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Math phobia is a psychological disorder characterized by excessive fear of mathematical concepts or activities, which hinders students' learning process. This study aims to explore the use of the abacus method as an intervention in improving mental arithmetic and reducing math phobia in elementary school students. The abacus method, which has been proven effective in improving concentration and mental arithmetic skills, is integrated into learning to provide an interactive and fun learning experience.  This study used a descriptive qualitative method involving 15 students and the third grade teacher of SDN 19 Tarung-Tarung, and used data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used the Miles & Huberman research model. The results showed a significant increase in mental arithmetic skills and a decrease in students' anxiety levels in math subjects, which had a positive impact on students' learning motivation. The application of the abacus method can be an alternative strategy in designing more effective mathematics learning interventions to overcome math phobia.

This study aims to analyze the role of teachers in the implementation of the Independent Curriculum to develop the Pancasila Student Profile in grade 3 of SDN 104203 Bandar Khalipah. The main focus of this study is to understand the strategies implemented by teachers, the challenges faced, and the impact of the implementation of the Independent Curriculum on the formation of student character according to the six dimensions of the Pancasila Student Profile. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of interviews with grade 3 teachers and distributing questionnaires to students. The results of the study show that teachers act as facilitators in creating an active and innovative learning environment through the implementation of project-based learning and formative assessment. This strategy is effective in building the values of mutual cooperation, independence, and creativity in students. However, teachers face challenges in implementing learning differentiation due to significant differences in student abilities and time constraints in conducting authentic assessments. The conclusion of this study shows that the Independent Curriculum provides flexibility for teachers to adjust learning to student needs, so that they are able to develop characters that are in accordance with the Pancasila Student Profile. Training support for teachers and collaboration with parents are needed to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in elementary schools.

The independent curriculum is an innovation in Indonesian education that offers freedom to learn to students, and allows educational units, teachers, and students to design learning processes that are relevant to their individual needs and potential, with an emphasis on developing student character. This study aims to describe in detail how the role of the Independent Curriculum in the formation of student character. This study was compiled with a literature study or Library observation. Data in this literature study were collected through searches on Google Scholar and various other databases, which aim to obtain comparative material. After that, the data that was successfully collected was collected based on its relevance to the research questions and objectives of this article, then summarized into comprehensive study results. The data collection process was carried out by tracing literature from national and international journals available on several websites. The results of the study show that the Independent Curriculum in Indonesia is designed to be freedom for students in the learning process through a flexible approach that is relevant to their lives. This curriculum forms student character based on Pancasila values, using various strategies such as differentiated learning, project-based learning

Pancasila as the foundation of the state has an important role in shaping the mindset and character of children from an early age, especially at the elementary school level. In the challenging era of globalization, Pancasila-based education is the main foundation in instilling national and moral values. This study aims to explore the role of Pancasila in shaping the mindset of elementary school children and strategies that can be applied in learning so that its values can be internalized effectively. The method used in this study is a literature study by reviewing various relevant scientific articles. The results of the study indicate that an experience-based learning approach, the active role of teachers as role models, and synergy between schools, families, and communities are key factors in instilling Pancasila values. In addition, the challenges of globalization and technological developments require strengthening Pancasila-based digital literacy so that children are able to filter information wisely. Thus, Pancasila-based character education is a strategic element in forming a young generation that has integrity, social responsibility, and critical thinking skills in facing changing times.

This study aims to examine the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in developing Christian values ​​learning materials for students at SD Negeri 076067 Orahili, North Nias. Christian values ​​are an integral part of character education taught in schools, which function to shape students' moral and ethical attitudes in everyday life. This study uses a qualitative literature approach to collect data on how PAK teachers develop learning materials that focus on Christian values. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers have an important role in compiling learning materials that not only cover aspects of integrating Christian values ​​that are applied in learning activities and everyday life. The development of teaching materials has the opportunity from the resources and time available to explore Christian values ​​comprehensively. The conclusion in this paper shows that teachers in pedagogical competence can utilize human resources to develop more creative teaching materials based on Christian values, and are supported by adequate educational facilities.

