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This study examines the implementation of speech therapy for children with speech delay at PSAA Balita Tunas Bangsa, an orphanage setting where children experience limited parental stimulation and various psychosocial challenges. The objective of this research is to analyze how speech therapy is carried out, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and understand its impact on children's expressive language development. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving the head of the institution, speech therapist, caregivers, and a child with speech delay. The findings show that speech therapy conducted through methods such as word repetition, picture-based learning, and interactive play is effective in enhancing children’s vocabulary, communicative confidence, and social interaction. Key supporting factors include caregiver involvement and adequate facilities, while limited therapy frequency and children's initial resistance become inhibiting factors. The results indicate that the integration of therapy with daily caregiver support significantly contributes to the child's language progress. These findings highlight the importance of consistent stimulation, collaborative care, and structured therapeutic programs in improving expressive language skills in institutionalized children with speech delay.

The issuance of electronic identity cards (e-KTP) represents one of the most fundamental public services administered by the Population and Civil Registration Office (Disdukcapil). Nevertheless, various forms of alleged maladministration in this service delivery continue to be unresolved in many regions, including Gorontalo Regency. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB) in e-KTP issuance practices at Disdukcapil Gorontalo Regency and to identify forms of alleged maladministration. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, primary data were drawn from the 2025 Maladministration Assessment Report of the Ombudsman RI Gorontalo Province Representative and official institutional documents, supplemented by secondary data from scientific journals, legislation, and verified news sources. Findings reveal that Gorontalo Regency obtained a final score of 64.79 with a 'Moderate Quality Without Maladministration' rating the lowest among four evaluated local governments. Three critical areas were identified: (1) non-compliance with service completion time standards, (2) unofficial administrative burdens including out-of-office form purchases, contravening the principle of proportionality, and (3) low public trust levels reflecting accountability deficits. This study contributes by elaborating the legal dimensions of AUPB as a more structured maladministration evaluation framework compared to prior studies focused primarily on public service management dimensions.

The absence of integrated blood stock management in hospitals, relying on current manual procedures, frequently results in delayed services and challenges in fulfilling blood requirements under emergencies. This research seeks to design and build a web-based blood stock monitoring platform called HemoBridge, offering real-time data accessible by the public, healthcare facilities, and the Ministry of Health. The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) framework with the well-known Waterfall approach was adopted, encompassing needs analysis, system architecture, development, verification, deployment, and upkeep. This study used a qualitative methodology through field observation and literature review. The platform was developed using PHP and the Laravel framework, with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and MySQL as supporting technologies. Findings indicate HemoBridge was successfully deployed with core features comprising a comprehensive landing page, donor education, role-based access control, an integrated hospital management panel, a Ministry of Health dashboard, and an advanced blood stock search module with referral capability. Validation through Black Box Testing across six primary functions confirmed all features performed as intended. The platform demonstrates the capacity to enhance data management efficiency, accelerate information retrieval, and strengthen evidence-based decision-making in healthcare. Prospective enhancements include automated stock alerts, data encryption, and wider interoperability with health institutions throughout Indonesia.

This article examines the leadership of Bu Nyai at Al-Azhar Azzayadiyah Islamic Boarding School as a representation of gender equality within traditional Islamic educational institutions. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies as data collection techniques. The research focuses on how Bu Nyai exercises leadership authority within a pesantren environment that has long been influenced by patriarchal values.\n\nThe findings reveal that Bu Nyai’s leadership is not only cultural and spiritual in nature, but also reflects the transformation of women’s roles within Islamic boarding schools. In carrying out her leadership, Bu Nyai applies charismatic, transformational, and value-based leadership styles grounded in Islamic teachings on justice and equality. This leadership is reflected in her ability to guide students, manage educational activities, build harmonious social relationships, and motivate members of the pesantren community.\n\nFurthermore, the presence of Bu Nyai as a leader demonstrates that women possess equal capabilities in developing Islamic educational institutions. The findings of this study provide important contributions to the development of gender studies in Islamic education in Indonesia, particularly regarding the strategic role of women in pesantren leadership.

