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Suci Nopida (20120034) studied the influence of infrastructure on the smoothness of the teaching and learning process at MA Darul Ikhlas, Dalan Lidang, Panyabungan District. This research aims to answer three problem formulations: 1) Is there an influence of infrastructure on the smoothness of teaching and learning? 2) What is the condition of the infrastructure at MA Darul Ikhlas? 3) What are the factors that influence the smoothness of the teaching and learning process?. The research method used was a mixed method with a stratified proportional random sampling technique, involving 252 students. The use of a Likert scale-based questionnaire produced 23 valid statements for infrastructure and 22 for the smoothness of the teaching and learning process. The research results show that the infrastructure at MA Darul Ikhlas is not yet complete, with deficiencies such as laboratory equipment and projectors. Three factors that influence the teaching and learning process are infrastructure, teacher professionalism, and student interest in learning. The influence of infrastructure on the smoothness of the teaching and learning process is 44.5%. Hypothesis testing shows significance, so it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between infrastructure and the smoothness of the teaching and learning process.

This study aims to determine the extent of the integration of local wisdom in learning Islamic history at the Faculty of Islamic Studies Undaris. As we have known that one of the objectives of learning Islamic history is to help train intelligence and shape attitudes, character, and personality of students, because the content of Islamic history material contains local wisdom values. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by giving meaning to the data that was successfully collected and from that meaning conclusions were drawn. The results of the study showed that the integration of local wisdom in learning Islamic history at FAI Undaris refers to the Curriculum which is then developed in the RPS and teaching materials based on local wisdom. In the RPS and teaching materials, the values ​​of local wisdom that are to be developed are stated. Islamic history lecturers also use tools in the form of applications of active learning strategies to further maximize the integration of local wisdom and the learning objectives of Islamic history itself.

This article explores the application of Islamic ethics, particularly the concept of tawhid, in the development of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI). The study employs a qualitative descriptive method based on a literature review to analyze Islamic principles, such as justice (al-'adl), trust (amanah), and public benefit (al-maslahah), in addressing ethical challenges posed by AI. The findings indicate that Islamic values can provide a holistic framework for tackling algorithmic bias, privacy concerns, and social inequalities associated with AI. However, the study identifies a gap in academic research regarding the integration of tawhid principles with AI development. A limitation of this research is the lack of empirical case studies to test the effectiveness of implementing these principles in technology development.

Character is important in human life. Character building must begin at an early age. The church must also realize this, because the church has an important role in shaping character, especially the character of Christ in children. Through the teaching of Sunday school teachers, the church can take part in the formation of children's character at an early age. The role of a Sunday school teacher is quite large for the character building of Sunday school children. Therefore, Sunday school teachers must know the importance of childhood, the role of Sunday school teachers in the formation of children's character, the process of character formation, influencing factors in character formation and shaping children's character according to the stages of child development. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the role of Sunday school teachers in GBIS Salatiga on the character building of Sunday school children in GBIS Salatiga. This research was conducted using qualitative method and data collection was done through interviews. The results of the research were then reviewed in detail and critically using theoretical studies so that it is known to what extent the role of Sunday school teachers regarding the character building of Sunday school children in GBIS Salatiga.

The resolution of disputes in infrastructure projects requires an effective mechanism to ensure smooth project implementation. The fraudulent bank guarantee case in the Pandaan-Malang Toll Road project revealed weaknesses in public procurement oversight, where PT Setdco submitted a falsified bank guarantee, potentially causing losses to the Ministry of Public Works (PU) amounting to IDR 26.09 billion. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism in this case. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method with a qualitative approach, utilizing primary data such as arbitration documents and contracts, and secondary data from legal literature and media reports. The findings indicate that arbitration conducted through BANI provided a fast, fair, and binding solution for the disputing parties. However, the effectiveness of arbitration relies on the supervision of award implementation and regulations supporting accountability. In conclusion, arbitration can be a reliable mechanism for resolving infrastructure disputes if supported by an adequate system.