The Career Guidance Socialization Program in Dusun 3 Pasirhalang, Langensari Village was conducted on Wednesday, February 12, 2025, involving students, teachers, and parents in the learning process. This initiative aims to enhance students' learning motivation and assist them in setting clear educational and career goals. The program provides career socialization and motivational sessions that introduce students to various professions and emphasize the importance of education in achieving a better future.The methods employed in this program include social intervention and Participatory Action Research (PAR), ensuring active participation from students, educators, and parents. Activities include career discussions, motivational speeches, workshops, and interactive sessions designed to increase students' awareness of career opportunities and the necessary steps to achieve their aspirations. Additionally, guidance counseling and religious recitation programs were integrated to strengthen students' character and instill positive values.The results of this initiative indicate a significant increase in student participation, improved awareness of educational and career goals, and enhanced parental involvement in supporting children's education. Many students showed greater enthusiasm in their studies, while parents expressed a better understanding of their role in guiding their children toward academic and professional success. Furthermore, the implementation of follow-up guidance sessions ensured the program's sustainability.Overall, this program has positively impacted the local community by improving educational quality and raising awareness of the importance of learning. By fostering a proactive mindset among students, it is hoped that they will be more motivated to pursue education with a clear vision for their future careers.

Multicultural education is an important approach in a diverse society like Indonesia, with the aim of developing human potential as a whole while respecting diversity. This education emphasizes the recognition and appreciation of cultural, ethnic, religious, and linguistic differences, and also develops an attitude of tolerance and empathy for individuals from diverse backgrounds. This study aims to determine the implementation of multicultural education in the Pancasila Education subject at SMP NEGERI 7 Medan. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of this study consisted of Pancasila education teachers and students at SMP NEGERI 7 Medan. The location of the study was chosen at SMP NEGERI 7 Medan because this school has implemented multicultural education that combines diversity in school life. SMP Negeri 7 Medan illustrates the abundant diversity of students, especially in the field of religion, with students from various beliefs studying together, as well as various social and cultural backgrounds. The school holds a weekly structured literacy program, which is linked to the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) to develop literacy skills and reinforce Pancasila values. Religious activities are held every Friday to strengthen students' religious and ethical values, while "Thursday Expression" acts as a place to celebrate Indonesia's cultural diversity. Healthy exercise for Indonesian children also reflects the Pancasila student profile and culturally diverse education. The realization of the Pancasila project has brought significant positive impacts, such as increasing tolerance, strengthening students' character, developing social skills, and creating an inclusive learning environment.

This study aims to examine the role of teachers in improving students' potential, with a focus on aspects of learning and character development. The role of teachers is very important in supporting the development of various student potentials, both in terms of academics and character, both of which contribute to students' readiness to face future challenges. This study uses a qualitative literature method. Data were collected through document analysis related to learning programs and extracurricular activities. The results of the study indicate that teachers play a role in identifying and exploring students' potential through creative and adaptive learning methods. The conclusion in this study shows that developing students' character by instilling moral values, discipline, and responsibility has an impact through direct role models, effective communication, and positive interactions between teachers and students. This study suggests the need for ongoing training for teachers so that they can be more optimal in developing students' academic and character potential.

This study aims to analyze the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers' work ethic in character building of students at SMP Negeri 4 Tuhemberua, North Nias Regency. The work ethic possessed by a teacher not only affects the quality of learning, but also has a significant impact on the formation of students' character, in terms of discipline, responsibility, and integrity. PAK teachers have a strategic role in instilling moral and spiritual values ​​through role models and teachings applied in everyday life. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method to describe the work ethic of PAK teachers that contributes to the formation of students' character. The results of the study indicate that the work ethic of PAK teachers, which includes exemplary behavior, discipline, and commitment to the profession, has an impact on the formation of students' character at SMP Negeri 4 Tuhemberua. Students who are equipped with the basic work ethic of teachers show an increase in attitudes of discipline, responsibility, and honesty. The conclusion in this study is that strengthening the capacity of PAK teachers in integrating work ethic in all aspects of learning is useful for supporting the formation of students' character.

The personality competence of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers is very important in creating a learning environment that supports the development of student character, especially through the application of religious norms that are in line with Christian teachings. This study aims to analyze the personality competence of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in applying religious norms for the formation of student character at SMA Negeri 1 Idanogawo, Nias Regency. This study uses a qualitative library approach through book and journal theories. The results of the study indicate that competence opens up new opportunities to enable teachers to integrate religious norms into the learning process for students. This role is also taught to students through Bible stories, discussions, and daily behavior. This paper concludes that the personality of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers not only enriches teaching materials, but also plays an important role in forming student character, which is in line with religious values ​​so that through the practice of religious norms as an example it greatly supports the formation of better student character.

