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This study aims to identify the training needs of Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers in integrating digital-based learning approaches. Despite the availability of digital tools in PAUD Yobel Bersinar Medan, such as projectors and speakers, their effective use in classroom activities remains minimal. A qualitative descriptive method was employed to collect data through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that most teachers face challenges in utilizing digital media, designing technology-integrated lesson plans, and engaging children through interactive platforms. However, the teachers expressed strong motivation and readiness to participate in contextual and practical training. The study highlights the importance of need-based training programs tailored to the actual teaching context. These findings imply the necessity for institutions to develop structured and sustainable professional development programs to enhance teachers' digital literacy and pedagogical skills, ultimately improving learning experiences in the digital era.

This Research aims to identify the role of of leadership in addressing and bridging differences of opinion between teachers and parents regarding the educational methods used. The goal is to create a harmonious collaboration to optimize children's development. The research method employed is library research, by collecting and analyzing various relevant literature sources to understand effective leadership strategies in building collaboration between families and schools. The findings indicate that effective leadership in early childhood education (ECE) settings must be able to accommodate diverse perspectives through open communication, collaborative activities, and the development of trust between schools and parents.

This study analyzes the effectiveness of dance learning methods at RA Fatipa on early childhood development. This descriptive qualitative study used classroom observations, interviews with teachers and principals, and documentation to collect data. The results showed that dance learning methods at RA Fatipa were effective in improving cognitive, physical-motor, social-emotional, creativity, and character aspects of children. However, limited facilities and infrastructure, teacher training needs, and parental support are obstacles. This study recommends improving facilities and infrastructure, ongoing training for teachers, and closer cooperation between schools and parents to optimize the benefits of dance learning for children's holistic development.

This study aims to determine the effect of understanding inclusive education on the readiness to teach children with special needs (ABK) in prospective Indonesian language teachers. The research method used is quantitative research with an associative approach, using a questionnaire instrument to measure the level of understanding of inclusive education and readiness to teach ABK. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between understanding of inclusive education and readiness to teach ABK in prospective Indonesian language teachers. A comprehensive understanding of inclusive education is an important foundation in improving the pedagogical, professional, personality, and social competencies of prospective teachers. However, the survey results show that the ability to plan lessons, readiness to teach, and readiness to create ABK-friendly learning tools are still relatively low. The main challenges faced by prospective teachers are the lack of practical experience, the lack of examples of inclusive open materials, and the continuing stigma against ABK. Therefore, a strategy is needed to improve the understanding of inclusive education through curriculum integration, field experience, and the development of inclusive teaching materials so that the readiness to teach ABK in prospective Indonesian language teachers can be optimally increased.

The development of the role and position of the Tunggu Tubang child in the Mayorat inheritance system in the Semende customary law community in Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra, this is influenced by factors such as education, migration, lifestyle changes, and religion such as working outside the village and hiring people to manage agricultural land, without violating customary provisions that are oral and inherited from generation to generation. The responsibility of the Tunggu Tubang children in resolving inheritance disputes in the majority inheritance system in the Semende indigenous people involves an important role in providing an understanding of the provisions of the Semende customary inheritance to the members of the Tunggu Tubang family, responsible for conducting deliberations with Payung Meraje in order to reach an absolute and binding decision.

This article discusses the importance of psychological well-being in early childhood within the context of social interaction in hybrid environments, which combine online and offline learning. The study aims to explore how social interaction influences children's psychological development and provides recommendations for best practices to support their well-being. The findings indicate that positive social interactions contribute to enhanced psychological well-being, while challenges in hybrid environments need to be addressed to support optimal child development.

This study aims to improve the cognitive development of children aged 4–5 years through observation of learning activities in a kindergarten. This study uses a descriptive observation method with five children as subjects. Observations were conducted for two days to observe children's abilities in several cognitive aspects, including the ability to find solutions when facing difficulties, group small and large objects, mention numbers 1–10, and distinguish between various colors. Data were collected through field notes using assessment instruments compiled based on indicators of early childhood cognitive development. The results of the study showed that most children were in the Very Well Developed (BSB) category for all observed indicators, although there were some children who were in the Developing According to Expectations (BSH) category. These findings indicate that the learning strategies implemented by educators have been able to stimulate cognitive development optimally, and can be used as a reference in compiling further learning programs.

Bullying in elementary schools is a social problem that negatively impacts children’s psychological, social, and academic development. This study aims to examine the various forms of bullying occurring in elementary school settings, the underlying causes, and effective, sustainable prevention strategies. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, collecting data through observation, interviews, and document analysis. Findings reveal that bullying in elementary schools includes physical, verbal, social, and cyberbullying forms, which often go undetected due to underreporting. Contributing factors involve family environment, parenting styles, school supervision, and weak character education. Effective bullying prevention requires a comprehensive approach involving character education based on empathy and tolerance, teacher training, parental involvement, and firm yet educative anti-bullying policies. In conclusion, collaboration among all stakeholders in creating a safe and inclusive school environment is crucial to reducing bullying behaviors and supporting children’s optimal development.