One of the government's steps to reduce maternal and infant mortality rates starts from adolescence by giving blood-boosting tablets to pregnant women Anemia is defined as a low hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the blood. The high coverage of giving 90 Fe tablets to pregnant women does not guarantee a reduction in anemia if adherence to Fe tablets is still low. The research aims to determine the relationship between the level of compliance with the consumption of Fe tablets and the incidence of anemia in third trimester pregnant women. The observational research design uses a cross-sectional design. The research sample of third trimester pregnant women at Bhayangkara Banjarmasin Hospital consisted of 25 respondent. Sampling used Random Sampling technique. Data analysis includes univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square statistical test. The statistical test results showed that there was a relationship between the level of compliance with the consumption of Fe tablets and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester at Bhayangkara Hospital, Banjarmasin. The lower the mother's level of compliance with taking Fe tablets, the greater the risk of developing anemia. The results of this study were that the majority of respondents studied had non-compliance in consuming blood supplement tablets (28%) and respondents who experienced anemia were (72%). The result was a p value <0.01, so there was a relationship between adherence to iron consumption and anemia. Respondents who did not comply with iron consumption had a 25.0 times greater risk of anemia. The conclusion in this study is that there is a relationship between compliance with Fe tablet consumption in TM III pregnant women and the incidence of anemia at Bhayangkara Banjarmasin Hospital.

Restorative Justice is an alternative dispute resolution outside of criminal penalties, in other words, it is resolved through familial means and also aims to repair the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. Recently, the application of restorative justice has been found in the field, which has become the main basis for resolving criminal cases of rape committed by police officers by filing an appeal in the appellate court, so that the police officer who is the perpetrator of the rape, named Bripda Fauzan (FA), who was previously subjected to the sanction of dishonorable dismissal (PTDH) in the Police Ethics Code Commission session, was not dismissed on the grounds that the rape case was considered resolved after the perpetrator married the victim. However, some time after the appeal decision, the perpetrator was reported again for allegedly neglecting his wife, who is the victim of the rape he married, which will be further examined in this research regarding the cause of Bripda Fauzan (FA) leaving his wife. This study aims to provide a real view of the application of restorative justice as the main basis for resolving rape cases, the method used in this journal is a normative juridical research method with literature studies and looking at empirical facts in the field through news circulating on the Internet media regarding rape cases by police members who are considered to have been completed after marrying the victim. The settlement of rape cases carried out by police members with restorative justice has tarnished the credibility of police institutions that do not seem to understand the fatality of sexual violence cases with the application of restorative justice in cases that have a major impact.

Solar energy has emerged as a promising renewable energy source with significant potential to address energy challenges in developing countries. This paper aims to explore the potential and implementation of solar energy in these regions, focusing on both the opportunities and challenges associated with its adoption. A qualitative approach is used, examining case studies and existing literature on solar energy deployment in developing countries. The findings highlight that while solar energy offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution, barriers such as high initial investment, lack of infrastructure, and limited technical knowledge still hinder widespread adoption. The paper emphasizes the importance of supportive government policies, international partnerships, and education to accelerate the implementation of solar energy technologies. The significance of this research lies in providing insights for policymakers and stakeholders to design effective strategies that promote the use of renewable energy in developing countries, ultimately contributing to sustainable development.

This research attempts to elaborate on the analysis and implementation of the Riau Provincial Government's policy on forests, using the case study of Governor Regulation Number 11 of 2014 concerning the Forest and Land Fire Control Center. The purpose of this research is to understand the content of the Riau Provincial Government's policy through Governor Regulation Number 11 of 2014 on the Forest and Land Fire Control Center and to analyze the Riau Governor Regulation of 2014 concerning the Forest and Land Fire Control Center. To analyze this study, the data used in this research are sourced from books, archives, documents, the internet, and interviews. The analytical method applied in this research is a qualitative descriptive method, which involves creating, describing, and summarizing various conditions with the variables emerging from the research object and revealing facts through data collection, which are then studied, processed, analyzed, and interpreted to be presented descriptively. The theories used in this research include public policy, environmental politics, and development politics theories.

