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Social changes due to technological advancements have transformed the way people relate and associate with one another. Relationships can now be developed more easily, more affordably, and more quickly. As a community, the church is "forced" to re-evaluate whether the methods of learning and faith formation that have been applied so far still meet the needs of today’s congregation. Using a qualitative method with a literature-based approach, the researcher investigates the biblical perspective on this issue and finds that close relationships among members are a key indicator in learning and faith formation, as exemplified by the early church. Bringing the church back to its original design as the family of God (oikos), while utilizing current technological advancements, will make the church a constructive place for learning and nurturing the faith of its members.

This study aims to analyse the effect of work climate on teacher morale at MAN 1 Medan. Work climate is an important factor in creating a work atmosphere that supports the performance and motivation of educators. Teachers' morale, as an indicator of the success of the education process, is influenced by various aspects, including interpersonal relationships, leadership of the madrasah head, and work environment conditions. This study used a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 50 teachers at MAN 1 Medan. Work climate variables were measured through dimensions such as leadership, openness of communication, and peer support. Meanwhile, morale was measured through indicators of productivity, motivation, and commitment to duty. Data analysis was conducted using simple linear regression technique to determine the relationship and influence between the two variables. The results showed that work climate has a significant influence on teachers' morale at MAN 1 Medan. This finding indicates that a positive work climate, characterised by open communication, adequate support, and inspirational leadership, can significantly improve teachers' morale. Conversely, a less conducive work climate negatively impacts teachers' motivation and performance. This study concludes that effective work climate management is an important strategy in improving teachers' morale. The madrasah is advised to pay attention to the aspects that make up the work climate, such as rewarding performance, creating a harmonious working atmosphere, and ensuring good communication between the madrasah head and teachers. Thus, the quality of education at MAN 1 Medan can continue to be improved through strengthening the morale of the teaching staff.

Beauty products have become a promising business, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Various brands have achieved high sales figures, one of which is Skintific products. This study aims to analyze the role of micro-influencers in increasing brand awareness of Skintific products. The study was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach. Research data was obtained from literature reviews, digital observations, and official publications related to the topic. The results of the study indicate that micro-influencers play a significant role in increasing brand awareness for Skintific products. With a higher engagement rate compared to macro-influencers, micro-influencers are able to build closer and more authentic relationships with their audience, making their recommendations more trustworthy than conventional advertisements. Despite having a smaller number of followers, micro-influencers demonstrate greater effectiveness in creating engaging content such as product reviews, tutorials, and unboxing videos, which increase consumer interest and trust in the product. Research data shows that micro-influencers' engagement rate (5.07%) is higher than that of macro-influencers (3.25%), despite their more limited reach. The success of this marketing strategy is also supported by the use of social media platforms such as Instagram and TikTok, which enable the distribution of interactive visual content and expand brand awareness organically. With increased audience engagement, Skintific has not only succeeded in strengthening brand awareness but also in building product credibility, which ultimately contributes to increased consumer interest and purchasing decisions.

The rapid development of the business world has driven increased complexity in competition, particularly in the retail sector which has experienced significant growth in various regions, including Tuban. In this context, the partnership between suppliers and department stores (toserba) becomes a strategic aspect that plays a crucial role in maintaining business continuity, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the patterns of relationships between suppliers and department stores in Tuban, as well as to identify factors that support the success of such partnerships and their impact on operational performance and customer satisfaction. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on library research, data were collected from various secondary sources such as scientific journals, books, and relevant publications. The results indicate that effective partnership relationships are characterized by open communication, high trust and commitment, close collaboration, and adaptation to digital transformation. Furthermore, a solid partnership between suppliers and department stores contributes to improving supply chain efficiency, reducing logistics costs, optimizing inventory management, and enhancing customer satisfaction through product availability and responsive service. This study provides valuable contributions to formulating sustainable collaborative strategies for local retail businesses to face increasingly competitive markets.

