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As global pressure for decarbonizing the maritime sector intensifies, ports worldwide, including in Indonesia, are facing demands to transform into green ports. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the multidimensional challenges and complex stakeholder dynamics in the implementation of the green port concept in Indonesia. Using a descriptive qualitative method based on a documentary study, this research integrates Stakeholder Theory and Institutional Theory to dissect the interactions among actors and the external pressures shaping sustainability strategies. The main findings indicate that the green transition in Indonesian ports is hindered by three primary challenges: (1) economic constraints related to high investment and operational costs, (2) socio-economic trade-offs that risk impeding regional economic growth, and (3) fragmented governance among government institutions. Stakeholder analysis identifies fundamental conflicts of interest among the government, port operators, the private sector, and local communities. The implication of this research is the need for a shift from showcase projects to a holistic, systemic transformation, supported by a robust multi-stakeholder governance platform and effective incentive schemes to encourage widespread adoption of green technology.

This research explores the combined effects of content marketing and brand experience on customer response, a relationship that has not been extensively studied in previous research. The study highlights the significance of customer service as a key determinant of business success, emphasizing that when customers feel valued and receive prompt responses from a company, their satisfaction, loyalty, and willingness to engage with the brand increase. The research was conducted on a sample of customers from the General Company for Southern Cement, specifically the Kufa Cement Factory. The study focused on Ordinary Portland Cement and sulfate-resistant cement. A total of 85 questionnaire forms were distributed, with 80 valid responses collected for statistical analysis.The findings indicate that both content marketing and brand experience play a crucial role in enhancing customer communication and service quality. Effective content marketing strategies contribute to better training for customer support teams, ensuring a more responsive and engaging interaction with customers. Furthermore, improving communication channels and response speed positively impacts customer satisfaction. By adopting content marketing strategies and leveraging brand experience, businesses can enhance customer engagement, strengthen relationships, and ultimately achieve their organizational goals.The research recommends integrating content marketing into business operations to build long-term customer relationships and improve brand reputation. Additionally, companies should establish a dedicated internal department for marketing, ensuring that content marketing efforts are credible, relevant, and engaging. By creating meaningful and interactive content, businesses can attract and retain customers, fostering brand loyalty and trust over time.

This study aims to examine the influence of learning attitudes, student ethics, and peer interaction on entrepreneurial attitudes among Grade VII students at SMP Negeri 6 Bulukumba. A quantitative research method was applied with a saturated sampling technique involving 49 students. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression, t-test, and F-test in SPSS 26. The results show that each independent variable—learning attitude, ethics, and peer interaction—has a significant positive impact on students’ entrepreneurial attitudes. Collectively, these variables also significantly influence entrepreneurial behavior. The study emphasizes the importance of academic, ethical, and social factors in promoting entrepreneurial mindset in secondary education settings.

Challenges faced by Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in dealing with the diversity of student backgrounds that affect the acceptance of the values ​​taught This study examines the role of Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers in providing examples through noble morals to students at SMP Negeri 1 Lahomi, West Nias Regency. The noble morals possessed by a PAK teacher play an important role in shaping students' character, especially in the context of religious education that emphasizes moral and spiritual values. This study uses a qualitative literature method. Data were collected through document analysis related to learning activities and teacher interactions with students. The results of the study indicate that PAK teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Lahomi provide strong examples through noble morals in various aspects, such as patience, honesty, discipline, and compassion. PAK teachers also use an approach based on religious values ​​to guide students in developing good character. This study concludes that strengthening PAK teachers to provide examples in developing noble morals has an impact on students in creating themselves as role models for others.

