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Character development is an important part of the learning process in AUD. The study was conducted using qualitative descriptive techniques with sources from interview results, documentation, and observation . The purpose of the study focused on the development of children's character through classroom management strategies located in Pertiwi DWP Kindergarten, Wonosobo Regency. The learning process is not limited to the level of knowledge, but is also optimal in conveying character values in AUD. The good or bad character-based classroom management has an impact on the effectiveness of character development carried out by teachers. The results of the study showed that teachers carried out classroom management strategies by setting class rules , building positive relationships , modeling good behavior, giving appreciation to children , carrying out reflection activities. Based on the results of the implementation of classroom management, teachers are able to develop positive characters, namely discipline, responsibility, empathy, honesty and self-confidence.

Environmental awareness is an effort to preserve, prevent damage to, and restore natural conditions. This attitude can be instilled through the integration of environmental values in science learning. The Science-Technology-Society (STS) approach is one effective method that fosters students' thinking skills and scientific literacy in line with technological and scientific developments. This study aims to determine whether environmental awareness in science subjects can be improved through the STS approach at MI Salamah in Jambi City, and to describe the implementation of the STS approach in enhancing environmental awareness in science subjects at the school. This research is a classroom action research using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, which consists of two cycles. Each cycle includes two meetings with four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research results show an increase in students' environmental awareness attitudes in both Cycle I and Cycle II. In Cycle I, the average score for environmental awareness attitudes rose from 60.10% to 76.63%, while in Cycle II, it increased more significantly from 88.58% to 92.6%. In addition, test results also showed a significant improvement in students' understanding of the material. The implementation of the Science-Technology-Society (STS) approach in enhancing environmental awareness in science subjects at MI Salamah has been effective. It was applied through experiential learning, discussions, and creative activities that actively involved students in understanding and applying environmental concepts.

This article discusses the learning strategies applied in developing the moral character of students through the Equivalency Education Programme as a solution to the limitations of formal education. Using a qualitative approach based on field research, this article examines the role of tutors in conveying moral values through lectures, discussions, question and answer sessions, and recitations. Psychological and socio-cultural approaches are employed to enhance the effectiveness of these strategies, supplemented by the application of habit formation, modelling, advice, and disciplinary measures. Findings indicate that the success of moral education in non-formal education pathways is influenced by the alignment of strategies with students' conditions, teachers' readiness, and curriculum flexibility. This article emphasises that character education can still be optimised outside the formal education system through structured and contextual strategies.

The integration of solar powered IoT irrigation systems in precision agriculture offers a sustainable solution to address water scarcity and enhance crop productivity. By leveraging real time data from soil sensors, weather APIs, and machine learning algorithms, these systems optimize irrigation schedules and improve water use efficiency. This research explores the potential of integrating renewable energy sources, such as solar power, with edge computing in smart irrigation systems to promote sustainable agricultural practices. The study aims to evaluate the performance of the proposed system in terms of water savings, crop yield, energy efficiency, and adaptability to varying climate conditions. Literature Review: Previous studies highlight the importance of smart irrigation systems in reducing water waste and improving crop yield through real time monitoring and automated decision making. However, existing systems often lack the integration of renewable energy and edge computing, which are critical for ensuring sustainability and operational efficiency in rural agricultural settings. The combination of renewable energy with IoT devices offers a promising solution to reduce energy costs and carbon emissions, while edge computing enhances real time data processing, ensuring prompt and accurate irrigation adjustments. Materials and Method: The proposed system integrates solar powered IoT devices, soil moisture sensors, weather data APIs, and edge computing devices to manage irrigation. Machine learning algorithms and evapotranspiration models are used to predict irrigation needs and optimize scheduling based on real time data. The system's performance is evaluated through metrics such as water savings percentage, crop yield improvements, and energy consumption, with a comparative analysis against traditional irrigation methods. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that the system successfully reduces water usage by 30% to 40%, increases crop yield by 25%, and operates with energy autonomy, powered entirely by solar energy. The system's adaptability to varying climate conditions ensures optimal crop growth, even under environmental stresses. The integration of renewable energy and edge computing significantly enhances the sustainability and efficiency of irrigation systems.

