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Mathematics learning in elementary schools still faces several challenges, including low student motivation and critical thinking skills. One innovative solution is the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of PBL in improving elementary students’ conceptual understanding and critical thinking in mathematics. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles involving fifth-grade students at [School Name] Elementary School. Data were collected through observations, tests, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the implementation of the PBL model increased student engagement, problem-solving ability, and the average score of conceptual understanding in mathematics. Therefore, PBL is proven to be effective in fostering meaningful learning and promoting higher-order thinking skills. It is recommended that elementary mathematics teachers integrate PBL as a student-centered learning approach.

Mathematics learning does not only focus on students' mastery of numbers, but also functions significantly in developing the ability to solve problems holistically. This skill is not something that is taught separately, but is integrated into the entire educational process, offering a real context so that mathematical concepts and abilities can be understood and applied. One approach that is highly recommended to achieve this is Problem Based Learning (PBL). This method has been proven effective in improving students' critical thinking skills through exploration and solving relevant problems, allowing students' knowledge to grow in a constructive way. The low achievement in problem-solving competency in Indonesia is a strong reason to apply PBL in mathematics teaching. This study aims to analyze the literature on the application of PBL to improve students' problem-solving abilities. Data were collected and analyzed from relevant journals, and testing and comparison of results were carried out to identify patterns and results from previous studies. In addition, this study also applies a bibliometric approach to explore publication trends, keywords, and the development of themes related to PBL in mathematics education. The analysis was carried out using VOSviewer software to map the relationship between topics and the progress of PBL research themes in the world of mathematics education.

The research conducted at MAS Daarul Uluum Lido Bogor Jl. Mayjen Hr Edi Sukma KM 22, Ciburuy Village, Cigombong District, Bogor Regency, aims to analyze the level of Mathematical Problem Solving Ability in the Sequence and Series Material of Class 11 at MA Daarul Uluum Lido through Google Form Media. The research method used is qualitative research with the sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The target population in this study were all class 11 students at MAS Daarul Uluum Lido. The accessible population in this study was only class 11 D MIA MAS Daarul Uluum Lido students. The research sample was 6 students, consisting of 2 students with low-level mathematical problem solving abilities, 2 students with medium-level mathematical problem solving abilities and 2 students with high-level mathematical problem solving abilities. The data analysis technique was carried out descriptively qualitatively before and during the field, namely data reduction analysis, data presentation and drawing conclusions and data verification. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that students in the low category are 2 students with a percentage of 5.55%, 28 students with a percentage of 77.77% are in the medium category and 6 students with a percentage of 16.6% are in the high category. So the dominant ability of solving mathematical problems in the material of Sequences and series at MAS Daarul Uluum Lido is in the medium category with a percentage of 77.77%.

This study intends to examine the mathematical literacy skills of elementary school students in solving story problems. The ability to read mathematics includes not only understanding concepts, but also the ability to interpret, reason, and apply mathematics in everyday situations. The focus of this study is useful for evaluating the level of literacy competence of elementary school students. The method used in this study is Literature Review (LR), without direct observation in the field. Data were obtained through the analysis of various literature sources as well as the results of relevant previous research. The results of the study show that elementary school students still face challenges in understanding information in story problems, choosing the right solution strategies, and drawing conclusions from the problems faced. These findings highlight the need for a learning approach that is more focused on developing critical thinking competencies and contextual problem-solving. Learning that prioritizes real context, group discussions, and an emphasis on critical thinking processes is needed to support students in expanding their mathematical literacy skills to the fullest.

Computational thinking skills are now one of the main skills in 21st century education. Not only does it support mastery of technology, this ability is also very important in understanding and solving problems systematically. This study aims to review in depth the potential for utilizing Triangulos software as an innovative learning medium to improve students' computational thinking skills, especially in mathematical geometry material. The study used a literature review approach by tracing primary and secondary sources from 2020–2024. The results of the analysis show that the use of Triangulos can encourage students to develop algorithmic thinking patterns, spatial visualization, and problem-solving skills. In addition, this application also supports independent and collaborative learning, and has the potential to increase student motivation and activeness in class. These findings recommend the integration of Triangulos in mathematics learning as one of the efforts to innovate education in the digital era. Further empirical research is highly recommended to test the effectiveness of this application at various levels of education.    