This study examines the relationship between cultural heritage and syntactic evolution in multilingual societies, focusing on cross-generational language transmission. Employing a mixed-methods approach, it analyzes linguistic practices, cultural narratives, and syntactic patterns across three generational cohorts in five distinct multilingual communities. Findings reveal significant generational shifts, with elders preserving traditional syntax linked to cultural rituals, while younger cohorts exhibit syntactic simplifications and hybrid constructions influenced by dominant languages. Statistical analyses underscore the role of cultural practices in shaping linguistic patterns, highlighting the dynamic interplay between heritage preservation and linguistic innovation in contexts of societal bilingualism and intercultural interaction. The research demonstrates that syntactic changes correlate strongly with the frequency and depth of cultural engagement, with participants who actively participate in traditional practices showing greater retention of heritage language syntactic features. Furthermore, we identify specific linguistic mechanisms through which cultural transmission influences syntactic maintenance and innovation, including ritualized speech patterns, narrative structures, and metaphorical expressions embedded in cultural practices. This study contributes to theoretical understandings of language change by proposing a cultural-syntactic framework that helps explain the variable trajectories of heritage languages in diverse multilingual contexts.

The ability to speak in public is commonly referred to as public speaking, which is part of non-formal education, specifically skills education. With the skills one possesses, they can have better self-confidence. Public speaking plays a significant role in interactions between individuals. This service activity, which is educational training, is carried out with the aim of providing development and expertise that benefits both the individual and the company or organization. Along with the development of times, the need for soft skills training such as public speaking has become a priority for many people. In fact, many parents also prepare their children to have good public speaking skills from an early age. Public speaking training is not only important for personal development but also plays a significant role in supporting success in various fields, such as in the workplace, education, and social activities. Therefore, it is essential for each individual to have good public speaking skills to face various challenges in communication and interaction with others. This training provides an understanding of effective speaking techniques, ways to overcome nervousness, and enhances the ability to communicate clearly and confidently.

Labeling in adolescents can be formed from a deviation that occurs due to a negative gap in their social environment, which affects their behavior and lifestyle. Islamic Junior High School are not differentiated from other public schools because adolescents always want to try new things to find their identity. In addition, the formation of self-concept is also obtained from the process of interaction with the social environment with the suitability between self-image and ideal self. This study aims to see the relationship between self-concept formation and labeling actions in adolescents, so this research is quantitative correlation with data collection using a questionnaire. The results obtained from this study show that there is an act of labeling in schools with Islamic values and the formation of self-concept in adolescents can be influenced by the act of labeling with a positive and significant value. Adolescents who are socially labeled will see themselves as the label given by their environment.  

This study focuses on the effect of applying the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model in the topic of reaction rate on the ability to think critically and the formation of character values of students in geographically remote areas (remote areas). This approach is designed to strengthen learners' understanding of scientific concepts in a relevant and contextual manner, by connecting them to the dynamics of real life - both in the personal, social and cultural domains. Thus, learners have the opportunity to build conceptual insights and adaptive skills independently. In addition, this real situation-based method contributes to fostering character values such as responsibility, discipline, innovation, curiosity, as well as social interaction skills and effective communication during the learning process. The literature review was conducted by collecting scientific publications released between 2018 and 2025. The findings of this review confirmed that the CTL approach has a real positive impact in honing critical thinking skills and fostering learners' character that supports their academic achievement. Therefore, it can be concluded that CTL is an efficient and relevant pedagogical method to be applied in teaching high school chemistry.

The interaction between teachers and students plays a crucial role in creating an effective learning environment. Empathy-based communication is an approach that can enhance the quality of interaction by understanding students' emotional and academic needs. This study aims to analyze the role of empathetic communication in supporting the teaching process. A qualitative research approach was employed, with a case study conducted at SDN 060842 Sekip Medan. Data were collected through observations and interviews with homeroom teachers. The findings indicate that empathy-based communication can increase student participation, create a positive learning environment, and help teachers identify learning obstacles. However, the implementation of empathetic communication still faces challenges, such as teachers' workload and time constraints. Therefore, training and policies that support its implementation in schools are necessary. This study emphasizes that empathetic communication is not just a teaching strategy but also a means of building stronger and more harmonious relationships between teachers and students.