This study aims to describe the moral development of elementary school-aged children through a qualitative approach based on observation. Two fifth-grade students were observed to identify differences in moral characteristics and the influence of social interaction on the formation of moral values. The study also examines the teacher’s role as a facilitator of moral growth, support strategies for students with difficulties, the relationship between moral development and cognitive ability, and the role of parents. Findings reveal that children's moral development is significantly influenced by contextual, relational, and reflective learning approaches. Personalized support from teachers and collaboration with parents positively contribute to students’ moral maturity. The study recommends integrating moral values into the curriculum, training for teachers, and strengthening school–family cooperation.

Communication skills are a fundamental foundation in early childhood development. Teachers, as the main figures in the learning process, play a strategic role in creating educational interactions that support the development of children's communication abilities. This study aims to describe educational interaction strategies that can strengthen effective communication among early childhood learners. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, data were obtained from observations, teacher interviews, and literature studies. The results show that strategies such as responsive communication, role play, interactive storytelling, and proper language modeling can enhance children's confidence in communication. This study recommends continuous training for early childhood educators in implementing adaptive and contextual communication strategies.

This study aims to examine how the stories of the prophets in the Qur’an can serve as an effective medium for character building in children from an early age. The research is motivated by the growing need for character education amidst the moral challenges of modern times, and by the strong potential of prophetic stories to convey Islamic values such as honesty, patience, responsibility, and monotheism. A qualitative approach was employed through a literature review method. The findings indicate that the stories of Prophet Musa (Moses), Ibrahim (Abraham), Muhammad, and Yunus (Jonah) contain relevant and applicable character values for children. By presenting moral teachings through storytelling, these narratives allow children to internalize values in an engaging and meaningful way. When delivered according to the child’s developmental stage, prophetic stories become an educational tool that effectively nurtures religious, responsible, and noble character. This study is expected to contribute to the development of Islamic value-based character education models in both family and formal educational settings.

Child faith accompaniment plays a central role in the future development of children’s faith, making it the chosen initial teaching to prepare for a more mature faith development within a tiered faith formation. However, in the context of child faith accompaniment, there is currently no song themed on the Catholic Creed that can be taught to children, including at the Holy Family Parish Atmodirono Semarang, which has never used a song with this theme. This study aims to develop a child faith accompaniment (PIA) song themed on the introduction of the Catholic Creed to provide children with a deeper understanding of the Catholic Creed. The research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) to analyze the needs of PIA, design the product, conduct trials, and evaluate it to ensure a positive impact on children’s faith education. Initial analysis showed that there was no existing song media introducing the basic Catholic faith in PIA activities. In the design phase, the researcher composed lyrics and melodies relevant to Catholic teachings, using key phrases from the “I Believe” prayer, adjusted to be easily understood by children. The development phase involved a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with PIA practitioners and music experts. Subsequently, the song was trialed during Minggu Gembira activities and evaluated for improvements. The implementation of the song titled “I am Catholic, I Believe” showed positive impact. Observations revealed that children were enthusiastic, listened attentively, endeavored to understand, memorize, and sing the song together. Evaluation results showed an improvement in scores from 79% to 95.8%. Based on this increase, it can be concluded that the song “I am Catholic, I Believe” is highly effective and can be used as a child faith accompaniment medium to help children understand the meaning of the “I Believe” prayer as the Catholic Creed, as well as strengthen their understanding of the core teachings of Catholicism.

Play for early childhood is very important in the development of his personality. Playing for a child is not just filling time, but a medium for children to learn. Every form of play activity in children has a positive value for the development of their personality. However, free play is often the key to unlocking the creative talents that every human being possesses. Playing with children is useful for exploring their world, developing their competence to cope with it, and fostering their creativity. The function of play for early childhood can be used as an intervention that, if implemented properly, whether equipped with tools or without tools, will greatly assist social, emotional, cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development in general, and develop children's creativity.

Students with Down syndrome have developmental characteristics that differ from typical students. In such cases, the educational approach should not only focus on academic aspects but also on life skills education. In teaching life skills, teachers must adapt to each child's individual abilities. However, in practice, teachers often face various challenges. This study aims to describe the challenges faced by teachers at Terra Athena Special Needs School (SLB) in providing life skills education for students with Down syndrome, as well as the strategies used to overcome these challenges. This research uses a qualitative case study approach with data collection techniques including interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using triangulation techniques to enhance data validity. The results show that teachers face several challenges such as the wide range of student abilities, students' tendencies to be absorbed in their own world, limited facilities, and the need for more time to carry out each activity. The strategies implemented include positive reinforcement and individualized approaches, the use of visual media and concrete tools, collaboration with therapists and parents, and a boarding program for students.