This community service program aimed to enhance the theological competence of novice catechists and community guides at Santo Krisologus BSB Parish Semarang, focusing on understanding and articulating Catholic Fundamental Beliefs, particularly the Credo. Based on observations from January-August 2024, a gap was identified between high enthusiasm for service and the competency readiness of novice faith proclaimers. The program employed an integrative methodological approach combining interactive lectures, question-and-answer sessions, and participatory observation, accompanied by multi-stage evaluation. Results showed significant improvements in participants' doctrinal understanding and pedagogical abilities, reflected in the quality of theological discussions and the formation of sustainable learning communities. The main challenge identified was the complexity of articulating Trinitarian dogma in contemporary pastoral contexts. This program produced a replicable catechist formation model while affirming the importance of an integrative approach in faith proclaimer development.

Revitalizing the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum is an important step towards improving the standard of Islamic Religious Education in line with contemporary demands. This research seeks to analyze the limitations of doctrinal methods and proposes a humanistic approach as a more appropriate alternative. Utilizing a literature review and qualitative methods, this article finds that the humanistic approach can effectively support the assimilation of values, encourage active engagement from students, and make learning more relevant and impactful. The development of Islamic Education curriculum through this humanistic approach paves the way for a more transformative model of Islamic Education that is in tune with students’ personal dimensions.    

This study investigates the impact of an adaptive learning system based on the flipped classroom model on the learning outcomes of ninth-grade students in Natural Sciences at SMP Negeri 3 Ma’rang. Using a quasi-experimental design, the research compared an experimental group employing adaptive flipped learning with a control group using conventional methods. The results showed a significant increase in posttest scores for the experimental group (mean = 84.83) compared to the control group (mean = 69.25). The adaptive learning model encouraged personalized learning experiences and fostered student engagement. The normalized gain (N-Gain) of 43.6% for the experimental group indicates high effectiveness of the method.

This study examines the strategic role of collaborative learning in strengthening students’ faith and character within the context of Christian Religious Education (CRE). In the face of globalization and the rapid development of digital technology, CRE is increasingly expected to go beyond the transmission of theological knowledge and actively nurture the application of Christian values in daily life. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research includes classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis involving both teachers and students engaged in collaborative learning. The results show that collaborative learning fosters active student engagement, character formation, improved social interaction, and a deeper understanding of spiritual values. Teachers are shown to play a critical role as facilitators, cultivating an inclusive and dialogical classroom environment. The study finds that this learning model effectively integrates faith development with critical thinking and interpersonal skills. The findings also underscore the importance of pedagogical innovation in CRE to better respond to the educational needs of a younger generation living in a diverse and digitally connected society. Therefore, collaborative learning can be viewed as a relevant and impactful strategy for renewing Christian education in today’s complex educational landscape.

This study addresses the development of Uno card-based learning media to support vocabulary acquisition among eighth-grade students. It focuses on two main issues: the effectiveness of the media in enhancing vocabulary comprehension and the challenges encountered during its development, particularly in relation to learning motivation. The primary goal is to evaluate the extent to which this media aids vocabulary learning and to identify any obstacles in the development process. The research follows the ADDIE model—Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. To ensure the validity of the learning media, expert validation was conducted by media, content, and educational professionals. Additionally, student questionnaires were distributed to assess the media’s effectiveness. The validation results showed that the content expert gave a score of 83%, the media expert 81%, and student responses reached 88%, indicating strong acceptance and usability. The effectiveness of the media was further supported by the pre-test and post-test results, with a Normalized Gain score of 61.01%, categorized as "effective." These findings suggest that Uno card-based media is both a valid and effective tool for vocabulary instruction in Arabic language learning at the junior high school level.

This study aims to identify challenges and formulate strategies for the implementation of professional competencies of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers based on artificial intelligence (AI) at the primary school level, with a focus on SD Negeri 071162 Esiwa. The background of this study begins with the increasing demands of the digital curriculum, while PAK teachers still face limitations in technological literacy, digital infrastructure, and the availability of contextualized Christian faith-based learning media. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, classroom observations, and documentation. The research subjects consisted of one principal and ten students in grades IV-VI. The results showed that low mastery of technology by teachers, limited digital devices, and lack of institutional support are the main obstacles in the integration of AI in PAK learning. However, AI has great potential to enhance students' learning experience spiritually and digitally through interactive, visual, and narrative Bible-based approaches. This research recommends spiritual technology-based teacher training, strengthening school infrastructure, developing contextualized teaching materials based on local culture, and collaboration between schools, churches, and Christian app developers. The findings contribute to the development of an adaptive, contextual, and transpersonal PAK learning model.