Abstrack This study aimed to: (1) identify the description of social media marketing, price, and customer satisfaction; (2) analyze the influence of social media marketing and price on customer satisfaction both partially and simultaneously. The research method used was quantitative with an associative approach. Data were obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to customers and were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS 26. The population of this study was customers of Junior Audio Sound System, with a total of 72 respondents obtained through purposive sampling technique. The results of the study indicated that partially the social media marketing variable (X1) had a significant effect on customer satisfaction (Y). The price variable (X2) also had a significant effect on customer satisfaction (Y). Simultaneously, the social media marketing and price variables had a significant effect on customer satisfaction with Fcount > Ftable and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The magnitude of the contribution of the social media marketing and price variables to customer satisfaction was 26.4%, while the remaining 73.6% was influenced by other factors outside the research variables.   Keywords: Social Media Marketing, Price, Customer Satisfaction

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy on financial management behavior through financial attitudes among students of Universitas Kebangsaan Republik Indonesia (UKRI). The background of this research is the increasing importance of financial understanding among students in managing their personal finances effectively. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, where data were collected through questionnaires distributed to UKRI students. The data were analyzed using statistical methods to examine both direct and indirect relationships between variables. The results indicate that financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on financial management behavior. Furthermore, financial attitudes are proven to mediate the relationship between financial literacy and financial management behavior, indicating that better financial knowledge shapes positive attitudes, which in turn improve financial behavior. The findings imply that improving financial literacy and fostering positive financial attitudes are essential in promoting better financial management among students. Therefore, educational institutions are encouraged to enhance financial education programs to support students in achieving financial well-being.

Arabic language instruction in various educational institutions today is still dominated by the structuralist paradigm, which emphasizes the mechanical memorization of patterns and repetition without addressing aspects of linguistic creativity. This study aims to explore the essence of Generative-Transformational Linguistic Theory proposed by Noam Chomsky and to formulate innovative ways to implement it in Arabic language learning. The approach taken in this study is qualitative, specifically a literature review (library research). Data were collected through primary and secondary literature, which were then examined using content analysis methods through the steps of simplification., categorization, and interpretation. The research findings indicate that Generative-Transformative Theory shifts the focus of learning from imitation to creation through the use of the Language Acquisition Device (LAD). Through the dichotomy of deep structure and surface structure, students are guided to perform various transformational operations such as substitution (al-ibdal), expansion (al-ittisa’), elision (al-hadzf), and addition (al-ziyadah). This principle is also found to align with the classical linguist Ibn Jinni’s thoughts on the concepts of Asl and Furu’. This research suggests that teachers of grammar and word structure should change how they teach strategies into a cognitive-creative process that enables students to independently and authentically generate an unlimited number of new utterances.

This study examines the legal protection of children's rights to inclusive education and its implications for the institutional governance of Early Childhood Education (ECE) in Indonesia. A normative juridical method with a descriptive-qualitative library-based approach is used to evaluate the coherence between macro-level child protection regulations and operational standards for school management. The data are entirely secondary, sourced from statutory laws, ministerial regulations, and pertinent scientific literature. The findings reveal a fundamental tension: the constitutional rights of children with special needs to access non-discriminatory ECE are robustly guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 35/2014 on Child Protection, and Law No. 8/2016 on Persons with Disabilities, yet a wide gap persists at the implementation level. This discrepancy arises because derivative ECE governance instruments including accreditation frameworks and curriculum standards still frame inclusion readiness as a voluntary component rather than a binding obligation. Consequently, ECE institutions encounter systemic barriers in human resource management, physical accessibility, and curricular flexibility. The study underscores the urgency of transitioning ECE management toward a Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA) and recommends that the Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education reform accreditation instruments by embedding inclusive indicators as mandatory prerequisites for institutional feasibility, thereby aligning administrative governance with the fulfillment of children's constitutional rights.

Low student discipline, such as frequenttardiness, non-compliance with rules, and negligence in completing assignments,is an important topic that needs to be studied. This study aims to analyze the influence of parental attention and learning motivation onthe discipline of high school students. The research method usedis a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained from various articles, journals, and previous studiesrelevant to the topic in the range of 2012–2025. The results of the studyshow that parental attention as an external factor, throughsupervision, guidance, and emotional support, has a positive andsignificant effect on the formation of student discipline. On the other hand, learning motivationas an internal factor, both intrinsic in the form of motivation to achieve andperseverance, as well as extrinsic in the form of rewards and environmental support,has been proven to encourage students to be orderly, consistent, and responsible intheir studies. These findings confirm that the synergy between parental attention andlearning motivation contributes greatly to shaping student discipline, whichultimately has a positive impact on improving academic achievement andcreating an orderly and conducive school climate.

This study aims to analyze the use of digital learning media in improving learning outcomes and to examine the impact of social media on adolescents’ behavior in daily life in the digital era. The method used is a qualitative approach with a literature study (library research) design, conducted through the collection, review, and analysis of various relevant scholarly sources. The findings indicate that digital learning media play an important role in enhancing students’ motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes, as they are able to present material in an interactive, engaging, and easily understandable manner. On the other hand, social media has a dual impact on adolescents’ behavior. Its positive effects include ease of communication, access to information, and the development of creativity, while its negative effects include addiction, decreased learning focus, social comparison that lowers self-esteem, exposure to negative content, and the emergence of the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) phenomenon, which can affect mental health.  Therefore, the wise use of digital media and proper supervision are necessary to support the improvement of educational quality while also fostering positive character development in adolescents.