This study examines murder cases triggered by romantic conflicts in Cipinang Prison, Jakarta. Using a qualitative approach, this research employed in-depth interviews with inmates and prison officers to explore the motives, processes, and social and psychological perspectives of the perpetrators. The findings reveal that romantic conflicts, such as jealousy, financial pressures, and feelings of being undervalued, are often the main triggers of violent acts leading to murder. Uncontrolled emotions and impulsive reactions exacerbate the situation, while the social environment, both before and during incarceration, plays a significant role in shaping deviant behavior patterns. The study also identifies various challenges in the rehabilitation process within the prison, including insufficient attention to the emotional needs of inmates and the negative influence of interactions with fellow prisoners. Referring to Differential Association theory, the study emphasizes that deviant behavior is often learned through negative social interactions. To prevent similar violence, emotional education, conflict management, and evaluations of individual-based rehabilitation programs are necessary.

Bilingualism has been widely studied for its cognitive and social benefits. This article explores how bilingualism enhances cognitive flexibility, problem-solving skills, and cross-cultural communication abilities. Using findings from linguistic and sociocultural psychology studies, this research highlights the advantages of bilingualism in promoting intercultural understanding and adaptability in multilingual societies. It concludes that bilingual education plays an important role in global communication.

This article aims to analyze the views of Generation Z (Gen Z) towards the use of Mobile Legends online game as a source of income. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method involving six research subjects aged 20-24 years old and actively playing Mobile Legends. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results showed that Gen Z has a positive view of Mobile Legends as a source of additional income. Their main motivations are the desire to earn extra income, an income-generating hobby, filling spare time, and entrepreneurial opportunities. The strategies used include selling accounts, becoming a jockey, live streaming, content creation, and participating in tournaments. Challenges faced include fierce competition, meta game changes, risk of fraud, and the need to maintain a balance between gaming and real life. Playing intensity has a relationship with monetization success, but excessive intensity can have a negative impact. This research provides new insights into the phenomenon of online game utilization as a source of income among Gen Z and its implications for the digital economy and entrepreneurship.

This study examines the relationship between economic development in Medan City and the quality of human resources (HR). Medan, as the third largest city in Indonesia, needs to optimise the quality of human capital to reach its full economic potential. Four previous studies were analysed to understand the influence of human resource quality on urban economic dynamics. The results showed that increased organisational commitment, technology utilisation, and human resource capacity development are positively correlated with improved financial statement quality and economic growth. In addition, sustainable management of natural resources also plays a role in promoting economic growth. This study emphasises the importance of government intervention in improving education standards and HR competencies to create jobs and reduce unemployment. Thus, Medan City's economic development planning should be integrative and sustainable with a focus on improving the quality of human resources and optimising local potential as the main foundation of community welfare.

System dynamic models have been recognized as an effective approach in projecting and designing sustainable urban waste management systems. This study aims to explore the potential of system dynamic modeling in urban waste management. This study uses a literature study method with a qualitative descriptive approach that refers to various relevant previous studies. The results of the literature study show that the system dynamic model is able to map the complex relationships between variables in the waste management system, such as population growth, waste production, waste processing capacity, environmental impacts, and others. In addition, the system dynamic model can project future waste management conditions and prepare the most effective policy scenarios. Through simulations of various policy scenarios, the system dynamic model can provide insight into the impact of each scenario, both in terms of technical efficiency, operational costs, and reduction of waste generation in landfills. In implementing policy scenarios, collaboration between the government, community, and stakeholders is also needed in optimizing waste management programs.

This type of research is field study research. It is very easy to analyze data, especially when it comes to data collection and analysis. The subject of this research is the Great Grebeg Tradition. The findings of this research indicate that Grebeg Besar is a custom of the people of the Regency to commemorate Eid al-Adha in the month of Djulhijjah. This shows that Grebeg Besar is a sacred tradition that has ceremonial significance because gradually the people of Demak and its surroundings are starting to understand its meaning. Data collection methods such as observation, interviews and documentation will be used to carry out this research. The results of this research describe the reality of the Grebeg tradition which is significant and related to religion, leadership, mutual cooperation, aesthetics and economics. This research can be used as a social studies learning resource based on community wisdom for character building which is applied in Class IV of SD Negeri Kadilagu 1.