This study aims to analyze the design of Indonesian horror film posters through Pierre Bourdieu's sociological lens. The main focus of the study is to understand how the visual elements in the poster reflect the social dynamics, culture, and structure of the film industry. By using the concepts of habitus, capital (cultural, symbolic, economic), field, doxa, and social reproduction, this study reveals that the design of horror film posters not only functions as a promotional tool, but also as a medium that reproduces local cultural values ​​and community beliefs about the supernatural world. Elements such as traditional ghosts such as genderuwo, kuntilanak and mystical symbols such as keris, offerings, then there are dark colors, and a scary atmosphere reflect the habits of audiences who are familiar with local myths. This study also shows that horror film posters reproduce stereotypes about the relationship between humans and the supernatural world, and strengthen the hierarchy of spiritual power through visual symbols. These findings confirm the relevance of Bourdieu's theory in understanding cultural phenomena through visual media. This study is expected to provide new insights for filmmakers, graphic designers, and students in understanding the interaction between culture, aesthetics, and the film industry.

Access to education that is close and affordable is a major obstacle in Patane II Village, Access to education that is close and affordable is a major obstacle in Patane II Village, Porsea District, Toba Regency. Because there are no schools in the area, children have to go to other villages to study, which has an impact on their physical condition, study time, and safety. Excessive use of electronic devices also has a negative impact on children's learning efforts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the challenges of education in the area and offer community-based solutions involving the government, community, and the use of technology. This study identifies various approaches to tutoring and research related to children's schools. The qualitative methods used are direct observation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that community-based solutions can effectively and sustainably improve access to education. Through the Student Service Practice Lecture Program (KPPM), children's interest in education has increased, especially in mathematics and English. In addition, students' social interactions with children help them reduce their dependence on electronic devices and increase awareness of the importance of education. Further collaboration is needed between the government, community, and educational institutions to achieve long-term goals, such as further school construction, improving teacher quality, and monitoring the use of electronic devices to increase children's learning opportunities.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed marketing strategies in various industries, including insurance. Digital marketing plays a crucial role in increasing brand awareness, attracting potential customers, and influencing purchasing decisions. This study aims to explore the role of digital marketing as a promotional tool in enhancing the purchase of insurance products at PT. Asuransi Allianz Life Indonesia using a qualitative approach.This research adopts a qualitative methodology with a case study approach. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with key informants (Chief Account Officer Allianz) and insurance agents at Allianz Life Indonesia. Additionally, document analysis and observations of the company’s digital marketing strategies were used to gain comprehensive insights. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and key themes related to the effectiveness of digital marketing in influencing customer decisions.The findings reveal that digital marketing plays a significant role in shaping customer perceptions and purchasing decisions. Social media engagement, personalized content, and interactive customer communication are key factors in building trust and increasing customer interest in insurance products. Moreover, challenges such as digital competition, data privacy concerns, and customer skepticism towards online promotions were identified as barriers that need to be addressed to enhance digital marketing effectiveness.The study implies that insurance companies should continuously adapt their digital marketing strategies by leveraging data analytics, improving customer interaction, and providing transparent and informative content. By strengthening these aspects, digital marketing can serve as a powerful tool to enhance competitiveness and sustain growth in the insurance industry within the digital era.

The advancement of information and communication technology has driven the utilization of social media as a strategic communication tool in various sectors, including national defense. The Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemhan RI), through the Defense Information Bureau, leverages social media platforms to educate the public on defense issues via the Podcast Pertahanan Negara (PODCAST) program. This study aims to analyze the communication approach employed by the Defense Information Bureau in PODCAST and its effectiveness in enhancing public defense literacy. This research adopts a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, content observation of PODCAST episodes, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the Defense Information Bureau implements a digital communication strategy based on engagement, interactivity, and education through discussions with expert speakers and the delivery of information in an engaging manner. The program has proven effective in increasing public understanding of defense issues, yet it still faces challenges in reaching a broader audience and encouraging active public participation. The study underscores the importance of optimizing digital communication strategies in national defense education. Recommendations include enhancing two-way audience interaction, diversifying content formats, and collaborating with various stakeholders to expand the reach of defense education through social media.

