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This research aims to throughly explore the differentiation strategy model implemented by the small-medium enterprise (SME) grocery store of  "Yussandi Komunika," in integrating digital transaction services such as prepaid credits, electricity tokens, and e-wallet top-ups, as an effort to create a competitive advantage. The background of the problem is driven by the highly competitive conditions in densely populated areas, where traditional grocery stores are compelled to transform in order to maintain their business relevance.Digital service innovation, presented through an adaptive and user-focused platform, has proven to be a core competency that is difficult to imitate and rare, simultaneously providing a sustainable competitive advantage. This innovation not only addresses the challenges of densely populated conditions but also establishes a new standard for efficiency and customer experience in a competitive market.The effective differentiation model for multi-service grocery stores in highly competitive areas is not solely based on price, but rather on a combination of services and the quality of interpersonal service. The store transforms into a "mini service point" offering one-stop shopping convenience for customers. The main differentiation strategies identified include: (1) Core Service Differentiation (offering comprehensive PPOB (Payment Point Online Banking) services and e-wallet balance availability), (2) Personnel Differentiation (quality of communication and speed of friendly service), and (3) Image Differentiation (creating a perception as a trustworthy and modern store).  

This research seeks to examine the management of transparent and accountable civil service transfers and promotions in the Formation and Mutation Division of Pasuruan City's Civil Service Agency (BKD). The study is based on the significance of the merit system in upholding bureaucratic professionalism, since the procedures for transfer and promotion frequently influence equity and organizational effectiveness. Employing a qualitative case study method, data were gathered via in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document examination. The results show that the transfer and promotion systems in BKD Pasuruan have progressed towards transparency via data-driven management, yet obstacles persist in communicating policies and involving employees in performance evaluations. Accountability has been enhanced via performance-driven assessments incorporated with the e-performance system and job analysis. The conversation emphasizes that the effectiveness of governance practices is affected by organizational flexibility, engaged leadership, and the public service motivation of civil servants. This research determines that the interplay of data-based policies, performance assessment frameworks, and a transparent bureaucratic environment establishes the basis for creating a just, efficient, and sustainable civil service governance model.

The growth of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is causing big shifts in management roles and how ready organizations are, especially in private hospitals. In Medan City, rising competition, a small healthcare workforce, and strict accreditation requirements all make it even more important to use digital technology to make operations more efficient. This study seeks to examine the impact of AI on organizational readiness, utilizing management performance as a mediating variable. Quantitative approaches were employed via a survey of managers and administrative personnel at private hospitals, and the data were analyzed using path analysis with SPSS. The findings indicate that AI exerts a favorable and considerable influence on management performance, which in turn directly enhances organizational readiness. Additionally, managerial performance has been demonstrated to mediate the relationship between AI and organizational readiness. These findings address a research gap concerning the mechanisms of AI's role in the managerial context of hospitals in developing countries and offer practical implications for fortifying digital strategies, cultivating human resource competencies, and augmenting organizational capabilities in response to technology-driven healthcare transformation.

The use of electronic cigarettes (vapes) among adolescents continues to increase and has emerged as a significant public health concern influenced by the interaction of individual, social, and environmental factors. This study aims to comprehensively riview the factors influencing adolescent e-cigarette use from the perspective of Social Cognitive Theory. A descriptive-narrative literature review was conducted using empirical national and international studies published between 2015 and 2025 and retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The synthesis of the literature indicates that adolescent vaping behavior is influenced by social environmental factors, including peer influence and exposure to social media, as well as personal cognitive factors such as knowledge, risk perception, outcome expectations, and self-efficacy. These factors operate thorugh observational learning and reciprocal interactions between individuals, environment, and behavior. This review concludes that Social Cognitive Theory provides a relevant and comprehensive framework for understanding adolescent vaping behavior and offers a foundations for the development of effective health promotion interventions and preventive policies.

