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Mental health issues among vocational high school (SMK) students are becoming increasingly concerning, affecting their academic performance and overall well-being. This study explores the role of linguistic approaches and language counseling in improving students' mental health at SMK An Naas Binjai. The research employs a qualitative method, incorporating interviews, observations, and document analysis to understand how language influences students’ emotional expression, stress management, and social interactions. Findings indicate that a structured linguistic approach, including expressive writing, guided discussions, and positive communication strategies, helps students articulate their emotions better and develop coping mechanisms. Additionally, language counseling, which integrates psychological support with effective communication techniques, enables students to express their feelings constructively, reducing anxiety and enhancing self-confidence. The study highlights the importance of integrating language-based mental health interventions into the school curriculum to create a supportive learning environment. This research suggests that teachers and counselors should be trained in linguistics-based counseling techniques to provide more effective emotional support. Schools should also incorporate structured language activities that encourage open communication and emotional resilience. The findings contribute to the growing discourse on educational psychology by emphasizing the intersection of language, counseling, and mental health in vocational education settings.

This research aims to determine the effect of using biochar and guano fertilizer on the growth and resistance of pakcoy to drought stress and it is hoped that this research will add information for the development of pakcoy plant cultivation techniques that are more adaptive to dry land. The method used in this research was a 2 factorial completely randomized plan. The first factor is providing Biochar (B) which consists of 4 levels: B0= Control 0 tons/ha, B2= Biochar 5 tons/ha, B3= Biochar 10 tons/ha, B4= Biochar 15 tons/ha. The second factor is the application of Guano fertilizer (G) which consists of 4 levels: G0= control 0 tons/ha, G2= Guano 5 tons/ha, G3= Guano 10 tons/ha, G4= Guano 15 tons/ha. . Based on the level of treatment used, 16 combinations were obtained, BOGO, BOG2, BOG3, BOG4, B2GO, B2G2, B2G3, B2G4, B3GO, B3G2, B3G3, B3G4, B4GO, B4G2, B4G3, B4G4, which were repeated 3 times so that there were 48 experimental units. The parameters observed include plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter. The results of the research showed that there was an interaction between plant height at 7 dap, 14 dap, 21 dap, 28 dap, number of leaves at 7 dap, 14 dap, 21 dap and stem diameter at 14 dap and 28 dap. Treatment with biochar rates of 10 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha and guano fertilizer 10 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha gave good growth results in plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter. This combination of two treatments can increase the efficiency of good nutrient uptake for optimal vegetative plant growth and can increase the soil's capacity to retain air and nutrients, while guano fertilizer provides essential nutrients that support the development of pak choy plants.

Social media provides various ways of communicating that are short but easy to understand and very fast in the global, this allows students of SMA Muhammadiyah Maumere to easily connect with peers and family in various parts of the world easily. This study shows that there are still many shortcomings in understanding the negative impacts of social media use, such as reduced family interaction and increased risk of negative behavior among the younger generation. Therefore, research using a systematic approach in reviewing the literature needs to be focused on identifying effective strategies to overcome the negative impacts of social media, as well as exploring the potential of social media as a positive tool to strengthen interpersonal relationships among the Generation. The main objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the influence of social media on communication patterns and social relationships of the Generation, as well as identify strategies that can help them manage their use of social media in a healthier and more productive way. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive research type. The findings are that most teenagers at SMA Muhammadiyah Maumere have Facebook, WhatsApp, Messenger, Instagram and online game accounts to interact and communicate with others. The use of social media as a place to find friends and information. One form of media from social media is the formation of networks between teenagers. The network that is built does not only expand friendships or followers in cyberspace, but must also be built with interactions between teenagers. Interactions that occur on social media are in the form of commenting on each other or giving likes. The implications of the research are that social media can have positive and negative effects.or giving likes. The implications of the study are that social media can have positive and negative effects.