The study aims to determine: 1) The influence of numerical intelligence and learning motivation together on the mathematical problem solving ability of class XII TKJ students of SMK Negeri 1 Sukaluyu Cianjur. 2) The influence of numerical intelligence on the mathematical problem solving ability of class XII TKJ students of SMK Negeri 1 Sukaluyu Cianjur. 3) The influence of learning motivation on the mathematical problem solving ability of class XII TKJ students of SMK Negeri 1 Sukaluyu Cianjur. The study was conducted using a survey method. The population was class XII TKJ students of SMK Negeri 1 Sukaluyu Cianjur with a sample size of 85 students. The sampling technique used was random sampling. The research instruments used were essay-based mathematical problem solving ability tests, multiple-choice numerical intelligence instruments, and Likert-scale learning motivation instruments. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the hypothesis testing obtained the following conclusions: 1) There is a significant influence of numerical intelligence and learning motivation together on mathematical problem solving ability, this is evidenced by Sig. 0.000 < 0.05 and Fcount > Ftable, which is 3.57 > 3.12. 2) There is a significant influence of numerical intelligence on mathematical problem solving ability, this is proven by Sig. 0.000 < 0.05 and tcount > ttable, which is 5.7 > 2.00. 3) There is a significant influence of learning motivation on mathematical problem solving ability, this is proven by Sig. 0.000 < 0.05 and tcount > ttable, which is 5.7 > 2.00. The results of this study are useful for improving the quality of learning and improving mathematical problem solving ability at the vocational high school level.

This study aims to analyze the impact of overtime work on physical and mental fatigue of the crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya, by identifying the causal factors and consequences that may arise due to additional working hours. In this study, the researcher will apply a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted by the author on the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya owned by PT Pelayaran Manalagi which is a subsidiary of PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines, with the ship call sign "YBTL2" and a total load capacity of 52201 MT. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. Testing the validity of this research data used source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. Based on the results of the study, it explains that the Overtime Pattern: The crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya experienced an average of 4.5 hours of overtime per day, with the Engine Department experiencing the highest overtime (an average of 5.2 hours). Overtime most often occurs during loading and unloading at the port (35%) and when facing bad weather (27%), Physical Impact: Continuous overtime causes significant physical impacts in the form of sleep disturbances (80%), back and waist pain (70%), and muscle pain (60%), Mental Impact: As many as 85% of crew experience moderate to severe mental fatigue due to overtime, with the main symptoms being difficulty concentrating (75%), irritability (65%), and decreased decision-making ability (60%). Safety: There is a strong positive correlation (r = 0.82) between the duration of overtime and the frequency of safety incidents. The risk of incidents increases by 28% for every additional 2 hours of overtime, Work Performance: Overtime has an impact on decreased work performance, especially in problem-solving skills (45%), compliance with procedures (41%), and effective communication (37%), Overtime Management: The most effective overtime management strategies are task rotation and fatigue management training, but their implementation is still not optimal. Limited number of personnel and operational demands are the main obstacles in minimizing overtime, Regulatory Compliance: Average working hours of MV ship crew. Keywords: Overtime Work, Physical Fatigue, Mental Crew.

The scientific approach is an approach that conveys students' understanding of knowledge and uses a scientific approach to understand the scientific approach that does not depend on direct information from the teacher, anytime, anywhere, anytime (Daryanto, 2015). Through this approach, learning is aimed at students who are centered on interactive, encouraging students to improve their thinking skills. According to Permendikbud (2013), students carry out five main activities to learn: observation, questioning, gathering information, connection and communication. When using a scientific approach, the question aspect is the most difficult aspect. Many students have low enthusiasm, curiosity, and motivation to follow the PPKN compartment. The area of ​​study is considered boring and student life is lost. Low skills in critical thinking, problem solving and decision making also interfere with the learning process (Fischer et al 2012 Murawski 2012 Wang & Zheng, 2016). To answer or ask questions, students must have the ability to analyze, evaluate, integrate, and apply acquaintances.

Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability (KPMM) is one of the essential skills that must be developed, as it trains students to formulate appropriate solution strategies, understand the meaning of each step, and cultivate systematic thinking habits. One of the tools that can be utilized to support the development of KPMM is the use of Student Worksheets (LKPD). Various studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of using LKPD in improving students' KPMM; however, comprehensive reviews that specifically examine the effectiveness of LKPD based on educational level and the form of LKPD used are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and synthesize previous research findings on the effectiveness of LKPD in supporting students’ KPMM in terms of educational level and LKPD format through a meta-analysis method. The population and sample of this study consist of journal articles and national conference proceedings selected according to PRISMA guidelines. The results of the meta-analysis show that the use of LKPD has a very strong influence on enhancing students' KPMM, with an effect size of 2.123. Based on educational level, LKPD is proven to be more effective when used at the junior high school level (SMP) compared to the senior high school level (SMA), while in terms of format, digital LKPD is more effective than printed LKPD in supporting students' KPMM.

Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability (KPMM) is one of the essential skills that must be developed, as it trains students to formulate appropriate solution strategies, understand the meaning of each step, and cultivate systematic thinking habits. One of the tools that can be utilized to support the development of KPMM is the use of Student Worksheets (LKPD). Various studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of using LKPD in improving students' KPMM; however, comprehensive reviews that specifically examine the effectiveness of LKPD based on educational level and the form of LKPD used are still limited. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and synthesize previous research findings on the effectiveness of LKPD in supporting students’ KPMM in terms of educational level and LKPD format through a meta-analysis method. The population and sample of this study consist of journal articles and national conference proceedings selected according to PRISMA guidelines. The results of the meta-analysis show that the use of LKPD has a very strong influence on enhancing students' KPMM, with an effect size of 2.123. Based on educational level, LKPD is proven to be more effective when used at the junior high school level (SMP) compared to the senior high school level (SMA), while in terms of format, digital LKPD is more effective than printed LKPD in supporting students' KPMM.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ problem-solving abilities in the reaction rate material at SMA Negeri 07 Gorontalo. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects consisted of two classes: class XI1 as the experimental group (using the PBL model) and class XI2 as the control group (using conventional learning). The instrument used was an essay test based on problem-solving indicators. The results showed a significant improvement in problem-solving ability in the experimental class compared to the control class. The average posttest score of the experimental class was 74 (categorized as good), while the control class scored 52 (categorized as fair). The t-test results indicated a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05), suggesting that the PBL model is more effective in enhancing students' problem-solving abilities than conventional learning methods.  

Mathematics plays a crucial role in everyday life, as it enhances students' abilities to absorb lessons more effectively and develop rational, critical, logical, analytical, and systematic thinking. This study employs the literature review method, which involves gathering relevant information from various sources to support the research topic. The author collects references from articles and journals using Google Scholar, an open-access database that simplifies the process of locating topic-specific materials. Difficulties faced by students in learning mathematics are not always due to a lack of mathematical knowledge. They may stem from other issues such as memory problems, difficulty in recalling mathematical problems, weak calculation skills, confusion with operational signs, or reversing numbers. Students with learning disabilities may particularly struggle with both mathematical reasoning and basic computation. Furthermore, mathematical learning difficulties are also associated with cognitive challenges, such as solving complex word problems and understanding numerical concepts. These learning difficulties often result from internal and external factors that hinder the brain’s ability to process, analyze, and retain mathematical information effectively.