Changes in working-hour policies can bring both positive and negative impacts to an organization. At a private university, the implementation of such a policy has generated noticeable reactions among employees, particularly administrative staff who are directly affected by daily operational regulations. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the revised working-hour policy, specifically how it is understood, practiced, and accepted by administrative personnel. In addition, the study examines the relationship between employees’ acceptance of the policy and Barnard’s theory of acceptance of authority, which emphasizes four conditions that must be met for individuals to willingly comply with directives or regulations. The results show that violations of the working-hour policy fall into the low category at 64%, medium at 24%, and high at only 12%. These findings indicate that the majority of administrative staff still attempt to comply with the policy despite adjustments that may be perceived as burdensome. Among the four conditions supporting compliance according to Barnard, the belief that the policy does not conflict with personal goals was found to have a significant relationship with the level of violation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.304 and a significance value of 0.032. This suggests that the greater the alignment between the policy and individual goals, the lower the likelihood of violation. Future studies are needed to convert violation rates into compliance measures so that the direction of the correlation can be interpreted more accurately.

The phenomenon of job hopping has become an important concern in the dynamics of modern employment, especially among generations X, Y, and Z. Frequent job changes in a short period are often triggered by various factors, ranging from the pursuit of job satisfaction, the need for flexibility, to the desire to gain broader experience (Arlita & Sari, 2025). The internal socialization activities conducted at PT Borneo Samarinda aim to enhance employees’ understanding of job hopping behavior and its impact on organizational stability and company productivity. These activities are carried out in the form of interactive sharing sessions involving employees across divisions. The socialization materials include the understanding of the job hopping concept, main causes in each generation, negative impacts on the company, and adaptive solutions that can be implemented by management and employees. Results show increased participant awareness regarding the risks of job hopping, particularly related to reduced loyalty, high recruitment costs, and loss of institutional knowledge. Open discussions during the sessions revealed employees’ commitment to be more reflective about their personal careers and loyalty to the company. This socialization is expected to be a preventive step that encourages strengthening the organizational culture and creating a balance between individual satisfaction and corporate sustainability.

This research aims to evaluate the implementation of guidance and counseling (BK) at SMPIT Widya Duta, an integrated Islamic school in Bekasi City. The method used in this research is qualitative research. The data collection techniques were gathered through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with BK teachers and students, and documentation. The results show that BK services are structured based on the Service Implementation Plan (RPL) with a focus on four areas: personal, social, learning, and career, as well as individual counseling as the most preferred service. The results also indicate that the BK teacher's approach includes initial observation, peer strategies for introverted students, and enforcement of confidentiality, with stakeholder collaboration as a supporting factor. Recommendations that can be given to improve the effectiveness of BK services include collaborative interdisciplinary training, continuous evaluation, and technology integration to strengthen synergy between PAI teachers, BK, and parents to address operational challenges and optimize student learning comfort and character development.

Literary works are not only created for entertainment, but also to describe human life, which is full of values and moral issues. William Shakespeare's play ‘Timon of Athens’, which shows how a person is tested when betrayed by wealth, power, and friendship. This study aims to examine how morality is depicted in the play using Friedrich Nietzsche's theory of ‘master morality’ and ‘slave morality’. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method by analysing excerpts from the dialogue in the play “Timon of Athens” that demonstrate moral values. The results show that this play mostly depicts slave morality (65%), as Timon transforms from a kind and proud figure into someone filled with hatred and resentment after being betrayed. Meanwhile, master morality (35%) appears at the beginning of the story when he is still strong, confident, and generous. According to Nietzsche, master morality reflects strength, pride, independence, and the ability to create one’s own values, while slave morality emerges from weakness, suffering, and resentment as a reaction to disappointment or oppression. Overall, Timon of Athens illustrates how life changes and deep betrayal can cause a shift from the confidence and generosity of master morality to the bitterness and hatred found in slave morality.  