This research analyzes the effectiveness of Wismilak Diplomat's sponsorship of the 2024 Presidential Cup Sapi Sono and Karapan Sapi cultural events as a marketing strategy to increase brand awareness and brand image in Madura. Using qualitative methods with a case study approach, this research examines the impact of sponsorship on audience engagement and brand perception through branding elements, interactive activities and digital media. The research results show that culture-based sponsorship has a positive impact on brand awareness and image, especially through direct interaction with the audience and broad media exposure. However, there are challenges in optimizing digital media and the effectiveness of branding elements at event locations. Therefore, more adaptive and innovative sponsorship strategies are needed to increase the impact of culture-based marketing in the future.

Biochemical toxicology studies are disciplines that study the impact of toxic compounds on biochemical processes in the human body. Toxic compounds, whether from the environment, industrial chemicals, drugs, or natural products, can interfere with cellular metabolic mechanisms and potentially cause damage to organs or body systems. This study aims to analyze how toxic compounds interact with biomolecules, such as proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids, which play a role in cellular metabolic processes. Disruption of metabolic enzymes can affect key metabolic pathways, such as energy synthesis, detoxification, and homeostasis regulation. These toxic impacts can contribute to the development of acute and chronic diseases, including liver, kidney, nervous system disorders, and cancer. In this study, we also discuss the detoxification mechanisms involving enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and glutathione-S-transferase in reducing the toxic effects of these compounds. A deeper understanding of toxic interactions and their impact on cellular metabolism is essential in developing preventive and therapeutic strategies for poisoning or toxicity-related diseases. This research is expected to provide insight into the development of more effective drugs and medical approaches in overcoming the effects of toxic toxins on humans.

The proliferation of network information algorithms (NIAs) in contemporary society has sparked significant ethical concerns regarding their societal impact. This study investigates the influence of NIAs on social interactions, decision-making processes, and the perpetuation of structural biases through a multidisciplinary perspective (Ananny, 2023). The findings reveal that while NIAs enhance operational efficiency across various domains, they also introduce ethical challenges, including privacy infringements, systemic inequities, and algorithmic opacity, which threaten social justice. Employing Ananny’s (2023) conceptual framework—which categorizes NIAs into three dimensions: encounters, observation, and probability/temporality—this research deconstructs the operational mechanisms of these algorithms. The analysis demonstrates that NIAs not only replicate historical biases but also engender new forms of discrimination through ostensibly neutral predictive processes. For example, algorithm-driven recruitment systems may perpetuate gender disparities if their training data reflects prior discriminatory practices (Crawford, 2021). This study underscores the inextricable link between technological ethics and societal context, arguing that an overreliance on algorithmic systems risks undermining human autonomy (Zuboff, 2019). The originality of this research lies in its integration of computational ethics theory with empirical case studies, such as the deployment of NIAs in mass surveillance, where privacy is often compromised in pursuit of perceived security. To ensure academic rigor, the arguments are developed through a critical comparison with prior research (e.g., Mittelstadt et al., 2016), while avoiding redundancy in phrasing or structure. Scholars such as Floridi (2019) emphasize the necessity of algorithmic transparency in regulatory frameworks. However, critics like Noble (2018) argue that technical solutions alone are inadequate; structural reforms in data governance and corporate accountability are essential to mitigate the misuse of NIAs. In response, this study proposes an ethical framework that not only addresses technical risk mitigation but also incorporates civic participation in algorithmic decision-making processes. The ethical implications of NIAs necessitate a holistic approach that integrates principles of data justice, independent algorithmic auditing, and public digital literacy. Future research should explore inclusive models of algorithmic governance, particularly in developing nations where regulatory frameworks often lag behind technological advancements. This study concludes with a reflective inquiry: How can algorithmic accountability be ensured if developers lack transparency regarding data sources and programming logic? By addressing these questions, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the ethical governance of NIAs and their societal implications.