The principle of freedom of contract is a fundamental tenet in contract law that grants parties the autonomy to determine the content, form, and subjects of an agreement. In the context of business contracts in Indonesia, this principle plays a vital role in providing flexibility for business actors to regulate their legal relationships independently. However, in practice, the implementation of this principle often faces various challenges, such as unequal bargaining power between parties and legal interventions aimed at protecting weaker parties. This study aims to analyze how the principle of freedom of contract is applied in the practice of business contracts in Indonesia, as well as the legal boundaries that limit such freedom. A normative juridical method is employed, using statutory and case study approaches. The findings indicate that contractual freedom in Indonesia is not absolute but is restricted by positive law, propriety, and public order. Therefore, a balance is required between contractual freedom and legal protection in the drafting of business contracts.  

Local fashion brands in Indonesia are gaining popularity due to their affordable prices and competitive quality compared to imported products. One successful example is Arkline, a local fashion brand that effectively uses digital marketing, particularly TikTok, to reach its target market. This study aims to analyze Arkline’s sales growth strategy using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through digital observations and official online sources. The findings reveal that TikTok is a highly effective platform for engaging Generation Z, who prefer visual, interactive, and authentic content. Arkline’s strategy includes creating trend-based videos, using TikTok Live for real-time interactions, and collaborating with influencers who have large followings. These methods help increase brand awareness, strengthen customer engagement, and drive purchasing decisions. Additionally, the TikTok Shop feature enables seamless in-app transactions, which boosts conversion rates. Overall, TikTok serves as a powerful tool for Arkline to build stronger relationships with consumers, expand its market reach, and stay competitive in the fashion industry. With the right digital marketing strategy and adaptability to current trends, local brands like Arkline can fully leverage TikTok’s potential as an effective platform in today’s digital era.

Marriage is a sacred bond recognized by religion and the state. In the context of religion, marriage has a very important role in the life of a Muslim, including the Spiritual Foundation and Worship, Maintaining Pious and Pious Offspring. Marriage in Islam also aims to produce pious and pious offspring. Religion provides guidance on how to educate children with good religious and moral values. In the context of positive law, the state gives authority to the validity or invalidity of a marriage to each religion.Communication in the family is the process of exchanging information, feelings. Communication in the family is the process of exchanging information, feelings, and ideas between family members to create harmonious relationships, mutual understanding, and support each other. The Importance of Communication in the Family is very useful for avoiding conflict in the household. The importance of communication in the family is as follows: Building Harmonious Relationships Good communication strengthens the bonds between family members, creating an atmosphere full of love and mutual understanding.

Marriage is a dynamic of life that is felt by everyone. Everyone certainly hopes to have a happy, safe, stable and lifelong marriage, but in reality there are many marriages that fail and end in divorce. Divorce is a form of broken household relationships or marriage relationships that are marked by separation. Strengthening the family through various activities facilitated by the church can be a solution to increase the congregation's knowledge of the true meaning of marriage. With a good understanding of the meaning of marriage itself, divorce cases can be avoided and will not be thought of as a solution to the conflict experienced in the household.

The characteristics and character of an entrepreneur play a significant role in the success of the business being run. Entrepreneurs often have traits such as courage, creativity, and intensity that allow them to experience various challenges in the business world. Not only that, the ability to take calculated risks and adapt to market changes is also a key aspect in their expedition as entrepreneurs. This trait not only influences business decisions but also contributes to their individual and professional growth. Entrepreneurial character is often indicated by an orientation towards achievement and great internal motivation. They tend to have a clear vision and are able to formulate long-term goals for their business. Not only that, the ability to build networks and establish good relationships with various parties, such as customers, partners, and employees, is also an important aspect of an entrepreneur's character. This helps them in generating new opportunities and maintaining business continuity. In the context of economic growth, a description of the characteristics and character of entrepreneurs is very important for encouraging innovation and business development. By identifying these traits, aspiring entrepreneurs can improve themselves and better prepare themselves to face the challenges that exist. In addition, support from areas such as learning and training can also help hone the personality and character needed to succeed in the world of entrepreneurship.

This systematic literature review aims to identify the key psychosocial and environmental determinants influencing adolescent mental health. Utilizing the PRISMA methodology, ten peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2024 were analyzed. Key factors identified include parenting style, peer relationships, academic stress, bullying, digital media exposure, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings highlight the complexity of adolescent mental well-being and emphasize the necessity of integrated interventions involving families, schools, and communities to foster resilience.