The purpose of this study explores Christian religious education learning that develops students' potential at SMA Negeri 1 Siempat Nempu Hulu, Dairi Regency. Theories related to the contribution of Christian Religious Education teachers in developing students' character and potential are important references for analyzing the steps of activities carried out in learning. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis method, which involves data collection through interviews, observations, and document studies. The results of the study indicate that Christian religious education does not only focus on cognitive aspects, but also on developing students' moral and spiritual values. Through learning that is integrated with Christian values, students are taught to apply Christian values ​​in good character and independence. Thus, students are equipped with various skills from their potential so that they have an impact on their lives and the surrounding environment. The conclusion in this study emphasizes that teachers in teaching Christian education are useful in shaping character and developing students' potential, as well as providing recommendations for improving teaching methods to be more effective in achieving educational goals.

This study aims to analyze the pedagogical competence of Christian Religious Education teachers in implementing the demonstration method to students at SD Negeri 173182 Lobutolong, North Tapanuli Regency. The pedagogical competence in question includes the teacher's ability to design, implement, and evaluate effective learning, focusing on the demonstration method used to improve students' understanding and skills. This study is a descriptive qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were Christian Religious Education teachers at SD Negeri 173182 Lobutolong, as well as several students who were directly involved in the learning process. The study results indicate that Christian Religious Education teachers at SD Negeri 173182 Lobutolong have good pedagogical competence in implementing the demonstration method. Teachers can use the demonstration method effectively to teach Christian religious concepts, such as compassion, forgiveness, and other moral values, by actively involving students in the learning process. Applying the demonstration method positively impacts the learning process and the formation of student character. Therefore, schools need to continue to increase support for the development of teacher competence and the provision of facilities that support the optimal implementation of this method.

In the context of education, Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers not only function as teachers, but also as moral role models who teach Christian values ​​and social norms that are important for the development of students' character. This study aims to examine the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers based on social norms in building student character at SDN 064959 Medan Area. This study uses a qualitative literature method by collecting data from observations, interviews, and relevant literature studies. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers play a role in instilling Christian values ​​that teach social norms to maintain tolerance in living together with others. PAK teachers also function as facilitators in creating a learning environment that supports the development of empathy and social concern among students. This study emphasizes that Christian religious education has a significant impact on forming individuals who are not only knowledgeable, but also have strong moral and ethical integrity. The conclusion in this study provides insight into the development of a Christian religious education curriculum that is more effective and relevant to the needs of today's society.

This study aims to explore the optimization of pedagogical competence of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in the application of problem-based learning (PBM) methods at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran, North Tapanuli Regency. Teachers' pedagogical competence has a crucial role in designing and implementing effective learning processes, especially in the context of implementing PBM methods that aim to improve students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library approach from book and journal theories to explore information on how PAK teachers implement their pedagogical competence in PBM. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran have optimized their pedagogical competence in adapting the PBM method by focusing on the characteristics of student development which is carried out with a more personal approach. This study concludes that increasing training and development of pedagogical competence for PAK teachers through the application of PBM methods is very effective in improving the quality of learning at SMP Negeri 4 Pagaran.

The Community service is a community-based education that aims to hone students' thinking skills in socializing in the general public based on religious, social, cultural, aspirational, and potential characteristics. The Amborgang Elementary School Literacy and Numeracy Improvement Program through Learning Assistance that the author conducted was intended as part of the process of educating the nation's life as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This activity was carried out for 10 days along with the implementation of the HKBP Nommensen University Medan Community Service Practice Lecture program which lasted 14 days. This activity is targeted for grade I to grade VI elementary school. The implementation methods used include pre-assignment, assignment, observation and direct assistance in the field. The location of community service activities at Amborgang Elementary School, Amborgang Village, Porsea District, Toba Regency, North Sumatra Province. The form of assistance provided focuses on literacy and numeracy activities. The results of the learning assistance carried out were well received by all students of Amborgang Elementary School, this can be seen from the participation of elementary school students who participated during the companion teacher's learning and many students were able to read and count.