The background of this study was the fluctuation in net profit and the changes in current assets and current liabilities, which indicated an imbalance in the management of working capital at PT Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk during the 2020–2024 period). This study aimed to analyze the company's working capital and profitability, which were measured using the Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE) ratios. This study employed a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach.. The data consisted of the company's financial statements for the 2020–2024 period, which were obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the company's official website.. The results showed that the company's working capital remained positive but tended to decline, indicating a less favorable condition . The company's profitability was generally categorized as good, although the Gross Profit Margin was still considered less satisfactory.

The development of information technology and the internet has increased the use of online marketplaces as sources of transaction and information, including in the used vehicle sector. OLX provides vehicle information such as price, brand, year, fuel type, mileage, and seller location, but the data is presented individually, making overall market analysis difficult. This study aims to design a used car market analysis dashboard based on OLX advertisement data in the Greater Jakarta area using a Business Intelligence (BI) approach. Data were collected through web scraping and processed through data cleaning to improve quality. Market segmentation was conducted using the K-Means Clustering method based on vehicle price, year, and mileage. A Star Schema analytical database was implemented to support data management and visualization. User information needs were identified through questionnaires to determine Measures and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The dashboard was developed using Microsoft Power BI and features interactive visualizations, including KPI Cards, Bar Charts, Line Charts, and Pie Charts. Results show that the dashboard presents market information in a structured and informative manner, including vehicle counts, average prices, market trends, brand and location distributions, and segmentation results. Black Box Testing confirmed that all dashboard functions operated as expected, supporting faster and more effective data-driven decision making.

Coffee consumption among university students has increased and has become an integral part of both academic and social activities. The caffeine content in coffee is believed to improve concentration, maintain mood, and reduce drowsiness. However, repeated coffee consumption may also lead to negative effects, including mild psychological dependence in some individuals. This study aimed to explore coffee consumption and the potential for dependence among students of the Faculty of Public Health, UIN Sumatera Utara. The study employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The participants consisted of 30 active students who regularly consumed coffee and were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using semi-structured interview guidelines and analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings revealed that coffee consumption among students was influenced by academic demands, late-night study habits, psychological factors, social environments, and hanging-out culture. Students consumed coffee to improve concentration, maintain mood, reduce sleepiness, and support the completion of academic tasks. In addition, some students considered coffee an important part of their lifestyle and social interactions. The study also identified the potential for mild psychological dependence, characterized by decreased concentration, increased drowsiness, and reduced enthusiasm when coffee was not consumed. These findings indicate the importance of providing education regarding safe and healthy caffeine consumption among university students to prevent adverse effects associated with excessive coffee intake.

The development of digital technology has brought major changes to people's lives, including in the fields of education, economics, and social life. However, many people are still unable to utilize digital technology optimally, especially communities in remote areas. This study aims to analyze the role of out-of-school education as a solution for community empowerment in the digital era. This study uses a qualitative approach. While this type of research uses case studies. Case studies are empirical methods that investigate contemporary phenomena in real-life contexts, especially when the boundaries between phenomena and contexts are unclear. The results of the study indicate that out-of-school education has a strategic role in improving people's digital skills through technology-based training, courses, and empowerment programs. Out-of-school education is also able to improve the quality of human resources, expand digital economic opportunities, and reduce the digital divide in society. Thus, out-of-school education is a relevant and flexible educational alternative in facing the challenges of the digital era.

This study examines the phenomenon of fatherlessness in Indonesia and its relevance to Human security. Rather than limiting the concept to the physical absence of a father, this research highlights functional fatherlessnes s, where the father is present but does not perform his roles in caregiving, emotional support, and economic responsibility. Using a qualitative approach through literature review and conceptual analysis, this study explores how disruptions in family roles can generate broader social vulnerabilities. The findings indicate that fatherlessness is closely linked to various dimensions of human security, particularly personal, economic, and community security. The absence or dysfunction of paternal roles weakens the family as the primary unit of protection, potentially affecting individual well-being, social stability, and the overall quality of human resources. Furthermore, this study finds that existing state responses tend to be reactive and have not fully addressed the issue of functional fatherlessness as a structural social concern. Therefore, this research argues that fatherlessness should be understood not merely as a private family issue, but as a non-traditional security challenge that requires comprehensive policy attention to strengthen human security in Indonesia.