Leadership plays a crucial role in organizational effectiveness, especially in creating work synergy, building motivation, and facing the challenges of change. This article discusses in depth the type of charismatic leadership that has a strong personal appeal and influence on followers. Through the method of literature study and descriptive approach, this article explores the basic concept of charismatic leadership, its benefits, advantages, and disadvantages. Charismatic leaders are able to build strong emotional relationships, increase loyalty, and create an innovative work environment. However, this leadership style also carries risks, such as excessive dependence on the leader and the potential for a cult of personality. Charismatic leadership is biblical leadership.

This study discusses the comparison of labor law between Indonesia and Malaysia, focusing on the regulation of employment relations, worker protection, wage systems, and outsourcing practices. Indonesia, through Law Number 6 of 2023, strengthens labor regulations by emphasizing worker protection, whereas Malaysia, through the Employment Act 1955, emphasizes flexibility in employment relationships with minimum protection. This research uses normative legal research methods and a comparative law approach. The results show that Indonesia prioritizes structural and formal worker protection, while Malaysia emphasizes administrative efficiency. This study recommends strengthening worker protection in both countries and the need for harmonization of labor standards within the ASEAN region.

This study aims to analyze the impact of digital technology adoption on the performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, by considering the mediating roles of innovation capability, financial access, and business trust. MSMEs play a strategic role in the national economy, yet they continue to face various challenges in enhancing competitiveness and business performance. Digital technology adoption has emerged as a key strategy to drive operational transformation, expand market reach, and improve efficiency. This research adopts a quantitative approach using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method to examine the relationships among variables. The findings indicate that digital technology adoption significantly affects MSME performance, both directly and through the enhancement of innovation capability and financial access. Furthermore, business trust also plays an important role as a psychological factor that reinforces commitment and business sustainability. These findings highlight the importance of policy support, digital infrastructure, financial literacy, and innovation capacity in strengthening the competitiveness of MSMEs in the digital economy era. This study provides both theoretical and practical contributions to the development of a digital-based MSME empowerment model in Indonesia.

Competition law is an important instrument in maintaining healthy and fair market dynamics, especially in the era of globalization marked by increasingly competitive economic growth. This article discusses how business competition takes place at the regional level, with particular attention to the obstacles faced by small entrepreneurs in facing the dominance of established companies. The competition that emerges is not only limited to price issues, but also involves difficulties in accessing capital, distribution networks, technology, and unfavorable regulations. Existing companies generally have strong structural strengths and networks, which create major barriers for new entrants. In addition, there are signs of unfair competitive practices that can threaten the survival of small businesses. However, advances in technology and digitalization are opening up new avenues for small entrepreneurs to enter the market and establish direct relationships with customers. This article aims to identify various forms of business competition at the local level, analyze the opportunities and challenges that exist, and develop strategies that encourage the creation of a healthy and inclusive competitive environment for the sustainability of local economic growth.

A discussion on Islamic morality and ethics is the purpose of this paper. We see many modern generations paying little attention to how to apply morality in their daily lives. Morals and ethics are human behaviours in daily life that have been instilled. Morals come from the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad and include what is good, bad, right, and wrong in one's actions. Meanwhile, ethics come from the culture and customs of the local community. In this paper, the author discusses the meaning of morals and ethics, human relationships with God, humans, and nature. Protest is a legitimate form of expression in a democratic society. In Islam, protest is also recognised as the right of everyone to voice injustice and bias. However, protests must also be carried out with ethics that are in accordance with Islamic teachings. The ethics of protest can be explained in the hadith, namely: Protests must be carried out peacefully and not violate the law. This is in accordance with the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, "Whoever sees an evil should change it with his hand. If he is unable, then with his tongue. If he is unable, then with his heart. And that is the weakest faith." (HR Muslim). In this Hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) teaches that protests should be done in stages, starting with the lightest action, namely giving a direct response. If you are unable to do so, then you can protest verbally, for example by expressing your opinion or criticism through the media. If that is no longer possible, then protest can be done in the heart, i.e. still rejecting evil, but not taking actions that can lead to violence or riots. Protest must be based on truth and justice. This is in accordance with the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (saw), "Indeed, Allah is true and loves truth." (Narrated by Bukhari) In this hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (saw) affirms that protest must be based on truth and justice. This means that protest must be done because of real injustice, not because of personal or group interests.