Every teenager needs something called self-confidence because self-confidence plays an important role in developing personality and skills to become better. Problems that affect the self-confidence of teenagers living in social institutions include teenagers who have an inferior and shy attitude when appearing in public, often isolate themselves, do not focus on studying, and are reluctant to express their opinions. This can cause teenagers to regret the situation. The purpose of this study was to determine and describe how emotional support from caregivers increases the self-confidence of late adolescents, and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors in providing emotional support from caregivers to late adolescents. This research method uses a qualitative approach with data obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that emotional support provided by caregivers, seen through consistent empathy, sincere concern, responsive attention, and appreciation through praise, increases the self-confidence and motivation of adolescents. Encouragement for active participation and responsibility also helps adolescents overcome fears and develop their potential. Supporting factors include adolescents' openness to advice, while rejection of help is an inhibiting factor. Case studies show that emotional support and positive social interactions significantly increase self-confidence, with positive changes observed in late adolescents at the Taruna Jaya 1 social care center for adolescents.

The aim of this study is to identify the factors that cause learning difficulties among students in biology lessons in class XI at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano during the 2024/2025 academic year. The identified issues include students having difficulty understanding the material taught, lacking focus during lessons, ineffective teaching strategies, and low student motivation. This research uses a descriptive approach with a qualitative design, where data was collected through interviews and documentation. The study was conducted from November 6 to November 28, 2024, with 18 class XI students as the subjects. Interviews were conducted using 100 prepared questions. Data analysis was performed descriptively with percentage calculations. The results indicate that internal and external factors influence the factors causing learning difficulties in biology lessons for class XI students. Internal factors include interest (26.5%), motivation (35.9%), physical health (38.3%), intellectual ability (28.6%), attitude (43.4%), learning attention (32.3%), learning readiness (48.9%), talent (42.5%), physical condition (25.3%), and emotional factors (32.5%), all of which are categorized as low. External factors include family environment (48.9%), school environment (45.6%), interaction with teachers (42.7%), interaction with peers (35.4%), facilities and infrastructure (54.6%), technology and learning media (63.6%), curriculum (65.4%), learning environment at home (52.3%), family economic conditions (56.7%), and school education policies (43.5%), with most of these external factors showing a low to moderate category. This study concludes that class XI students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano experience the most significant learning difficulties related to external factors, such as the curriculum, and internal factors, such as students' learning readiness.

The Jelekong landfill was a temporary landfill site following a landslide at the Leuwigajah landfill. TPA Jelekong was officially closed at the end of 2005 because it was no longer able to accommodate the increasing volume of waste. However, the impact of activities from the former landfill still has the potential to pollute the environment, especially groundwater sources. The research aimed to identify the physical and chemical parameters of water in the Jelekong ex-landfill case study area and the surrounding area, and to compare the physical and chemical parameters of water between the Jelekong ex-landfill and the landfill that is still operating (Sarimukti landfill). Data were obtained from 4 water sample points and tested using several test methods, namely Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Ion Chromatography (IC), alkalinity, and stable water isotopes. The results showed that the physical characteristics of the Jelekong area generally have a neutral pH with one point having an alkaline pH (JL-02) due to interaction with andesite lithology and the highest DO concentration at point JL-02. While the Sarimukti landfill has a pH value of 7.89-8.27 indicating the result of high bicarbonate concentrations, the TDS value of 15700-18200 ppm indicates the large number of ions and solutes derived from organic and inorganic waste. Piper diagrams show two water facies in the Jelekong area, Ca-HCO3 and Na-HCO3. Sample JL-03 indicates a mixture with landfill leachate due to high Cl and SO4 concentrations. Sample JL-01 still indicates leachate because when compared to the sarimukti sample, the Cl and SO4 concentrations are still quite high indicating a result of both organic and inorganic waste. Stable isotope test results indicated that the water was derived from local precipitation.

