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This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the scientific approach in improving Natural Sciences (IPA) learning outcomes among Elementary School students. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach by analyzing various scientific sources such as journal articles, books, and relevant research reports from the past five years. The findings indicate that the scientific approach has a positive impact on students' understanding of science concepts, critical thinking skills, as well as motivation and engagement in the learning process. This approach encourages students to actively participate in scientific processes through the stages of observing, questioning, experimenting, reasoning, and communicating. These stages help make learning more meaningful, contextual, and aligned with students’ cognitive development. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, such as limited facilities and infrastructure, constrained instructional time, and the lack of teacher training in applying this approach effectively. Therefore, support from various stakeholders—including schools, government, and the community—is needed to overcome these obstacles and enhance the quality of science education. Overall, the scientific approach is considered effective in creating interactive, reflective, and student-centered science learning at the Elementary School level.

Inquiry learning strategy is an educational approach that places students at the center of the learning process by encouraging them to actively seek, discover, and conclude knowledge through questioning, observing, and critically analyzing. In this strategy, students are not passive recipients of information from the teacher but are directly involved in learning activities that demand critical and analytical thinking skills. Through inquiry learning, students develop critical thinking abilities by engaging in stages such as problem formulation, hypothesis development, data collection, and drawing conclusions based on observations and analysis. This approach has been proven effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills as it promotes active and independent participation in learning, while also boosting motivation and self-confidence. The teacher acts as a facilitator who guides and motivates students to sharpen their critical thinking skills in solving problems systematically and logically. Thus, inquiry learning strategy not only enriches students’ understanding of the subject matter but also equips them with essential thinking skills to face future life and learning challenges.

Innovation is a key element in improving business competitiveness and sustainability. This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to analyse the relationship between resources and innovation strategies in entrepreneurship. A total of 22 Scopus-indexed articles were reviewed using the PRISMA approach, focusing on the types of resources (human, financial, technological, informational, and physical) and forms of innovation (product, process, and managerial). The results show that product innovation is largely supported by human resources and technology, where the skills and creativity of the workforce play an important role in the development of new products. Process innovation relies on technology and information, especially in production efficiency and operational digitalisation. Meanwhile, managerial innovation is closely related to human resource management and organisational strategy, which enables companies to be more adaptive to market changes. This study enriches the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities theories, and provides insights for entrepreneurs and policy makers in developing resource-based innovation strategies. In conclusion, successful innovation in entrepreneurship depends on optimal resource utilisation and appropriate policy support to create sustainable innovation.

The selection of group counseling interventions in addressing learners' problems shows high effectiveness because it utilizes group dynamics that support the development of emotional aspects, cognition, and communication skills. Group counseling has an important role in the preventive, curative, and developmental functions of learners, both in terms of mental health, social skills, academics, and career planning. Group counseling is a relevant form of counseling service to deal with learners' problems that are urgent and have similarities, and serves as a means of holistic self-development. The effectiveness of this service depends not only on productivity, but also the perspectives of counseling teachers, students, and the efficiency of implementation, all of which are influenced by the professional competence of counselors according to national standards. Effectiveness itself is understood as success in achieving service goals, which includes internal and external factors of service implementers. In its implementation, different group counseling approaches and techniques can still achieve optimal results when adjusted to the problems and needs of students. The use of the Cognitive Behaviour Therapy approach in group counseling is proven to increase participants' understanding of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, and strengthen group interaction in depth. Strategies and innovations in counseling techniques or methods need to be adjusted to strengthen the effectiveness of the service, while participant activeness and the dynamics of social interaction are important factors in supporting the success of group counseling. Therefore, collaboration between group members is needed so that the counseling process runs smoothly and service goals can be achieved optimally.    

Background: According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO, 2023), antepartum hemorrhage, especially placenta previa, accounts for 15% to 20% of maternal deaths. Placenta In addition, previa accounts for 3% of all maternal deaths in Indonesia due to bleeding. Abnormal implantation of placental tissue above the endocervical os is a characteristic of placenta previa. Parity, age, endometrial hypoplasia, tumors, slow luteal response, endometrial abnormalities, history of cesarean section, curettage, multiple pregnancies, and history of placenta previa in previous pregnancies are some of the factors that can increase the risk of placenta previa. Research Objective: This is to determine the characteristics of pregnant women with the incidence of placenta previa in pregnant women at the HKBP Balige Hospital in 2024. Research Method: This is analytical with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique uses total sampling with a sample size of 45 people. The entire data processing and analysis process uses the SPSS application. Research Results: The characteristics of pregnant women were obtained as follows: the majority of the age at risk (<20 and >35 years) as much as 55.6%; the majority of parity >3 as much as 53.3%, the majority of Ever CS as much as 60%. Results: statistical tests showed a significant correlation with the characteristics of pregnant women with age (p = 0.007), parity (p = 0.031) and history of CS (p = 0.001). Suggestion: It is expected to facilitate health workers in increasing knowledge and skills through training in maternal and neonatal emergency services as an effort to prevent complications in the mother and fetus.