This research aims to explain how multiliteracy and community participation principles can be integrated into the assessment process to create a more inclusive learning space. Through a literature review approach, this article describes the conceptual framework and practical implications to be adopted in the context of induction education in higher education. The study's results, the first of which show that the multiliteracy approach opens up opportunities for learners to express their knowledge and understanding through various modalities. Second, community involvement in the assessment process through a community-based assessment model emphasizes the importance of the participation of multiple parties as partners in the observation and validation of learning outcomes. Third, the two can be integrated through participatory assessment strategies combining multiliteracy and democracy.  This research recommends that learners and stakeholders design and implement assessments that value diversity, participation, and creativity.

This study aims to analyze the concept of religious moderation based on the perspective of Surah Al-Baqarah verse 126 and Surah Ali-Imran verse 159, as well as its implementation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach with a library research method, the study collects data from tafsir books, scientific journals, academic articles, and previous research. The analysis shows that according to the interpretations of Ibn Kathir, Al-Qurthubi, and Al-Misbah, the values of religious moderation include love for the homeland, justice, gentleness, non-violence, and consultation. The implementation of these values in PAI is carried out theoretically through the integration of moderation values into the curriculum and practically through educators’ role modeling, habituation of values in the learning process, and supporting programs such as field studies and cultural festivals. Evaluation of this implementation is conducted through monitoring and instruments such as questionnaires and daily habit trackers. This study emphasizes the importance of religious education that not only focuses on cognitive aspects but also builds a moderate character within students. Thus, religious moderation can be sustainably instilled to shape an Indonesian society that is just, harmonious, and tolerant.

This study aims to determine the effect of contextual learning models on monopoly media on the learning outcomes of 4th grade elementary school social studies students in introducing countries in the world. The use of contextual learning models using monopoly media can improve students' social studies learning outcomes, because students gain knowledge by developing and finding their own thought patterns. Through this contextual learning approach, real activities are prioritized so that students can find concepts in learning materials and connect these concepts to students' real-world lives. The research method used is a qualitative research and development method. This research method was chosen to produce certain products and test the effectiveness of these products. Based on the results of the study and discussion, it can be concluded that the use of contextual learning models using monopoly media can improve students' social studies learning outcomes IV. In monopoly media, critical thinking skills are trained in recognizing various countries in the world. These results indicate that there is a difference in the effect of implementing monopoly media and simply explaining by the teacher on students' learning outcomes. The results of the study can be concluded that the use of appropriate learning media by paying attention to the material and objectives to be achieved in the learning process.

This study aims to determine the effect of Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model on the motivation and learning outcomes of grade X students in History subjects at MAN 3 Jombang. The background of this study is the low motivation of students to learn due to the use of conventional learning models that tend to make students passive, bored, and less interested. The TGT model is considered an alternative because it can increase students' active involvement in the learning process. This research used a quantitative approach with quasi experiment method. The research samples were students from class X-11, which was the experimental class, and X-15, which was the control class. Data collection techniques included questionnaires, tests, and documentation. Data analysis was done by prerequisite test (normality and homogeneity), Independent Sample t-Test test, and MANOVA test. The results showed that the TGT learning model had a significant effect on learning motivation, with the value of tcount (9.180) > ttable (2.022) and Sig. 0,000 < 0,05. In addition, TGT also has a significant effect on learning outcomes, with tcount (7.979) > ttable (2.022) and Sig. 0,000 < 0,05. Simultaneously, TGT affects student motivation and learning outcomes based on MANOVA test (Sig. 0.000 < 0.05).    

This study aims to improve the skills of third-grade elementary school students in learning the concept of measuring length and weight through the Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model. The research method used is classroom action research (CAR) based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, which involves four stages: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The study was conducted with 24 students from class III B at UPT SDN Latsari Tuban. Data collection techniques included observation, tests, and interviews. The research results show that the implementation of the TGT learning model can enhance students' understanding of the concepts of length and weight measurement. In addition, there was an increase in students' learning activity and motivation during mathematics lessons. Students became more enthusiastic, cooperative, and engaged in group activities, which contributed to better mastery of the material. Based on these findings, the TGT learning model is proven to be effective in improving mathematics learning outcomes, especially in the topic of Length and Weight Measurement for third-grade elementary school students.

Guided inquiry is recognized as an effective instructional model for Vocational High Schools (SMK), as it actively engages students in systematic exploration and investigation with teacher guidance. This study aims to address the problem of low student engagement and learning outcomes by implementing the guided inquiry model in classroom instruction. The research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design, conducted over two cycles, each comprising the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection.The participants consisted of 36 students from Class X of the Agribusiness for Food Crops and Horticulture (ATPH) program at SMK Negeri 1 Purwosari during the 2024/2025 academic year. Data collection instruments included student engagement observation sheets, evaluation tests, and documentation, with data analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods. The findings revealed that the guided inquiry model significantly improved both student engagement and learning outcomes in the topic of vegetative propagation. Student engagement increased from 32.81% in the pre-cycle to 70.49% in the first cycle and 84.72% in the second cycle. Similarly, the percentage of students achieving mastery in learning outcomes rose from 38.89% in the pre-cycle to 83.33% in the first cycle and reached 100% in the second cycle.