The rapid growth of digital technology and social media has reshaped communication practices, consumer behavior, and marketing approaches, particularly among Generation Z, who are widely recognized as digital natives. For this generation, social media serves as a major channel for obtaining information and exploring product references before making purchase decisions. In this environment, influencer marketing has emerged as a prominent promotional approach because it can foster audience interaction, emotional connection, and trust more effectively than conventional advertising. This study examines the role of influencer marketing in shaping the digital behavior of Generation Z in Indonesia. A qualitative literature review method was employed by analyzing secondary sources drawn from academic journals, books, and related publications. The findings indicate that influencer marketing has a meaningful influence on information-seeking behavior, decision-making processes, and the level of digital engagement among Generation Z. Influencers are commonly viewed as more credible, relatable, and authentic sources of information. Furthermore, the effectiveness of influencer marketing is determined more by credibility, authenticity, and the quality of interaction than by follower count alone. These findings suggest that companies should adopt digital marketing strategies that are more interactive, personalized, and relationship-oriented in order to engage Generation Z more effectively.

Village governance plays an important role in supporting the effectiveness of development planning and improving community welfare. This study aims to analyze financial management governance and the process of preparing the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBKal) in Kalurahan Poncosari, Bantul Regency, for the 2025 fiscal year. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method, involving in-depth interviews with key informants and documentation analysis of relevant regulations and financial reports. The results show that financial management in Kalurahan Poncosari has been implemented systematically through the stages of planning, implementation, administration, reporting, and accountability in accordance with applicable regulations. The planning process is conducted in a participatory manner through tiered community deliberations, such as hamlet-level deliberations and village development planning deliberations, involving residents. In addition, the use of digital systems such as E-RAB and Siskeudes supports transparency and administrative order. However, challenges remain, including limited budget flexibility due to mandatory programs from central and regional governments, limited human resource capacity, and shifts in community participation patterns. In conclusion, the governance of APBKal in Kalurahan Poncosari demonstrates compliance and accountability; however, improvements in administrative capacity and fiscal flexibility are needed to better respond to community needs.

Stunting remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia, requiring systematic early detection and community-based interventions. This community service activity aimed to implement early stunting detection through parental health education and anthropometric measurements of children under five at Posyandu Pasir Putih, Kelurahan Baurung, Kecamatan Banggae Timur, Kabupaten Majene, West Sulawesi. A participatory approach was used, combining interactive health education sessions with standardized anthropometric screening (weight, height/length, mid-upper arm circumference, and head circumference) for 35 toddlers aged 0–59 months. Parental knowledge was assessed using pre-test and post-test questionnaires administered to 38 parents. Results showed a significant increase in parental knowledge, from a mean pre-test score of 52.4 (poor category) to 81.6 (good category) on post-test. Anthropometric assessment revealed that 13 out of 35 toddlers (37.1%) were identified as stunted (25.7% stunted; 11.4% severely stunted). All identified cases were referred to the local health center (Puskesmas) for specific nutritional interventions including supplementary feeding and intensive nutrition counseling. These findings indicate that integrated anthropometric screening combined with targeted parental education is an effective strategy for early stunting identification at the community level. Posyandu plays a crucial role as a platform for translating anthropometric data into meaningful risk communication and promoting sustained community engagement in child growth monitoring

The rapid development of digital technology and changes in consumer behavior require Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to adapt in marketing and service aspects. Rumah Makan Padang Sari Bundo, a culinary MSME located in Pasir Gadung, Cikupa, faced several problems, including limited use of social media, underutilization of digital platforms such as Google Maps, and the absence of cashless payment systems. This community service activity aimed to improve business competitiveness through the digitalization of marketing and services. The method applied was the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) approach, consisting of planning, implementation, evaluation, and follow-up stages. The implementation included creating Instagram and WhatsApp Business accounts, optimizing Google Maps, and applying the QRIS digital payment system. The results showed increased business visibility, easier customer access to information, and improved transaction convenience through cashless payments. Furthermore, digitalization enabled the MSME to become more adaptive to technological developments and modern consumer needs. Therefore, digital transformation at Rumah Makan Padang Sari Bundo represents an important step in supporting business sustainability and improving competitiveness in the digital era.

This study aims to clarify the conceptual differences between measurement, assessment, and evaluation; present a comparative analysis of their characteristics; formulate concrete application examples across four Arabic language skills (istima', kalam, qira'ah, and kitabah) in madrasah; and analyze evaluation principles in creating an objective and fair assessment system. The study employs a library research method with a descriptive-analytical approach through content analysis of relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that measurement, assessment, and evaluation form a hierarchical and mutually reinforcing relationship, yet they differ in scope, function, and purpose. Measurement focuses on quantifying learning outcomes, assessment interprets those results, and evaluation provides overall judgment for decision-making. The current imbalance in Arabic language evaluation at madrasah, which often emphasizes cognitive measurement alone, can be improved through comprehensive assessment of all four language skills. This should be grounded in principles of validity, reliability, objectivity, practicality, and positive washback to ensure a fair, meaningful, and educationally sound evaluation system.