The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has brought major changes to the world of education, especially in terms of the media used to support the teaching and learning process. The use of ICT-based media offers various advantages, such as fast access to information, more interesting learning materials, and a more flexible and personalized approach. This article aims to analyze the role of ICT-based media in improving student learning outcomes. In this discussion, it is explained how the use of ICT can enrich learning experiences, increase student motivation, and support more collaborative and independent learning. Even though there are various benefits, this article also identifies several challenges faced in implementing ICT-based media, such as gaps in technology access, limited infrastructure, and a lack of digital skills among teachers and students. Based on this analysis, this article concludes that although ICT-based media has great potential to improve learning outcomes, the success of its implementation is very dependent on infrastructure readiness, training for teachers, and awareness of the importance of technology integration in the education curriculum. For this reason, there needs to be a more planned strategy and support from all parties to maximize the use of ICT in education

This study aims to examine the problem of the lack of implementation of experiment-based learning in Biology subjects at SMA Nahdlatul Ulama Padangsidimpuan. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach, with data collection through interviews with Biology teachers and literature studies. The results showed that limited laboratory facilities, lack of practicum tools and materials, and limited learning time allocation were the main obstacles in the implementation of practicum. Although teachers realize the importance of experimental activities in improving students' understanding and science process skills, structural support from schools is still very limited. In response to these obstacles, several alternatives such as the utilization of virtual laboratories, the use of experimental videos, and simple experiments based on local resources have been attempted. This research recommends strengthening educational policies that support practicum-based learning through the provision of adequate infrastructure, continuous training for teachers, and development of alternative learning media. Thus, Biology learning can be more effective in fostering students' scientific skills and critical thinking according to the demands of the 21st century.

This study explores the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in Islamic Religious Education at Elementary School 13 Pulau Rimau, including its supporting and inhibiting factors. Using a qualitative descriptive case study, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving teachers and students. The study found that effective implementation of PBL requires thorough planning involving syllabus, lesson plans, objectives, methods, media, and resources. The learning process follows five main PBL stages and assesses students' attitudes, knowledge, and skills. The research recommends teachers to improve and develop their use of PBL to enhance student-centered learning and ensure more meaningful educational experiences. 

The workshop on the preparation of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions at MI Islamiyah Palangka Raya aims to improve the competence of educators in designing problems that challenge students' high-level thinking skills. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a participatory approach, which involves interactive lectures, group discussions, hands-on practice in the preparation of questions, and integration of learning technologies. The results of the activity showed that participants gained a better understanding of the concept of HOTS, active learning strategies, and problem preparation techniques that can develop students' critical, creative, and analytical thinking skills. Practice sessions involving the creation of questions and presentation of the results provide an opportunity for teachers to share experiences and constructive feedback. In addition, the introduction of educational applications and digital media opens up new insights into the importance of technology in supporting the learning process. Despite the challenges in mastering technology, the enthusiasm of the participants to implement technology in their learning was very high. In conclusion, this workshop makes a positive contribution to improving the professional competence of teachers, and to ensure the sustainability of the workshop results, follow-up is needed in the form of further training and support from the school.

Empowerment can be interpreted as an effort to increase the ability of the community to participate, negotiate, influence and control the institutions of their community on a large scale for the sake of improving their lives. Describe the impact of empowerment of the Bosar Bayu Farmer group in improving community welfare. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative research type with a descriptive approach. Qualitative research is research that intends to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced by the research subject, for example behavior, perception, motivation, actions, and others holistically and by means of description in the form of words and language. The reason for choosing the type of qualitative research with a descriptive method is because the process of formulating the problem carried out in the study was carried out comprehensively, broadly, and in depth in discussing the phenomena that occurred in the field. Then the data obtained from farmers in the form of information both verbally and in writing that describes the situation directly in the field, so that it is able to describe what happened at the research location in more detail, and try to obtain and reveal data on the impact of empowerment of the Maju Horas farmer group in improving community welfare in Bosar Bayu village. Building Farmers' Knowledge and Skills, Increasing agricultural production, Increasing the standard of living and equalizing income levels, As a means of cooperation between group members. Based on the results of the research that has been discussed regarding the empowerment of the Maju Horas farmer group in improving the welfare of the community in Bosar Bayu Village, it can be concluded that empowerment is an effort to make the community independent. Keywords: Jeremiah 22:10-12, Disobedience, Exile, Leadership, Obedience to God, God's Judgment, King Shallum (Jehoahaz), Spiritual Destruction, Divine Justice, Social Suffering, Promised Land, Consequences of Disobedience, Hermeneutics, Judah's Kings, Spiritual and Political: Consequences.