The Clash of Champions educational competition program by Ruangguru not only offered academic challenges but also provided a high level of verbal interaction, particularly in the use of expressive speech. This study aims to analyze the use of expressive speech in the program, focusing on episodes one to five. Expressive speech refers to utterances that convey the speaker's emotions, such as praise, gratitude, or apologies. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive, utilizing a data-collection technique based on assent with a derivative of participant observation. Data analysis is conducted using the pragmatic method to identify the types of expressive speech present. The study also used pragmatic approaches to describe the speech of others as well as that of expressive speech. The study indicates that there are eight types of expressive speech, including acts of flattery, praise, gratitude, belittlement, guilt, complaint, and apology. Flattering speech is found to be the most dominant, providing emotional support for the competition participants. It is hoped that this study will contribute to a better understanding of language use in educational and competitive contexts, fostering a positive and supportive atmosphere in the learning process.

This study aims to assess the optimization of organic fertilizer in plant growth kale (Ipomea sp.) using a hydroponic system. The research method used is a complete random design of 2 factorial. The first factor is the concentration of POC which consists of 3 levels of treatment, namely K1 = 100 ml POC + 1 L of water. K2 = 200 ml of POC + 2 L of water. K3= 300 ml of POC + 3 L of water. The second factor is the frequency of administration of POC (W) which consists of 3 levels of treatment W1 = every 2 days W2 = every 4 days, W3 = every 6 days. So there are 9 combinations, namely: K1W1, K1W2, K1W3, K2W1, K2W2, K2W3, K3W1, K3W2, K3W3 between treatments with repeated 3 times so that a total of 27 trials. The measured parameters include temperature, plant height, number of leaves and Root Length. The results showed that the interaction occurred at the final temperature, plant height: 21 HST 28 HST, number of leaves: 7 HST, 14 HST ,21 HST and 28 HST and Root Length. The frequency of POC using banana stems with a time of 2 days was able to increase, plant height 21 HST, 28 HST, number of leaves 7 HST,14 HST,21 HST,28 HST, Root Length, while at a frequency of 4 days was able to increase the growth of kale plants in the late afternoon temperature parameters. At a frequency treatment once every 6 days is able to increase the final temperature. Concentration of POC using banana stem with a dose of 100 ml POC +1 L of Water, able to increase plant height 21 HST and 28 HST, the number of leaves 7 HST, 14 HST,21 HST,28 HST, Root Length. This research is expected to contribute to sustainable agricultural practices and the development of efficient hydroponic systems.

This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the dynamics of social interaction of prisoners in the Class II B Detention Center of Serang City, Banten Province. The focus of the research is the pattern of relationships between prisoners as well as interactions between prisoners and detention officers that affect social life in the environment. The purpose of this study is to identify the associative and dissociative processes that occur among prisoners and explore the factors that influence the pattern of social interaction in detention centers. The research methodology used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. This approach allows in-depth exploration of complex social dynamics in closed environments such as prisons. The results show that social interactions between prisoners include associative processes, such as cooperation in daily activities, and dissociative processes, such as competition and conflict triggered by limited resources and social hierarchy. In addition, interactions between prisoners and officers often vary, ranging from formal relationships in coaching activities to informal relationships that are emotional in nature. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the pattern of social interaction in detention centers is strongly influenced by the social background of prisoners, family support, and the existing hierarchical structure. This research provides recommendations for the management of detention centers that are more inclusive and support the rehabilitation process of prisoners.

This study aims to analyze the variable contribution of the interaction of monetary policy variables (COURSE, GDP, INFLATION, CONSUMPTION and INTEREST). This study uses secondary data or time series from the first quarter of 2014 to the first quarter of 2024. The data analysis model in this study is the Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model and sharpened with Impulse Response Function (IRF) and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) analysis. The results of the SVAR analysis show that the past variable (t-1) contributes to the current variable both to itself and other variables and from the estimation results it turns out that there is a reciprocal relationship between variables where all variables, namely monetary policy variables (GDP, INFLATION, CURRENCY, CONSUMPTION and INTEREST) contribute to each other.

