal transparency. The integration of digital payment systems has transformed traditional parking management into a data-driven service, fostering public trust through accountable financial tracking. Furthermore, the shift from cash to digital transactions has successfully professionalized the role of parking attendants within the urban ecosystem. However, success relies heavily on consistent infrastructure readiness and public literacy. The study concludes that Surabaya's non-cash parking model serves as a vital instrument for strengthening Regional Original Revenue (PAD) while modernizing urban governance. These implications suggest that digital integration is not merely a technical change but a fundamental shift in bureaucratic culture. This model provides a strategic framework for other Indonesian metropolitan cities aiming to implement similar digital-based public service innovations and sustainable smart city governance.

A hospital is an organization that, with all its health facilities, is expected to help patients improve their health and achieve optimal healing both physically, psychologically and socially. One profession that has an important role in maintaining the quality of health services is nursing. Nursing is the activity of providing care to individuals, families, groups or communities, whether sick or healthy, because nurses in carrying out nursing practice must always improve the quality of service by following developments in science and technology through education and training according to their field. Work. This research is a type of quantitative research with a cross-sectional design approach. The results of the analysis show that the Chi Square value for extroverted personality characteristics is 0.030 and introverted personality is 0.019, indicating that there is a relationship between personality characteristics and nurses' caring behavior. Based on the characteristics of the respondents, it is known that the majority of respondents are women, with the largest age range being 22-40 years, the dominant education level is D-III nursing and the majority of respondents are single. The results of the chi-square analysis showed that the significant relationship between personality characteristics (extroversion and introversion) has major implications for nursing practice and human resource management in health care settings. A deep understanding of these interrelationships provides a foundation for improving the quality of nursing care, managing balanced care teams, and personalizing approaches to providing care to patients.

Surgical wound infection is a serious problem in patient care in hospitals. This infection can cause increased morbidity, mortality, increased length of stay as well as costs and patient demands. This can be closely related to the quality and services of hospitals, which will also affect the credibility of health services. Nurses are the people who have the most contact with patients, therefore nurses' behavior is very influential in implementing procedures to prevent surgical wound infections. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and length of work with nurses' behavior in efforts to prevent surgical wound infections at Gatot Soebroto Hospital in 2023. This research method is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design approach. Using a total sampling technique of 60 people. Data collection was carried out by assessment using knowledge questionnaire instruments and intra-operative behavior checklists. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Spearman rho test correlation technique. The research results showed that 21 nurses (35%) had less knowledge. Nurses who have worked for less than 6 years are 37%, nurses who have worked for more than 10 years are 40%. Nurses with bad behavior had a higher number of 53.3%. The results of the Spearman rho test showed that (1) there was a relationship between nurses' knowledge of the behavior of preventing surgical wound infections with a p value = 0.000, meaning p > 0.05 (r = 0.616), (2) there was a relationship between the length of service of nurses and the behavior of preventing wound infections. operation with a p value = 0.006 means p > 0.05 (r = 0.349). The conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and behavior of nurses and there is a significant relationship between length of service and behavior of nurses in efforts to prevent surgical wound infections. The research suggestion is for hospital management to increase nurses' knowledge in the form of training, workshops and regular supervision,

Community Service is a course program that must be carried out by FKIP students at HKBP Nommensen University, Medan, together with their supervisor. Implementation of Community Service (PKM) is the application of the Community Service course in managing educational administration using the Teamwork method, which takes care of various educational administration interests which aim to support the implementation of the learning process that applies at the school using the Teamwork method. The Teamwork method is a way of working as a group in managing educational administration in a structured, efficient, effective manner and can build solid, collaborative group work that focuses on achieving common goals in managing educational administration at Lubuk Pakam Nusantara High School. The overall results of the community service program implementation activities went well from the start of the activity to the end of the activity using the teamwork method in managing education administration at SMA Nusantara Lubuk Pakam school. This creates a close relationship between students and educational administration management in working together to develop educational administration services at SMA Nusantara Lubuk Pakam school..

This research was triggered by the lack of effectiveness in implementing flood management measures at the regional, village and community levels. Problem identification shows that the coastal area of ​​Tangerang Regency has a low risk of flooding and damage due to tidal waves, this was obtained from a preparedness study which showed a low regional resilience index, preparedness index and flood implementation capacity index. The aim of this research is to evaluate the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Disaster Management in Flood Management in the Coastal Area of ​​Tangerang Regency. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach, and data collection is carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. In its analysis, this research refers to Van Metter and Van Horn's theory which includes indicators such as policy standards and objectives, resources, inter-organizational relationships, characteristics of implementing agents, economic, social and political environmental conditions, and implementing arrangements. The research results show that policy standards and objectives have not been implemented optimally, and policy objectives do not have a significant impact according to existing regulations. BPBD Tangerang Regency is experiencing a shortage of resources, both in terms of the quality of human resources, budget and materials. Although relations between organizations are maintained, they have not yet reached optimal levels. Communication with village officials is not well informed to the community, so that synergy and cooperation with the community in Tanjung Burung and Tanjung Pasir Villages has not been fully realized, especially in the coastal areas of Tangerang Regency. There is a positive attitude of implementers towards policies, but realistic and preventive action is needed in disaster management. Economic, social and political environmental conditions do not fully support the implementation of disaster management.    

This research aims to investigate the relationship between leadership style, level of work discipline, motivation and employee performance at the Economic Bureau of the Governor's Office of West Sumatra Province, with motivation as an intervening variable. The research method used is a qualitative approach to gain a deeper understanding of organizational dynamics. Data was collected through interviews and observations of employees and leaders at the Economic Bureau. The research results show that effective leadership styles, such as transformative and participative leadership, have a positive influence on employee motivation and performance. On the other hand, a high level of work discipline also has a positive impact on employee motivation and performance through creating a structured and supportive work environment. Employee motivation, as a mediator, plays an important role in linking leadership style, work discipline, and employee performance. This research provides valuable insight into the factors that influence employee performance in the Economic Bureau and their effectiveness on the effectiveness of economic management at the provincial level.

The purpose of this research is to determine the role of the Bappeda treasurer's decisions regarding overtime funds. This research uses qualitative methods with process analysis and inductive thinking related to the dynamics of the relationship between the symptoms studied, while still using scientific thinking. By using descriptive methods. The treasurer has the task of carrying out some of the secretary's duties within the scope of financial administration management. The role of the Treasurer or finance sub-division is very much needed in disbursing overtime funds. And these overtime funds are issued by fulfilling several conditions that have been written down.