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Office management is a key component in ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of administrative services in both public and educational institutions. The increasing demands for service speed, accuracy, transparency, and professionalism necessitate an integrated and adaptive office management system. This study aims to explore how office management contributes to enhancing administrative service quality through a library research approach. Data were obtained from academic journals, theses, institutional reports, and theoretical literature. The analysis reveals that effective office management encompasses structured planning, proper document management, digital information systems, and staff competency development, all of which contribute significantly to improved service quality. Moreover, standard operating procedures and the integration of manual and digital systems enhance consistency and service reliability. The study supports the theoretical proposition that office management functions planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling are directly correlated with administrative performance indicators. Practical implications include the urgency of digitizing records, implementing standardized workflows, and continuously training administrative personnel. Limitations of this research lie in its purely conceptual and literature-based nature, thus future studies are recommended to adopt empirical or mixed methods approaches for broader generalizability. These findings reaffirm the importance of repositioning office management from a support function to a strategic pillar in administrative service improvement efforts.

Psychological tests are important tools used to uncover various aspects of an individual's personality according to the needs of psychological assessment. One widely used form of psychological testing is the personality test, which is generally divided into two main types: objective and projective. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of both types of tests in uncovering aspects of an individual's personality by comparing their respective advantages and disadvantages. The research method used was a qualitative method with a literature review approach, namely through a review of various scientific articles, research journals, and relevant literature sources discussing the use of objective and projective personality tests. The results show that each type of test has distinct characteristics and functions. Objective tests are considered more reliable, efficient, and easy to interpret, while projective tests provide a more in-depth picture of an individual's personality dynamics but require more subjective interpretation. Furthermore, this study also analyzes the ideal conditions and timing for use of both types of tests and presents case studies of the application of each test in the context of psychological assessment.

This study aims to explore the benefits of the accounting information system used in the drug purchasing process at the Ridos Inpatient Pratama Clinic, as well as to disseminate the internal control system used in the system, the accounting information system in drug purchases functions by managing purchase transaction data, recording, reporting drugs and internal control of drug purchases that control and control drug purchases. Data collection was carried out using a qualitative descriptive approach method, namely, interviews, observations, and collecting supporting evidence. From the results of this study, the accounting information system implemented is quite good. However, the system used does not optimally support internal control, strengthening internal policies and staff training is needed to improve the effectiveness of internal control of the drug purchase accounting information system.

This study aims to examine the existence of the Church in the context of salvation history from the perspective of systematic theology, focusing on the role and vocation of the ecclesia as the community of God's people. The background of this study departs from the belief that the Church is not just a religious institution, but has an existential and historical basis in God's saving work. The Church acts as an extension of Christ's mission which is continued in the power of the Holy Spirit. In this research, the author uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The data sources consist of the Holy Bible, theological books related to the title, as well as relevant theological journal articles. This research was conducted to understand the relationship between the Church's identity and its participation in salvation history, both dogmatically and functionally. The results show that the Church is called to be an active witness in the work of salvation, by carrying out prophetic, liturgical, and social functions. As an ecclesia, the Church is not just a collection of individual believers, but a community that lives in relationship with Christ as the Head. The discussion emphasizes that the Church has a mandate to live in unity, holiness, catholicity, and apostolate, all of which are rooted in God's grace. In conclusion, the existence of the Church in salvation history is eschatological and missionary. The Church is called to be a sign and means of salvation, and to take part in the salvation of the world.

Mathematics learning does not only focus on students' mastery of numbers, but also functions significantly in developing the ability to solve problems holistically. This skill is not something that is taught separately, but is integrated into the entire educational process, offering a real context so that mathematical concepts and abilities can be understood and applied. One approach that is highly recommended to achieve this is Problem Based Learning (PBL). This method has been proven effective in improving students' critical thinking skills through exploration and solving relevant problems, allowing students' knowledge to grow in a constructive way. The low achievement in problem-solving competency in Indonesia is a strong reason to apply PBL in mathematics teaching. This study aims to analyze the literature on the application of PBL to improve students' problem-solving abilities. Data were collected and analyzed from relevant journals, and testing and comparison of results were carried out to identify patterns and results from previous studies. In addition, this study also applies a bibliometric approach to explore publication trends, keywords, and the development of themes related to PBL in mathematics education. The analysis was carried out using VOSviewer software to map the relationship between topics and the progress of PBL research themes in the world of mathematics education.