Marriage is a social institution that plays an important role in human life. Marriage is not just a union of two individuals, but also a long-term commitment that involves emotional, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. In marriage, husband and wife are expected to build a harmonious, mutually supportive, and loving life together. However, in reality, not all marriages run smoothly without obstacles. Many couples experience various challenges, such as personality differences, communication problems, economic disparities, conflicts in childcare, to disputes regarding values ​​and life principles. If not handled properly, conflict in marriage can cause disharmony, stress, and even divorce. Family counseling is present as one solution to help couples understand and overcome various problems that arise in marriage. Family counseling aims to provide a deeper understanding of the nature of marriage, teach conflict resolution strategies, and help couples build healthier and more harmonious relationships. In family counseling, couples are taught how to communicate better, understand each other's emotional needs, and find fair and wise solutions to resolve existing differences. In addition, counseling also helps couples to increase mutual trust, strengthen commitment, and create a family environment full of support and love.

This study examines various proactive and reactive classroom management strategies and approaches to create a conducive learning environment. Effective classroom management is crucial for minimizing disruptions, enhancing student engagement, and supporting their academic and socio-emotional development. The literature review covers preventive measures such as establishing clear expectations and routines, building positive teacher-student relationships, and creating physically and emotionally safe learning spaces. Additionally, reactive strategies for addressing disruptive behaviors—including verbal and non-verbal interventions, conflict resolution, and de-escalation techniques—are discussed. The study emphasizes the importance of consistent, fair, and culturally responsive approaches tailored to student diversity and needs. The analysis reveals that the effectiveness of approaches such as authoritative, democratic, and behavioral modification varies depending on the context, with recommendations to flexibly combine multiple methods. Challenges like student heterogeneity, limited facilities, and teacher preparedness are identified, along with innovative solutions such as differentiated instruction and technology integration.

This study examines various proactive and reactive classroom management strategies and approaches to create a conducive learning environment. Effective classroom management is crucial for minimizing disruptions, enhancing student engagement, and supporting their academic and socio-emotional development. The literature review covers preventive measures such as establishing clear expectations and routines, building positive teacher-student relationships, and creating physically and emotionally safe learning spaces. Additionally, reactive strategies for addressing disruptive behaviors—including verbal and non-verbal interventions, conflict resolution, and de-escalation techniques—are discussed. The study emphasizes the importance of consistent, fair, and culturally responsive approaches tailored to student diversity and needs. The analysis reveals that the effectiveness of approaches such as authoritative, democratic, and behavioral modification varies depending on the context, with recommendations to flexibly combine multiple methods. Challenges like student heterogeneity, limited facilities, and teacher preparedness are identified, along with innovative solutions such as differentiated instruction and technology integration.

This study aims to analyze the meaning of interpersonal communication in the anxiety experience of new students of the Islamic Communication and Broadcasting Study Program. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological method, which focuses on students' subjective meaning of interpersonal communication experiences during the transition to college. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with eight new students who had experienced anxiety and were actively establishing communication relationships with those closest to them. The results of the study indicate that interpersonal communication is interpreted as an adaptive mechanism that helps relieve anxiety through five main elements: openness, empathy, support, positive feelings, and equality. In addition, the communication process is also influenced by the principle of social exchange, where students choose to establish communication that provides emotional comfort and avoid relationships that worsen psychological stress. Interpersonal communication has proven to be a safe space for students to build emotional resilience during the early stages of college.

This study aims to analyze the lexical and contextual meanings in the lyrics of the song “Mangu” by Fourtwnty Ft. Charita Utami. This song was chosen because it contains emotional, symbolic, and reflective messages that reflect inner turmoil and value conflicts in human relationships. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with semantic analysis techniques. Data was obtained from the song lyrics and analyzed through the stages of identifying lexical meaning based on the literal meaning of the words, and contextual meaning based on the situation and context of their use. The results of the study indicate that the lyrics of “Mangu” contain various forms of lexical meaning such as synonyms, antonyms, collocations, polysemy, and idioms, as well as contextual meaning reflecting spiritual conflict, differences in principles, and the search for identity. This song symbolically represents the social conditions often experienced by individuals in personal and existential relationships. These findings enrich the study of semantics in popular literary works and can be implemented in Indonesian language learning as contextual and meaningful teaching materials.