This study aims to improve the numeracy skills of early childhood through the use of number card games. Numeracy is one of the basic competencies that is important to develop as a foundation for future mathematics skills. The method used in this study is game-based learning, where children are involved in interactive and fun number card playing activities. The subjects of this study were children aged 5-7 years at RA Al Busyro Ngimbang. The results of the study showed that the use of number card games can significantly improve children's numeracy skills, especially in the aspects of number recognition, addition, and simple subtraction. This game helps children understand basic mathematical concepts more naturally and without pressure, because the learning process is carried out in a fun and informal atmosphere. In addition, number card games can also increase children's motivation in learning mathematics, improve social skills through interaction with peers, and improve concentration and focus during the learning process. The conclusion of this study shows that number card games can be used as an effective learning strategy to improve the numeracy skills of early childhood. It is recommended for educators and parents to utilize this method in order to develop children's mathematical abilities more optimally.

This research is motivated by the problem of communication in economic transactions in the Aru Islands District, which is recruited by a multi-ethnic community with a variety of regional languages. Although Indonesian has great potential as a national communication tool, its use in local economic activities is still limited, thus hampering the smooth interaction between traders and buyers. This communication inefficiency has an impact on the negotiation process and local economic competitiveness. This study aims to instill the role of Indonesian in facilitating economic transactions, identify barriers to use, and develop strategies to improve Indonesian language skills in the community. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies, with informants selected using purposive sampling techniques to obtain data relevant to the local economic context. Expected results include an understanding of the contribution of Indonesian in increasing the effectiveness of transactions, revealing communication challenges, and strategies for improving contextual and applicable language literacy. These findings can provide practical contributions to local governments, educational institutions, and business actors in developing language training programs that support economic activities. From a theoretical perspective, this research enriches the study of the relationship between language and economic development, especially in multilingual areas such as the Aru Islands.

Coastal women on Poteran Island, Sumenep, have an important role in the marine-based economic sector, especially in the seaweed and processed seafood industry. However, limited access to capital, technology, and markets are the main challenges in their empowerment efforts. This study aims to analyze the level of empowerment of coastal women in the industry and identify factors that support and hinder the development of their businesses. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach, where data is collected through in-depth interviews with women entrepreneurs, participant observation, and related literature studies. Data analysis techniques are carried out through the Miles and Huberman interactive model which includes data reduction, data presentation, as well as drawing conclusions and verification. The results of the study indicate that the empowerment of coastal women in the seaweed and processed seafood industry has had a positive impact on family economic welfare, increased skills capacity, and strengthened their social roles in the community. However, there are still obstacles in terms of market access, policy support, and production technology that need further attention. Therefore, intervention from various stakeholders is needed to increase women's access to skills training, business capital, and policies that support the sustainability of their businesses.    

Art cannot be separated from human life, including in the stages of childhood development. In addition to having aesthetic values, art also plays an important role in inspiring children's creativity and imagination. Early Childhood Education (PAUD), as a pioneer in the national education process, has a role in developing children's potential from various aspects, such as cognitive, language, art, morals, religion, movement, and socio-emotional. One important aspect in children's physical development is motor development, both gross and fine motor skills. One form of effective stimulus in developing children's motor skills is through learning dance. Dance provides space for children to practice body movement coordination, balance, and muscle strength, while stimulating self-expression. The basic elements in dance, such as movement, energy, space, and time, play an important role in supporting children's creativity in expressing themselves through body movements. Therefore, dance is one of the effective media in supporting children's motor development and creativity as a whole.

This study aims to explore innovative learning strategies in fostering students' critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skills are increasingly essential in today’s complex and challenging era. Approaches such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Project-Based Learning (PjBL), as well as open discussions and debates, are capable of encouraging students to think analytically, logically, and reflectively. These strategies emphasize the active role of students in the learning process—not merely as recipients of information, but also as seekers and processors of knowledge. Teachers serve as facilitators who create a learning environment that supports exploration and problem-solving. The evaluation of critical thinking skills is conducted through instruments such as rubrics, Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions, and analytical essay tests, which allow for an in-depth assessment of students' abilities. The findings show that innovative learning is more effective than conventional methods in developing critical thinking skills. Therefore, these strategies are worth implementing widely in the education system to prepare students to face future challenges critically, creatively, and adaptively.