Creativity in early childhood is a crucial foundation for children’s cognitive and social development. This article examines how various play activities can serve as effective media to build creativity in early childhood. The research method used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group involving children aged 4–6 years in early childhood education settings. The results show that constructive play, role-playing, and outdoor play activities significantly enhance children’s creative abilities. Furthermore, the role of the environment and adult support positively influences creativity development. These findings highlight the importance of providing meaningful play activities and a conducive environment to maximize children’s creative potential from an early age. Practical implications for educators and parents are also discussed as efforts to improve the quality of early childhood education.

Stunting is a growth and development disorder in children based on length or height according to age that is less than -2 standard deviations (SD) on the World Health Organization (WHO) growth curve which occurs due to poor nutrition, lack of exclusive breastfeeding, recurrent infections and psychosocial stimulation. which is insufficient. This research aims to identify the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24-59 months at the Cempaka Putih District Health Center, Central Jakarta. This research design uses a quantitative correlation approach with a cross-sectional design. with a population of 1075 respondents and a sample of 91 respondents. Sampling used simple random sampling. The research instrument used an exclusive breastfeeding questionnaire with 12 question items and used an anthropometric TB/U measuring tool using Microtoice. Data were tested using chi square (⍺ = 0.05). The results of the research show that there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24-59 months at the Cempaka Putih District Health Center, Central Jakarta. with significance value = 0.000 < 0.05. Nurses are expected to be able to help mothers prevent stunting in their children through education about nutrition and health of toddlers in order to reduce the number of stunted toddlers. For future researchers, they should examine other variables related to the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24-59 months, such as nutritional and economic status of the family and others.

Interest and aptitude tests help in recognizing children's potential early on, so that parents and educators can plan education that is more suitable and supports the optimal development of children's potential. The purpose of this study is to help individuals know that interest and aptitude test instrumentation has a major impact in directing individuals in developing themselves, both in academics and careers. Children who study and work according to their interests tend to be more motivated, happy and accomplished. With a clear understanding of interests and aptitudes, children can make better decisions regarding future education, major and career choices. In this study we used the Literature Review method by collecting several sources. The results and discussion of the literature review discussion regarding interest tests, interest inventories, and Android-based psychological test applications in guidance and counseling in schools show that these tools are very important to help students determine educational and career paths according to their interests and talents. Interest tests help reduce uncertainty in career decision-making, improve the fit between individuals and jobs or study programs, and expand understanding of the psychological tendencies underlying their choices.

Advancements in digital technology have triggered various innovations in teaching methods, including the use of video as a learning tool. This paper aims to investigate in depth how the application of video in the learning process can improve the quality of education for elementary school students through a literature review approach. Data were obtained from scientific journals from the last five years and relevant books from the last ten years. The research indicates that the use of video in learning has a positive effect on enhancing conceptual understanding, student motivation, learner engagement, and overall learning achievement. Appropriate, engaging video use that aligns with the development of elementary school-age children can be one of the ways to tackle educational challenges in the 21st century.

This activity aims to improve the motor skills of early childhood through outdoor play activities at Pelangi Bulukumba Kindergarten. The activity was conducted over six sessions in May 2025 by lecturers and students of the Early Childhood Education Study Programme at STAI Al Gazali Bulukumba. The activity stages began with coordination with the school, observation, development of a lesson plan, instrument validation, and the implementation of a pre-test, outdoor play interventions, and a post-test. The activities included various gross and fine motor games, such as zig-zag running, jumping, and moving small objects. Evaluation results showed a significant improvement in children's motor skills, with 100% of children achieving the “Very Good Development” category after the activity. A paired sample t-test showed a significant difference (p = 0.000), indicating the effectiveness of this method. These findings reinforce motor development and developmental ecology theories, which emphasise the importance of the natural environment in supporting children's growth and development. In conclusion, outdoor play is effective in improving children's motor skills and is recommended for regular integration into the kindergarten curriculum. Parent involvement and the development of modules, along with ongoing evaluation, are necessary for the sustainability of this programme.Keywords: gross motor skills, fine motor skills, outdoor play, locomotor skills,

This research aims to examine the impact of dance movement art learning on the development of creativity, motor skills, and social-emotional wellbeing in preschool children (ages 4-6). The study employs a descriptive qualitative method with a subject group of 28 children from TK Harapan Bunda, Jakarta. Data was collected through participatory observation, interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation of the learning process over 6 months. The findings indicate that the implementation of dance movement art learning with a thematic approach and free movement exploration can: (1) enhance children's expressive ability and creativity in creating movement variations, (2) significantly develop both gross and fine motor skills, (3) improve teamwork skills and social spatial awareness, and (4) help children express emotions constructively. This research recommends the importance of integrating dance movement art into the early childhood education curriculum with an approach that emphasizes freedom of expression and creative exploration.