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning methods are strategies used by teachers to effectively convey Islamic teachings so that they are easily understood, internalized, and practiced by students. The application of appropriate methods can create a more engaging, active, and meaningful learning process, enabling students not only to acquire knowledge but also to develop Islamic attitudes and personalities. In the context of modern education, PAI learning needs to integrate a variety of approaches, ranging from lectures, discussions, demonstrations, to hands-on, experiential learning. Furthermore, learning environments such as museums, mosques, monuments, and open spaces can be utilized as resources and supporting learning media, even if these places are not specifically designed for teaching and learning activities. Utilizing these environments provides real-life experiences that help students understand Islamic values ​​contextually. Thus, PAI learning methods play a crucial role in realizing a holistic, comprehensive educational process oriented toward the formation of Islamic character.

This article examines the evolution of the concept of femininity in East Asian makeup culture by tracing changes in style, function, and social meaning from traditional periods to the modern era. The study focuses on makeup practices in China, Japan, and Korea, which possess distinct cultural and historical backgrounds yet similarly demonstrate dynamic developments of femininity through visual expression. The research employs a literature review using a qualitative approach, complemented by an analysis of beauty trends emerging in each country. The findings indicate that facial makeup functions not merely as an aesthetic practice but also as a medium for representing personal identity, social status, gender roles, and prevailing cultural values within society. The transformation of makeup practices is influenced by various factors, including local traditional heritage, processes of modernization, changes in women’s roles, and globalization, which introduces new beauty standards. Nevertheless, traditional elements continue to be preserved and adapted, forming distinctive regional characteristics. Overall, this study emphasizes that the concept of femininity in East Asian makeup culture is dynamic and contextual, continually adapting to social change while remaining deeply rooted in longstanding cultural values.

First Language Acquisition is a crucial process influenced by various language learning theories. This research aims to comprehensively analyze the application of the main L1 theories, such as Behaviorism, Nativism, and Interactionism, and to thoroughly examine the concept, utility, and identification techniques of students’ prior knowledge within the context of child language acquisition. Employing a critical analytica l literature review method, the findings indicate that L1 Acquisition is not solely explained by one theory but results from the interaction between innate endowment (LAD) and environmental input. A key finding highlights that the identification of prior knowledge, encompassing cognitive, linguistic, and social aspects, is highly functional as a basis for determining appropriate scaffolding and providing comprehensible language input. The most relevant detection techniques involve direct observation and analysis of children’s spontaneous speech.It is concluded that a holistic understanding of L1 theories and the early identification of prior knowledge is essential for educators and parents. This finding has implications for formulating personalized language development strategies, thereby optimizing children’s language potential from an early age.

Body shaming and physical discrimination are significant issues affecting adolescents' psychological development. Adolescents who experience negative treatment related to their physical appearance often face low self-esteem, stress, and social isolation. This article discusses the implementation of multicultural counseling as an effective intervention strategy to address these problems. Multicultural counseling emphasizes understanding cultural differences, values, and social norms that influence perceptions of the body and appearance. This approach involves self-reflection techniques, group discussions, role-playing, and personal experience narratives to enhance self-awareness, empathy, and adolescents’ ability to cope with body shaming and physical discrimination. In addition, counselors provide education on social stereotypes, beauty standards, and the importance of inclusion, helping adolescents develop adaptive coping mechanisms. Research findings indicate that multicultural counseling can reduce negative psychological impacts, increase self-acceptance, and promote tolerance toward physical diversity. The implementation of this counseling is essential for creating social environments that support adolescents’ mental and emotional development. This article offers practical contributions for counselors, educators, and psychology practitioners in designing multicultural-based interventions that are sensitive to issues of body shaming and physical discrimination