Nucleic acids play a vital role in the process of protein synthesis, which is the core of genetic regulation in cells. This process involves a complex mechanism of DNA, RNA, and ribosomes working in a coordinated manner. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) functions as a genetic blueprint that stores information for protein synthesis. Through the process of transcription, DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (ribonucleic acid) (mRNA) in the cell nucleus. mRNA carries the genetic code to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes act as translation centers. Ribosomes, together with transfer RNA (tRNA), read the codon sequence on mRNA to determine the sequence of amino acids that will be assembled into polypeptides. This process, called translation, involves complex interactions between mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes to ensure that the resulting protein is in accordance with genetic instructions. In addition, the role of non-coding RNA, such as microRNA and riboswitches, is also important in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. A deep understanding of the mechanisms of DNA, RNA, and ribosomes has opened up great opportunities in biotechnology and medicine, such as gene therapy and RNA-based drug development. Thus, the analysis of the role of nucleic acids becomes an important foundation in the exploration of molecular biology and genetics.

The advancement of science and technology has significantly impacted the education sector. Quantum Teaching and Quantum Learning emerge as innovative approaches that optimize teacher-student interactions to create effective learning experiences. Quantum Learning emphasizes enjoyable learning, while Quantum Teaching focuses on teaching strategies that build student motivation through suggestive approaches. These methods are developed from various theories, such as Suggestology, Accelerated Learning, and Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP). Research findings indicate that implementing Quantum Teaching and Quantum Learning enhances learning motivation, creativity, and academic performance. Therefore, these methods are highly relevant for educational systems to foster a more interactive and enjoyable learning environment.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether digital marketing media can influence consumer interaction with the Shopee marketplace. Online communication and sales are new things in the realm of marketing thanks to the rapid development of technology that allows individuals to make transactions through digital platforms. Currently, buying and selling transactions in the marketplace are in great demand and are popular with the public. One of the applications most often used by the public is Shopee. By using a digital marketing strategy in the Shopee marketplace, selling products without having to meet face to face with consumers becomes very easy. Business actors also try to apply efficient tactics to influence the level of consumer buying interest. In this study, the researcher applied a qualitative method that was explained descriptively by utilizing books, websites, and related journals. The quality and unique characteristics of the products being promoted  

This study discusses the implementation of the inclusive education model in physical education for children with special needs (ABK) in elementary schools. The research method used is a case study with observations and interviews with teachers and students. The results of the study show that an inclusive approach in physical education helps improve social interaction, self-confidence, and motor skills of ABK. These findings emphasize the importance of adaptation strategies in physical learning for students with special needs.

The learning process of physical education is similar to the learning process of other lessons, where there is interaction in the learning and also a change in attitude for the better. Facilities are all facilities needed for the teaching and learning process, both indoors and outdoors, so that the objectives of this learning research are achieved properly, organized, efficient, and effective. Educational infrastructure is a number of facilities that indirectly facilitate, such as school yards, gardens, and roads leading to school. This research aims to find out and examine how PJOK facilities and infrastructure in State Elementary Schools in Purwosari District, Pasuruan Regency. The data collected through interviews and observations were then analyzed through descriptive quantitative data processing using Microsoft Excel. The determination of the sample was carried out using the Slovin formula with a predetermined error rate of 20%, so the total sample was obtained from 14 State Elementary Schools. The results of the study showed that the existence, condition and ownership status of physical education, sports and health facilities in State Elementary Schools in Purwosari District were in category E with an average overall percentage of 42%. For infrastructure in category E with a percentage of 28.5% feasible, This shows that there are still many facilities that do not meet the requirements and completeness. Based on these results, the researcher suggested that there is a need for accuracy in the distribution of funds for facilities and infrastructure so that the existing facilities and infrastructure meet the standards reviewed from Permendiknas No. 24 of 2007. For teachers, it is also necessary to modify facilities and infrastructure so that existing facilities and infrastructure can still support learning properly.

This study analyzes the role of the panning technique in creating visual tension in the film “Tarung Sarung” (2020), an Indonesian action-adventure film that blends action with the local culture of Makassar. The panning technique, which involves the horizontal movement of the camera to follow the subject or expand the space, is used strategically in key scenes such as fight sequences, chases, and character interactions to enhance the dynamics and intensity of the story. A qualitative approach with descriptive analysis methods was used to explore how this technique influences the audience's perception and supports the film's narrative. The analysis reveals that panning not only clarifies movement in action scenes but also adds emotional depth and showcases the beauty of Indonesian culture and landscapes. This technique is effective in creating tension and directing the audience's attention to important elements of the story. This study is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the use of cinematographic techniques in enriching the movie-watching experience, particularly in action and locally rooted genres.  