Slang as an informal language variety has an important role in forming and reflecting the social identity of a group. This study discusses the function of primary slang as a reflection of friendship in an American teen comedy movie entitled Incoming released in 2024. This study aims to identify the form  of primary slangs used in the movie and analyze their functions in reflecting social relations between characters. The method used is descriptive qualitative with documentation techniques. Data are analyzed based on the context of conversations between characters in the movie with an emphasis on the social meaning in the use of primary slang based on the theory of Allan & Burridge (2006). Based on seven functions of slang, there are four functions identified in the analysis, consists of:  to initiate relaxed conversation, to adress, to reveal anger, and to show intimacy. Among the four functions, to initiate relaxed conversation is the most dominant function that appears. This shows that slang is widely used to maintain relaxed, familiar, and humorous interactions between friendly characters. On the other hand, the functions to express impressions, to humuliate, and to form intimate atmosphere were not found in the analyzed data.

This study aims to describe the role and variation of Indonesian language used in various communication contexts. The focus of the study is how Indonesian language functions as an efficient communication medium and how language variation is adjusted to conditions, goals, and conversation partners. This study applies a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and documentation methods as a means of data collection. Data sources are obtained from language use in educational environments, mass media, and the wider community. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian language has instrumental, regulatory, interactional, personal, heuristic, imaginative, and representational functions. In addition, the language variations found include formal, non-formal, spoken, and written variations, each of which is applied according to the social and situational context. These findings show how important it is to understand the function and variation of language in improving language competence appropriately and effectively.

This study aims to analyze the psychological dynamics of the character Alie in the novel Rumah untuk Alie by Lenn Liu using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic approach. The focus of the study lies in identifying and interpreting the personality structures of id, ego, and superego, as well as the ego defense mechanisms that emerge as responses to trauma and violence within the family environment. The research method employed is qualitative descriptive, utilizing content analysis techniques on the narrative, dialogue, and monologue of the main character. The results indicate that Alie’s id is manifested in a deep longing for love and protection, the ego functions in adapting and adjusting to the reality of a rejecting family, while the superego is reflected through feelings of guilt and a tendency to accept mistreatment as a form of self-punishment. These findings confirm that traumatic experiences and family pressures significantly influence the development of personality and mental health of the character. This study also highlights the relevance of literary psychology in revealing psychological issues faced by contemporary Indonesian society through literary works.

Academic supervision is a crucial aspect of Islamic education management that plays a strategic role in enhancing the quality of curriculum implementation. This study aims to analyze the role of academic supervision in strengthening curriculum execution within Islamic educational institutions. The method employed is a qualitative literature review, examining various scholarly sources related to academic supervision and curriculum implementation in the context of Islamic education. The findings indicate that academic supervision functions not only as a monitoring mechanism but also as a process for professional development of teachers and adaptation of the curriculum to Islamic values. Systematic and collaborative supervision enhances teachers’ motivation and competence while ensuring the curriculum’s relevance to students’ needs and local contexts. The implications of this study underscore the importance of reinforcing academic supervision as a fundamental pillar in adaptive and sustainable Islamic education management, capable of addressing contemporary challenges without compromising religious values.

This study explores the use of referential expressions in six selected songs from NIKI Zefanya’s 2024 album Buzz. Using a qualitative descriptive method and Halliday and Hasan’s theory of reference, the research aims to identify the types of referential expressions used in the lyrics and analyze their contribution to meaning and emotional impact. The findings reveal a total of 74 referential expressions, consisting of 53 personal references, 9 demonstrative references, and 12 comparative references. Personal references, such as I, you, and my, are the most dominant and function to express intimacy, personal emotion, and connection with the listener. Demonstrative references, like this and that, help point to emotional states or symbolic meanings. Comparative references, including like, better, and too much, are used to express metaphor, contrast, or emotional intensity. The study concludes that referential expressions not only serve grammatical functions but also shape how meaning is constructed in song lyrics. These expressions enhance narrative clarity, emotional depth, and listener engagement, showing that even small linguistic choices can have a strong impact on how music is experienced and understood.