Corruption in Indonesia is not merely a moral transgression but an extraordinary economic crime that depletes national resources. The ultimate objective of corruption eradication, therefore, must be the restoration of state financial losses (asset recovery).  However, the current formulation of the criminal law system specifically Article 18 of Law No. 31 of 1999 contains a critical policy flaw. The provision of "Subsidiary Imprisonment" (Pidana Pengganti) allows convicts to substitute their financial restitution obligations with a disproportionately short prison term. This mechanism inadvertently provides an economic incentive for corruptors to conceal assets and choose imprisonment, resulting in significant state revenue loss. This study aims to critique the current penal policy formulation and propose a comprehensive reformulation of the compensation system. The research employs a normative-juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach, utilizing the "Economic Analysis of Law" theory to evaluate the efficiency of sanctions. The study argues that the penal policy must shift from a "person-based" approach (in personam) to an "asset-based" approach (in rem). It is imperative to abolish the subsidiary imprisonment option for high-value corruption and implement "Non-Conviction Based Forfeiture" to maximize the recovery of state losses. Furthermore, this policy shift requires law enforcers with high-level cognitive skills to trace complex financial trails.

This study aims to analyze the quality of notarial services in the drafting of sale and purchase deeds at the Office of Notary–PPAT Pramudita Kartikasari, S.H., M.Kn., with a focus on factors influencing client satisfaction. The research background is grounded in the essential role of notaries in ensuring legal certainty in land transactions, which requires services that are prompt, transparent, and professional. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. The findings indicate that service quality can be explained through the five SERVQUAL dimensions. In terms of tangibles, physical facilities were considered adequate, although the waiting area and technological equipment remained limited. The reliability dimension showed that deeds produced were legally valid and accurate, yet completion time was not always consistent. Responsiveness was generally satisfactory, though online responses were less prompt. Assurance emerged as the main strength, as the notary was able to provide legal certainty, clear explanations, and professional conduct, while empathy was reflected through attentiveness, flexibility, and personalized care for clients. Assurance and empathy were found to be dominant in enhancing satisfaction, whereas tangibles, reliability, and responsiveness require improvement. The study implies the need for facility improvements, better time management, and standardized communication, while maintaining legal certainty and empathy as the core values of notarial service.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between online shopping activities and personal financial management among university students in Indonesia. The background of this research lies in the increasing digitalization of daily consumption, which has encouraged students to engage more actively in e-commerce transactions. Using a quantitative correlational design, data were collected from 100 undergraduate students through an online questionnaire based on Likert-scale indicators. The independent variables consist of buyer characteristics (age, gender, and income sources) and online shopping activities (frequency, spending amount, and shopping motivation). Meanwhile, personal financial management is measured through financial planning and spending control. The findings show that students demonstrate very high levels of online shopping activity and acknowledge the strong influence of demographic factors on their consumption behavior. Descriptive analysis also indicates high scores for financial planning and spending control, although intensive online shopping remains a potential risk to financial stability. The implications of this study highlight the need to strengthen financial literacy among students to help them develop healthier budgeting habits and reduce impulsive buying driven by digital platforms. This research is expected to contribute to the understanding of digital consumer behavior and support the development of financial education programs for young adults.

This research focuses on examining the innovation of licensing and accreditation services for educational institutions within the Department of Education and Culture of Sidoarjo Regency, as a strategy to ensure effective, transparent, and accountable education governance in the digital age. This research is based on bureaucratic intricacies, poor integration of information systems, and inadequate digital skills among civil servants in overseeing public education services. This research utilized a qualitative descriptive method, gathering data via in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving department personnel, school leaders, and representatives from educational institutions benefiting from the services. The results indicate that service innovation via the deployment of digital systems like the Sidoarjo Education Online System and e-Accreditation has effectively expedited licensing procedures, enhanced administrative efficiency, and bolstered transparency and public information release. Nonetheless, the primary obstacles persist in coordination between departments, opposition to changes in organizational culture, and insufficient human resource skills in managing digital systems. This research highlights that the effectiveness of public service innovation in education relies not just on adopting technology but also on improving collaborative governance and increasing bureaucratic capabilities. The research suggests creating a cooperative, data-informed, and participatory innovation framework to guarantee the sustainability and inclusivity of educational service innovation in Sidoarjo Regency.