This study aims to determine the efforts of teachers in increasing students' interest in learning the subject of fiqh through the application of simulation methods in class IV MI Nurul Huda Manyarejo. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a focus on the implementation of simulation methods in the learning process. The formulation of the problem in this study includes: (1) what are the steps in implementing the simulation method in increasing students' interest in learning, (2) how is the quality of the simulation method in fiqh lessons, and (3) what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing the method. The data analysis technique uses an interactive analysis model which includes the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The research procedure was carried out through four stages, namely pre-field, data collection in the field, data analysis, and preparation of research reports. The results of the study showed that the simulation method was able to create a more enjoyable and less boring learning atmosphere, thus increasing the enthusiasm and enthusiasm of students, especially when studying fiqh material such as the zakat chapter. The teacher succeeded in arousing students' interest in learning through an interactive and applicable approach. Thus, the simulation method is considered an effective learning strategy in increasing students' interest in learning the subject of fiqh.

Samuel's role as Israel's final judge, a leader who carried out the dual function of political and spiritual leader with integrity. Using critical historical interpretation analysis methods. Through in-depth analysis of these verses, this paper identifies Samuel's Faithful Leadership, Active and Inclusive Ministry, Worship as a Life Priority and God as a Just Judge. This article also highlights the relevance of these principles in a modern context, such as the importance of responsible leadership, consistent service, and a God-centered life. By making worship of God the basis of life, Samuel provides an example of leadership that not only brings people to justice, but also maintains a spiritual relationship with God. This paper concludes that true leadership must be based on obedience to Allah and timeless dedication.

This study employs a descriptive method with a case study approach. The participants in this research were pediatric patients who suffered from hyperthermia. The non-pharmacological intervention of tepid water sponge compresses is utilized effectively to lower body temperature in children. The compresses are applied to the forehead and axillary regions, and this procedure is conducted for 3 days, with each compress lasting 15 minutes. The findings from this study over the course of 3 days indicate that the use of tepid water sponge compresses is effective in reducing body temperature in children with hyperthermia.

This study examines the impact of Sri Mulyani’s inclusive leadership on human resource development (HRD) in the Indonesian Ministry of Finance, with a focus on gender equality policies and employee capacity-building programs. Using a literature review method, this research analyzes relevant studies on inclusive leadership and its application in the public sector. The findings indicate that Sri Mulyani’s inclusive leadership, which emphasizes openness, accessibility, and equality, has successfully increased women's participation in leadership positions and fostered a more collaborative work environment. The gender equality policies implemented have not only increased the number of women in strategic positions but also strengthened overall organizational performance. Additionally, capacity-building programsdesigned to enhance technical and managerial skills have proven effective in improving productivity and innovationwithin the Ministry of Finance. This study concludes that Sri Mulyani’s inclusive leadership can serve as a model for other public sector organizations, both in Indonesia and internationally, to promote gender equality and enhance organizational performance through inclusive HR development.

The seismic and magnetic data are well known for the investigation of tectonic structures and their directions on surface and subsurface, a methodological approach integrated the seismic and magnetic data interpretation combined with field measurement on cracked building and its underlying substratum, represented by Agadez sandstones and basement. The extraction of seismic lineaments from West African seismic map showed the seismic directions oriented NW-SE (N135 to N160°), passing through the studied area. The structural interpretation of magnetic map show that the Agadez region is also affected by the subsurface lineaments mainly oriented in NW-SE (N135°) directions, which are similar to the identified seismic lineaments in the same zone. A structural study carried out on the Agadez sandstones and the underlying basement, showed that faults and fractures oriented N120° to N165°, affect both the basement of the Aïr Mountains and the sandstone for­mations on which the city of Agadez is built. These observations showed that building cracking in Agadez region has a higher propagation tendency according to the directions rang­ing from NW-SE (N135°) to NNW-SSE (N165°). Therefore, the buildings cracking has a stronger propagation component according to these mean directions those are not recommended for building. To prevent and reduce the risks related to building cracking in Agadez region, it is highly recommended to build in the minor directions of cracking propagation which correspond to NE and SW directions.