The concept of sustainable living has increasingly influenced daily life, with communities adopting healthy habits, eco-friendly actions, and paperless practices. Lyfe With Less is one community actively promoting sustainability through the #SalingSilang campaign. This study analyzes their communication strategies to encourage sustainable lifestyles via social media. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through digital searches and observation. Findings reveal that social media functions as both an educational platform and a catalyst for social change. A multi-platform strategy ensures broad information dissemination, while exclusive memberships, such as those on Telegram, support deeper community engagement. Programs like the #SalingSilang Free Market and #BersalingSilang offer sustainable consumption alternatives. In 2024, 1,588 second-hand items were exchanged in Bandung, and 3,305 people participated in events across multiple cities. Innovations such as the Sustainable Journey Passport and subsidized shipping fees for online trades enhance public participation. Through these initiatives, Lyfe With Less has built a communication ecosystem that fosters minimalist and environmentally conscious lifestyles. Their approach effectively reduces overconsumption, raises waste management awareness, and demonstrates how social media can be a powerful tool for promoting sustainability.

Lung health plays a vital role in maintaining individual productivity and metabolic functions, especially in adults. Early detection of pulmonary function decline is essential, as respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma often develop insidiously. This community service program aimed to conduct early screening of lung function using spirometry in Grogol Subdistrict, West Jakarta, targeting the productive-age population. The activity followed a Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, beginning with public education and proceeding to spirometry tests, result evaluations, and follow-up medical advice. A total of 71 participants were involved, with a mean age of 43.6 years. The average spirometric values were: Vital Capacity (VC) 2.32 L, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) 2.09 L, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) 1.95 L, and FEV1/FVC ratio of 92.14%. Most participants (98.6%) were categorized as "normal/at risk", with only 1.4% suspected of having a pulmonary disorder. These findings underscore the importance of routine lung health monitoring in asymptomatic individuals. Through early screening and health education, this program contributes to increasing public awareness of respiratory health, promoting preventive strategies, and potentially reducing the burden of chronic lung diseases in the long term.   Keywords: Lung Function, Spirometry, Early Detection, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Health Screening

This study discusses the role of Pancasila as the foundational and ideological basis of the Indonesian state in the context of international diplomacy, as well as its implications for the formation of national law and foreign policy. Pancasila functions not only as a normative foundation but also as a form of soft power that supports Indonesia's position in the global arena. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, drawing from journals, books, and relevant legal documents. The findings indicate that Pancasila influences Indonesia’s foreign diplomacy through core values such as social justice, deliberation, and humanity. However, challenges remain in its implementation, particularly in maintaining consistency between Pancasila’s values and global as well as national interests. In the context of international law, Pancasila as a legal ideal (rechtsidee) contributes to the development of a just, inclusive, and tolerant legal system. Therefore, revitalizing the understanding of Pancasila is crucial to ensure it remains a central guideline in every foreign policy decision and national legal development in Indonesia.

The State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) is a fundamental fiscal policy instrument for realizing national development and public welfare. This study aims to analyze the correlation between APBN management and Indonesia’s economic growth, focusing on the effectiveness of government spending and oversight of budget misappropriations. Based on the 2023 audit report by the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK), financial losses due to APBN mismanagement reached IDR 8.2 trillion, highlighting the weakness in financial oversight and transparency. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores the significance of budget efficiency and the implementation of APBN’s fiscal functions in supporting macroeconomic stability. The findings suggest that government spending significantly influences economic growth, yet its effectiveness is heavily dependent on robust monitoring systems and sound fiscal strategies. Therefore, strengthening fiscal transparency and supervision is crucial to prevent state losses and promote equitable development.

SMK TPI Gedangan Sidoarjo is one of the private high schools in Sidoarjo that offers 3 expertise programs, namely Mechanical Engineering, Automotive Light Vehicle Engineering, and Software Engineering (RPL). These programs are designed to equip students with practical skills that are in accordance with the needs of industry and the world of work. With the vision of the school is to produce middle-class workers who are ready to enter society, industry, and become independent entrepreneurs, have a global perspective, have noble character, and can apply themselves. On the other hand, many vocational schools have not provided systematic guidance or practical curriculum on the use of various types of social media for business promotion purposes. In order to improve the quality of students, 28 students were sent to learn about how to promote MSME products through social media. This training aims to explore how vocational schools can effectively utilize social media to promote their MSME products by recognizing the differences in characteristics and functions of each platform. With this approach, patterns of social media usage that are right on target can be found as well as training or mentoring strategies that are in accordance with student needs. The results of this training can be a reference for developing relevant and applicable digital marketing learning modules in the vocational high school environment. The results of participant feedback at the end of the training showed that 91% of students could understand the material provided and the trainer could provide effective UMKM product promotion solutions according to the current needs of students.