Digital transformation has reshaped community life by increasing internet dependency in daily communication, financial transactions, and public services. However, this rapid development has also intensified cybersecurity risks, particularly link-based scams and the misuse of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Limited digital literacy at the family level makes communities vulnerable to phishing attacks, personal data breaches, and AI-generated fraud. This community service program aimed to strengthen digital literacy among residents of RW 03 Kalipancur, Semarang, through participatory education focusing on link scam detection and responsible AI usage. The program involved interactive lectures, case discussions, simulations, and pre-test and post-test evaluations with 18 participants from family groups, PKK cadres, and elderly residents. The results showed a significant increase in understanding, from an average pre-test score of 43% to a post-test score of 84%. Beyond knowledge improvement, participants demonstrated increased awareness and behavioral change toward safer digital practices. The findings suggest that community-based participatory approaches effectively enhance family-level digital resilience and can serve as a replicable empowerment model in other communities facing similar digital threats.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to assist students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Shirojut Thalibin in understanding the adolescent development period through the perspectives of Aristotle, Comenius, and Charlotte Bühler. The mentoring was motivated by the complexity of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual changes during adolescence and the low interest of students in studying the stages of human development. The activity was carried out for one week through educational, interactive, and collaborative strategies, using participatory discussion methods, theoretical explanations contextualized with the realities of adolescent life, varied learning media, role simulations, and joint evaluation and reflection. The subjects of the activity were students of MTs Sirajut Thalibin Racek Village, Tiris District, Probolinggo. The results of the mentoring showed an increase in students' understanding of the stages of adolescent development, a higher awareness of maintaining physical and mental health, and a better ability to link personal changes with developmental tasks and life goals. Teachers and the madrasah also experienced positive impacts in the form of strengthened understanding of adolescent characteristics and adjustments to a more holistic learning approach. This activity produces scientific articles, activity documentation, and student work products, while also recommending the integration of human development material in learning and guidance programs to support the moral, intellectual, social, and spiritual development of adolescents.

This study aims to determine the application of the inquiry learning model in improving the communication skills of children aged 5-6 years in Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal IV Kindergarten. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation and in-depth interviews. The research subjects consisted of 15 children in class B2. The focus of the research is directed at children's communication skills which include the courage to speak, the ability to ask questions, express opinions, and interact with peers and teachers during the learning process. The results of the study show that the application of the inquiry learning model is able to create an active, participatory, and child-centered learning atmosphere so as to encourage a significant improvement in communication skills. Children become more confident in conveying ideas and engaging in simple discussions. Although there are some obstacles, such as children's overactive behavior and differences in parents' views on the curriculum, these obstacles can be overcome through a personal approach and good cooperation between teachers and parents. Thus, the inquiry learning model is considered effective in improving early childhood communication skills.

The rapid growth of online commerce in Indonesia has significantly transformed the way people fulfill their daily needs by providing easier, faster, and more flexible access to goods and services through digital technology. Despite these advantages, the development of e-commerce also presents serious challenges, including rising cases of online fraud, discrepancies between advertised and delivered products, failed transactions, and personal data breaches that threaten consumer privacy. These issues create imbalances in digital contractual relationships, undermining trust and legal certainty for buyers. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the principle of fairness for consumers in e-commerce practices in Indonesia, while also identifying regulatory weaknesses and existing dispute resolution mechanisms. Using a normative legal research approach supported by case studies, the study examines the effectiveness of relevant legal frameworks, particularly the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK) and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE). The findings reveal that although these regulations provide a legal basis for consumer protection, their implementation remains inadequate. Weak supervision of online business actors, limited accountability of platform providers in ensuring transaction security, and complex, costly compensation procedures continue to hinder consumer rights protection. These conditions highlight the urgent need to strengthen consumer protection systems that are more adaptive, efficient, and oriented toward public interest. The study emphasizes the importance of improving online dispute resolution mechanisms, enhancing transparency and responsibility of digital platforms, and expanding digital literacy among consumers. Such measures are essential to ensure that fairness in e-commerce is not only guaranteed normatively, but also effectively realized in everyday digital transactions.