This study aims to determine the attitude of the company in the fields of cargo, shipping, and port operations at PT. Link Pacific Logistic. The company's attitude can be analyzed through the presentation of the company's profile in describing its objectives and vision to be achieved. The main attraction lies in the company's introduction, which plays an important role in establishing a network of professional collaboration. In this analysis, the researcher has identified three types of attitudes: Permanence – the extent to which the company perceives achievements and challenges as temporary or long-lasting. Pervasiveness – the extent to which the company considers an event to impact the entire operational aspects or only certain areas.Personalization – the extent to which the company attributes successes and challenges to internal or external factors. Based on the research findings, the company's profile presentation shows very significant results, with permanence being the most dominant aspect in describing the company's objectives. ocial media interaction (source credibility, source homophily, and content quality) positively impacts future intention.

The As-Sholihin Baturaja Mosque is the center of religious activities and social activities for the congregation in the Ogan Komering Ulu district. However, there are limitations in conveying information, such as mosque activity schedules, information announcements, and other information.  It is a challenge to provide optimal services, especially for mosque administrators. Therefore, training was carried out on creating a website to facilitate digital access to information and increase interaction between mosque administrators and congregation. The methods used include needs analysis, direct practice-based training on website operations, as well as evaluation of results through trial use of the website. This training involves participants from mosque administrators who are trained in managing websites using a simple and user-friendly platform. The results of the service are in the form of a website with the address https://masjid-ashsholihin.my.id. The results of this website show that this training was successful in improving participants' abilities in creating and managing websites independently. The resulting website is able to display important information such as prayer schedules, mosque activities and donations. With a website, congregation members find it easy to access information, thus increasing their involvement in mosque activities.

Representative speech acts are an important aspect in pragmatics that helps understand the application of speech acts, especially in the context of learning videos on digital platforms such as YouTube. This study aims to provide readers, especially students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education study program, with an understanding of the meaning, various types, and application of representative speech acts contained in the "Pengantar Sastra Indonesia" video on the "Restu Bias Primandhika" YouTube channel. This research sees video not only as a medium of information, but also as a tool that influences the interaction between speakers and listeners. This research uses a pragmatic approach by using a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection technique in this research uses the method of free listening and recording technique, which allows researchers to observe and record speech acts in their original context. The research found 113 representative speeches divided into eight main categories: stating, showing, mentioning, informing, suggesting, explaining, giving examples, and speculating. Of the 113 utterances, there are 16 utterances of stating, 6 utterances of mentioning, 14 utterances of showing, 23 utterances of informing or telling, 17 utterances of suggesting, 18 utterances of explaining, 13 utterances of giving examples, and 6 utterances of speculating. These findings show the various ways speakers use language effectively and persuasively. This study is expected to provide insight for readers regarding representative speech acts and become a reference for further studies in diverse communication contexts.

Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that studies the intent of speech. The material of this research is directive speech acts. Directive speech act is one type of speech act used by speakers to tell others to do certain actions. This research analyzes the directive speech acts in the Science Around Us learning video on the Pahamify YouTube Channel. The approach used to examine this research is using theoretical and methodological approaches. The theoretical approach used is a pragmatic approach while the methodological approach used is a qualitative descriptive approach. This research method uses a pragmatic and descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection in this analysis is through listening and note-taking techniques, and using the derivative technique of simak bebas libat cakap. Then, the data analysis technique uses the commensurate technique. And using formal and informal data presentation techniques. The results show that there are various types of directive speech acts used by speakers, such as asking, commanding, ordering, inviting, asking, pleading, suggesting and forcing. The act of asking dominates, showing the speaker's effort to actively involve the audience. The findings indicate that directive speech acts play an important role in creating effective interaction in science learning through video media. This research contributes to a better understanding of more in-depth about language use in the context of online learning.