Challenges faced by Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in dealing with the diversity of student backgrounds that affect the acceptance of the values ​​taught This study examines the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in providing examples through noble morals to students at SMP Negeri 1 Lahomi, West Nias Regency. The noble morals possessed by a PAK teacher play an important role in shaping students' character, especially in the context of religious education that emphasizes moral and spiritual values. This study uses a qualitative literature method. Data were collected through document analysis related to learning activities and teacher interactions with students. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Lahomi provide strong examples through noble morals in various aspects, such as patience, honesty, discipline, and compassion. PAK teachers also use an approach based on religious values ​​to guide students in developing good character. This study concludes that strengthening PAK teachers to provide examples in developing noble morals has an impact on students in creating themselves as role models for others.

The application of Islamic values ​​in learning aqidah and akhlak at MTs Darunnajah aims to shape students' characters in accordance with Islamic teachings. This activity is carried out to improve the understanding and practice of Islamic values ​​in students' daily lives. The method used is a participatory approach, involving teachers and students in designing and implementing learning programs. The activity begins with a survey and observation to determine the conditions and needs of teaching in schools. Furthermore, training materials are prepared and delivered to students to introduce Islamic values ​​that can be applied in their lives. The results of this service show that most students begin to understand the importance of implementing Islamic values. Madrasahs need to continue this program in order to form better student characters and lead to the practice of Islamic teachings in everyday life.

This study discusses the obstacles and strategies in inclusive education. The main problem in this study is to analyze the obstacles and strategies of deaf and mentally retarded children. Deafness is a condition of hearing loss, where children who experience it have difficulty or decreased ability to hear. Mental retardation is an individual who significantly has below average intelligence or experiences intellectual disabilities. This study was conducted at the ABC Melati Aisyiah Special School. This study uses a qualitative research method, and the data collection techniques are observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The results of the study found obstacles and strategies that teachers need to implement appropriate strategies to overcome these obstacles. One strategy that can be done is to use media and learning aids that are in accordance with the characteristics of deaf students. Obstacles and strategies of teachers of mentally retarded children are lack of student focus during class lessons. Several factors that cause lack of concentration include their greater interest in games, delays in intellectual development, and disturbances from the noisy classroom environment.

This study focuses on the effect of applying the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model in the topic of reaction rate on the ability to think critically and the formation of character values of students in geographically remote areas (remote areas). This approach is designed to strengthen learners' understanding of scientific concepts in a relevant and contextual manner, by connecting them to the dynamics of real life - both in the personal, social and cultural domains. Thus, learners have the opportunity to build conceptual insights and adaptive skills independently. In addition, this real situation-based method contributes to fostering character values such as responsibility, discipline, innovation, curiosity, as well as social interaction skills and effective communication during the learning process. The literature review was conducted by collecting scientific publications released between 2018 and 2025. The findings of this review confirmed that the CTL approach has a real positive impact in honing critical thinking skills and fostering learners' character that supports their academic achievement. Therefore, it can be concluded that CTL is an efficient and relevant pedagogical method to be applied in teaching high school chemistry.

This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic Educational Guidance and Counseling in enhancing student participation and creativity in the Gebyar Muharram competition at the elementary school level in Sugarang Bayu Village, Bandar District, Simalungun Regency. This research employs a field research method with a descriptive qualitative approach, allowing the researcher to explore information in depth through direct observation and interviews with key informants such as the village head, students, and other related parties. The results reveal that Islamic Educational Guidance and Counseling plays a significant role in increasing student participation through approaches that involve motivation, confidence building, and exploring students' potential. This activity not only encourages student involvement in the competition but also has a positive impact on their character, such as fostering courage, self-confidence, and enthusiasm for learning. The guidance strategies applied, including group discussions (FGD), problem-solving activities, and creative task assignments, have proven effective in developing student creativity. Moreover, collaboration with the community and parents in skill training has further strengthened the relationship between the school, family, and community. This study concludes that the role of Islamic Educational Guidance and Counseling not only enhances student participation in competitions but also positively influences the holistic development of their character and skills. The findings highlight the importance of active involvement from counselors, teachers, and the community in creating a supportive and enjoyable Islamic learning environment.