This study examines the implementation of Arabic language learning based on the Qur'an at Mushollah Zubhatul Hasan, focusing on the sorogan and talaqqi methods. The sorogan method allows students to read directly in front of their teacher, receiving guidance on pronunciation, meaning, and sentence structure. This individual approach provides a more personalized learning experience, enabling students to receive immediate corrections. Meanwhile, the talaqqi method emphasizes listening and repeating the teacher’s recitation collectively, improving fluency, tajwid accuracy, and linguistic comprehension. Additionally, the practice of daily Arabic conversations in the Mushollah environment plays a crucial role in reinforcing language acquisition. Initially, students faced challenges in speaking Arabic, but continuous practice helped them develop confidence and fluency. This immersive approach allows students not only to learn Arabic theoretically but also to internalize it through practical use. The findings highlight that combining sorogan, talaqqi, and Arabic-speaking habits effectively enhances students’ Arabic proficiency, both in understanding Qur'anic texts and applying the language in daily interactions. This study underscores the importance of integrating structured teaching methods with real-life practice to achieve comprehensive Arabic language mastery in a religious learning setting.

The Constitutional Court (MK) Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 has attracted attention in Indonesian legal studies because it is related to the constitutionality test of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). The validity of this Constitutional Court Decision, when analyzed through the lens of legal realism, can be understood as the result of a compromise between the law as a norm that must be obeyed and the changing needs of society. Social factors, such as pressure from community groups or public opinion, play a significant role in influencing the Constitutional Court's decision. In this case, the Constitutional Court is tasked with interpreting the constitution in a broader context, which includes responses to socio-political dynamics and developing community aspirations. The legal realism perspective provides an understanding that the validity of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 does not only depend on the text of the constitution, but is also influenced by developing socio-political dynamics. The Constitutional Court's decision reflects the interaction between legal norms and existing social conditions, with the Constitutional Court functioning as an institution that responds to social demands.

This study investigates the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) on firm value, with Green Innovation (GI) as a moderating variable. The research is based on secondary data from manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2021 to 2023, analyzed using path analysis with a moderated regression approach in SPSS. The findings reveal that ESG has a significant but negative impact on firm value, suggesting that ESG investments may be perceived as cost burdens in the short term. Meanwhile, EMA does not have a significant effect on firm value, indicating that its role in firm valuation remains unclear. The moderating role of GI does not significantly strengthen the relationship between ESG and firm value, while the interaction between EMA and GI negatively affects firm value,implying that green innovation strategies may introduce additional financial burdens. These findings highlight the complexity of sustainability investments and emphasize the need for a balanced approach to ESG and EMA implementation to optimize long-term firm value. The study contributes to legitimacy and stakeholder theories by demonstrating how sustainability strategies can influence financial outcomes. It provides practical insights for businesses to develop more effective ESG disclosure and EMA implementation strategies that align with investor expectations and long-term firm sustainability

Bahasa Indonesia, as the official language and primary means of communication in Indonesia, not only serves as a link between diverse ethnicities and cultures, but also as an effective medium for conveying democratic values ​​to students. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to understand the meaning behind the use of language in learning activities. The results of the study indicate that good mastery of Bahasa Indonesia can facilitate constructive discussions and interactions, support the teaching of democratic values, and create an inclusive learning environment. Through interactive learning strategies, prospective PPKn teachers can instill awareness of the importance of active participation in a democratic society, build mutual respect, and appreciate differences of opinion among students. This study emphasizes the importance of developing Indonesian language competence for prospective teachers as an effort to create a generation that cares and is responsible for national and state life.