Game-Based Learning (GBL) has emerged as an innovative learning approach aimed at enhancing student engagement and promoting the development of critical thinking skills, particularly at the elementary school level. This study was conducted at SD Negeri Labuhan 1 using a qualitative approach and a case study method. The primary objective of this research is to analyze the implementation of GBL within the context of elementary education, focusing on students’ and teachers’ needs and interests, the strategies used for implementation, the impact of GBL on students’ critical thinking skills, and the supporting and inhibiting factors affecting its success. The findings indicate that 75% of students expressed a higher preference for game-based learning over conventional teaching methods, showing high levels of enthusiasm and participation during the learning process. GBL proved effective in increasing students' motivation to learn, strengthening collaboration, and stimulating analytical and reflective thinking. However, several challenges were encountered in the implementation of GBL, including limited technological infrastructure in schools and the lack of specialized training for teachers in designing and managing game-based learning activities effectively. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that GBL holds significant potential as a teaching strategy that can foster students’ critical thinking skills from an early age. Nevertheless, to achieve optimal outcomes, strong support from various stakeholders is essential, including the provision of adequate facilities and the enhancement of teachers’ competencies through continuous professional development and training in designing and applying GBL in daily classroom activities.

Currently, in the era of globalization, the world is becoming increasingly connected and interdependent with one another, rapid developments have occurred in the field of information technology, especially in terms of the use of word processing applications. Teachers at TKIT ASHOPA Praya Central Lombok need adequate skills in using information technology, especially the Microsoft Word application, to improve the quality of human resources. However, the development of Microsoft Office applications that occur every year makes it difficult for teachers to keep up with these developments. Therefore, training activities were carried out which aimed to provide basic knowledge about the Microsoft Word application to TKIT ASHOPA teachers. This training includes an introduction to icons and their functionality, as well as the use of applications in module creation and documentation management. This training lasted for 2 days and was attended by 12 teachers. The ASHOPA TKIT teachers responded enthusiastically to this training, as seen from their active participation in asking questions and discussing the material with the presenters. It is hoped that with this basic training, the understanding of teachers at TKIT ASHOPA Praya Central Lombok can increase.

Technological advances have encouraged innovation in education, including the use of interactive learning media in primary schools aims to enhance student engagement and improve learning outcomes. This study analyzes the impact, challenges, and effectiveness of interactive media through a literature review of relevant scientific journals. The findings reveal that tools such as PowerPoint, educational videos, and Kahoot significantly boost student motivation, facilitate better understanding of concepts, and promote active participation. However, challenges like limited access to technology, teacher preparedness, and varying student competencies must be addressed to maximize the potential of these media in education, among other things, increase interest in learning, facilitate understanding of the material, and encourage active participation of students. They also support independent learning, help students and teachers develop technology skills, and improve information retention, thus creating a more effective, efficient and enjoyable learning experience. However, challenges such as limited access to technology and teachers' lack of skills in operating interactive media are still an obstacle. With good planning and training for educators, interactive learning media can be an innovative solution in creating a more effective, fun and meaningful learning process for students in the digital era

The development of digital technology has brought a significant transformation in the field of education, particularly in learning processes. Traditional teaching methods are now shifting toward more flexible, interactive, and accessible digital systems. This article discusses various strategies for integrating technology into learning in the digital era, including the use of Learning Management Systems (LMS), the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the development of multimedia-based interactive learning content. Furthermore, strengthening digital literacy among teachers and students is a key focus in ensuring the successful implementation of technology in education. This study employs a literature review method by summarizing various scholarly sources and previous research findings. The results indicate that the appropriate application of technology in education can enhance learning effectiveness, promote student independence, and foster 21st-century skills. However, challenges such as unequal access to technology and the lack of teacher training remain obstacles that need to be addressed. Therefore, collaboration between educational institutions, the government, and the community is essential to create an inclusive and sustainable digital learning ecosystem. This article is expected to contribute to the development of adaptive learning strategies aligned with technological advancements and the needs of the times.    

This study investigates the use of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) with YouTube media to enhance listening skills and motivation among junior high school students. Conducted at SMP Negeri 3 Gresik, the research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data. The pre-experimental design assessed students' listening skills before and after a four-week intervention, while questionnaires captured their motivation levels. The findings reveal a significant improvement in students' listening comprehension, as evidenced by an increase in mean test scores from 48.00 in the pre-test to 79.33 in the post-test, with a p-value of 0.000 indicating statistical significance. Additionally, motivation levels improved, with students expressing heightened engagement and interest in the learning process. The integration of authentic and dynamic YouTube content within the PBL framework fostered a more interactive and engaging learning environment, addressing common challenges such as limited motivation and anxiety. The study concludes that the combination of PBL and YouTube media is an effective instructional strategy for enhancing listening skills and motivation in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. It offers practical insights for educators seeking innovative approaches to language instruction and underscores the importance of integrating technology into active learning methodologies.