This study explores the implementation of Lesson Study within the teaching practicum (PPL) program to enhance student engagement, learning outcomes, and the teaching competencies of pre-service teachers. Employing a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach, the research was conducted in three cycles involving second-grade students at UPT SD Negeri Latsari. Each cycle consisted of the Lesson Study stages: planning, execution, and reflection. The findings indicate significant improvements in all targeted areas. Student engagement showed a steady increase, starting from 63% in Cycle 1 and reaching 91% in Cycle 3, supported by interactive strategies such as group worksheets, flipbook media, and the Team Games Tournament (TGT) model. Correspondingly, learning outcomes improved, with average test scores rising from 68.2 in Cycle 1 to 83.7 in Cycle 3. Furthermore, pre-service teachers demonstrated notable development in key teaching competencies, particularly in lesson planning, classroom management, and reflective practices. Overall, the study underscores the effectiveness of Lesson Study in promoting collaborative teaching practices, improving the quality of instruction, and fostering professional growth among pre-service teachers. The integration of innovative and interactive learning strategies within the Lesson Study framework contributed significantly to creating a more engaging and impactful learning environment for students.

This study examines the implementation of Hablum Minal Alam (human-nature relationship) learning in fostering environmentally conscious behavior at MI Bukit Pelangi Nature School in Karanganyar, Pekalongan. Using a qualitative approach, this research explores how Islamic values are integrated into an environmentally-focused curriculum based on direct experience with nature. The findings show that MI Bukit Pelangi effectively implements a contextual learning approach through activities such as farming, ecosystem observation, eco-brick projects, and nature reflection sessions. The curriculum combines the national "Merdeka Curriculum" with local contextualization and experiential learning methods. The study reveals that nature-based Islamic education successfully nurtures ecological awareness and environmental behavior through six core values: environmental consciousness, resource management, cultivation activities, gratitude for nature, stewardship responsibility, and experiential learning. This educational model offers potential as a sustainable environmental education framework that integrates spiritual values with ecological responsibility.

The elderly period carries a negative perception because it is considered one of the vulnerable groups in society. They often experience changes in physical health, reduced social support, and the possibility of decreased quality of life. In this case, empowerment of the elderly is important to improve the quality of life and achieve successful aging, as is the empowerment carried out for the elderly at the Al-Falah Health Post Dompet Dhuafa. This study aims to determine what empowerment model is carried out at the Al-Falah Health Post and what programs are carried out in achieving successful aging for the elderly at the Al-Falah Health Post as well as the obstacles and what efforts are made to overcome these obstacles. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection was carried out by interviews, observations, and documentation. And the determination of informants used purposive sampling. The results of this study show a picture of empowerment at the AL-Falah Health Post involving various training for elderly cadres, the achievement of successful aging in the elderly at the Al-Falah Health Post in the forms of achievements include: a) minimizing and low risk of disease, the elderly have awareness and commitment to maintain their health, b) physical and cognitive function that is still maximal allows the elderly to continue learning, maintain physical and mental health, and increase their independence in everyday life, c) social relationships in life at the Al-Falah Health Post create an environment that supports active and beneficial social relationships.  

Scientific argumentation skills are high-level thinking skills that are very important for students to have in the learning process, especially in 21st century education that shapes students to argue and shape students into individuals who are able to think critically. However, based on the results of observations, students are still not active in conveying their arguments and critical thinking. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between scientific argumentation skills and critical thinking skills through the VAK (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic) learning model on cell material. The method used in this study is the correlational method with an ex post facto research design using 1 experimental class with a research sample of 30 students. The instruments used are 15 essay questions for both scientific argumentation skills and critical thinking skills. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel and data analysis techniques using the t-test. The results of the analysis through the posttest on students' scientific argumentation skills are in the form of an average value of 47.5, while the average value of critical thinking skills is 47.6, with the results of the t-test being 2.08> 1.69, which means that tcount> ttable, namely H0 is rejected. The results of the hypothesis test show a significant relationship between scientific argumentation skills and critical thinking skills using the VAK (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic) learning model on cell material.