This study aims to analyze and describe the effectiveness of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) management, as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in Negeri Amahusu, Nusaniwe District, Ambon City. The research employs a qualitative method with in-depth interview techniques for data collection.Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the management of Village Fund Allocation (ADD) in Negeri Amahusu is transparent, but community participation needs to be improved through more effective socialization and communication. The use of ADD aligns with the planned budget, yet challenges persist in fund disbursement and transparency in proposal acceptance. Financial administration is carried out accountably, despite encountering technical difficulties in transaction recording. The capacity of village officials still requires improvement, particularly in understanding updated regulations and financial reporting. Community participation is relatively high in village meetings and mutual cooperation activities, although material contributions remain limited. Coordination between institutions functions effectively, yet formal communication must be enhanced to ensure clearer information dissemination and greater community involvement.  

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of local revenue realization, particularly Regional Original Revenue (PAD), in supporting regional development programs. PAD serves as a vital indicator of fiscal independence and a primary funding source for sustainable development efforts. However, many regions still face significant challenges in optimizing PAD potential. Gaps between revenue targets and actual realization, weak retribution management, low taxpayer compliance, and poor inter-agency data integration are major obstacles to effectiveness. This study utilizes a descriptive method rooted in qualitative analysis by examining existing literature and secondary data analysis from credible sources. The findings indicate that PAD effectiveness strongly influences a region's fiscal capacity to implement development functions, especially in public service and infrastructure sectors. Therefore, policy reform, strengthening of revenue collection systems, and improvement of human resource capacity are critical strategies to achieve fiscal autonomy and sustainable regional development. The integration of religious values into strategies for optimizing local revenue (PAD) can also enhance tax awareness through spiritual and social approaches, strengthen public trust in the government, and foster development that is not only materially oriented but also grounded in ethics and social justice.

Interlocutory decisions and final decisions are two forms of court decisions that have strategic functions in ensuring the application of the principles of procedural justice. In Indonesian judicial practice, procedural irregularities, norm inconsistencies, and lack of transparency often occur which hinder the achievement of legal justice. This research aims to analyze the role and position of interlocutory decisions and final decisions in the Indonesian judicial system, and identify normative and practical obstacles faced in their implementation. The type of research used is normative juridical with conceptual and statutory approaches. The results showed that regulatory weaknesses, low quality of judicial consideration, and limited access to information were the main obstacles in realizing procedural justice. Therefore, it is recommended to harmonize procedural laws, increase the capacity of judges, and digitize open decisions to ensure effective, transparent, and dignified justice in the national justice system.

Surabaya known as the City of Heroes, has various historical buildings scattered in strategic areas, one of which is in Kota Lama Surabaya. The existence of these buildings has been designated as cultural heritage that must be preserved in order to maintain the historical value and identity of the city. However, the implementation of preservation still encounters various obstacles, especially in technical and administrative aspects, as well as the lack of public understanding of the importance of preservation. This research aims to describe the implementation of Surabaya City Regional Regulation Number 1 Year 2024 on the Preservation and Management of Cultural Heritage, with a focus on De Javasche Bank Museum as the object of research. Researchers used descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, field observations, documentation, and review of policy documents. The implementation theory of Ripley and Franklin was used as an analytical knife that includes three indicators, namely the level of compliance with regulations, the smooth routine of functions and coordination between implementers, and the realization of the desired performance and impact. The results show that the implementation of the local regulation has shown progress at the institutional level through coordination across Regional Apparatus Organizations and the implementation of SOPs by museum managers. However, there are still obstacles such as the lack of optimal human resources experts, weak administrative coordination, and the absence of a special management institution. Positive impacts such as increased visitation and community involvement are starting to be seen, but the overall effectiveness of implementation still requires strengthening in various sectors to ensure the sustainability of inclusive preservation.

This study analyzes the pragmatic aspects in the subtitle translation of Mean Girls (2004) from English to Indonesian, focusing on speech acts, implicatures, and politeness strategies. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation and recording of film dialogues, then analyzed based on pragmatic theory. The results show that the functions and intentions of speech acts are generally maintained in the translation, although there is a softening of intensity or nuance to fit the norms of Indonesian politeness. In terms of implicature, there is a shift or loss of implied meaning, especially in expressions of humor, irony, and cultural idioms that are difficult to translate directly. Politeness strategies in the original version that tend to be frontal and explicit are often mitigated in translation to conform to Indonesian communication norms that prioritize social harmony. The findings emphasize the importance of cultural sensitivity and pragmatic context understanding in audiovisual translation to effectively convey the meaning and nuances of intercultural communication.