This study aims to analyze students' learning difficulties in solving mathematical story problems reviewed from the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students of SDN 117858 Teluk Binjai. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through tests, interviews, and documentation involving teachers and students. The results of the study indicate that the main difficulties faced by students in solving mathematical story problems are low understanding of mathematical concepts, difficulty in interpreting information from story problems, and lack of ability to convert verbal information into mathematical forms. In addition, psychological factors such as anxiety and low self-confidence also affect students' performance in solving problems. Based on learning outcomes, students with lower grades tend to have more difficulty in understanding problems and applying solving strategies. These findings indicate the need for deeper pedagogical interventions to improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts and mathematical literacy skills, as well as emotional support to reduce anxiety related to mathematics.    

This research was motivated by the problems found, namely the lack of learning media, the LKPD used had not trained mathematical problem solving abilities, the existing LKPD was LKPD created by educators who had not been connected to Islamic teachings, resulting in a decline in students' mathematical problem solving abilities. This research aims to produce LKPD integrating Islamic values to train problem solving skills in class This research is development research or RnD using the Sugiyono development method. The instruments used were validation sheets, student response questionnaires, and mathematical problem solving ability tests. The data analysis techniques used are validity data analysis, practicality analysis, and effectiveness analysis. Based on the development research that has been carried out, an LKPD with a validity level of 80% is in the valid qualification, for the practicality qualification, namely 78.41% is in the practical criteria, and for the effectiveness level, namely 80,76% is in the effective qualification. It can be concluded that the LKPD integrates Islamic values to train mathematical problem solving abilities  which was developed including valid, practical and effective criteria.

The difficulties students experience when solving problems that require calculation indicate a need to improve their arithmetic skills. This research aims to describe students' numeracy skills in solving number problems while also identifying the obstacles they encounter in developing these skills. Specifically, this study explores the mathematical numeracy literacy abilities of fourth-grade elementary school students in facing the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) questions on number material at one elementary school in Indonesia. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including AKM numeracy tests, observation, interviews, and documentation. The research findings show that students' mathematical numeracy literacy ability is in the moderate category, with an average achievement of 65.8%. The main difficulties experienced by students include: (1) recognizing mathematical information from contextual problems, (2) performing numerical calculations, (3) interpreting calculation results in the context of real-world problems, and (4) communicating mathematical reasoning in writing. Based on these results, this research recommends strengthening numeracy learning that connects material with everyday life contexts, as well as improving students' mathematical reasoning abilities through problem-based learning approaches, to optimize the mathematical numeracy literacy of elementary school students.

Mathematics is often referred to as a field of knowledge developed through logical reasoning and is considered essential in everyday life, particularly in problem-solving. One effective way to apply problem-solving skills in mathematics education is through the use of word problems. This study aims to explore and analyze the various obstacles students encounter when solving mathematical word problems. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection methods including tests, interviews, and a project involving the construction of a staircase using standard units of length. The subjects of the study were four third-grade elementary school students in Batusangkar who had previously studied standard units of length. The findings reveal that students faced a range of difficulties, such as challenges in understanding the problems, failure to organize solution steps systematically, and limited comprehension of the concept of standard measurement units. Additionally, a lack of interest in learning was found to negatively impact students’ ability to solve word problems. Therefore, conceptual understanding and increased motivation to learn are crucial factors in enhancing students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities.

The realization of active student learning conditions is the hope of all components of education including the community and education practitioners. Increasing student activity is the teacher's ability to plan teaching and learning activities in achieving learning objectives. In learning activities at school, teachers must ensure that students can make effective observations in order to obtain the best learning outcomes. In teaching, students should be given the opportunity to make the best observations. Learning strategies with Activity-Based Teaching Approaches in Islamic Religious Education Learning for Class V Students of SDN 027 Labuhan Tangga Baru are attempted to increase motivation, achievement, creativity, and problem solving in learning.

This research aims to develop online mathematics learning tools based on the local wisdom of Papua in the form of Lesson Plan and E-Worksheet products that are oriented to students' critical thinking skills and mathematical problem-solving in materials of polyhedra which (1) validity aspects, (2) practicality aspects, (3) effectiveness aspects. The cultures used in this research are the kariwari traditional house and the kaki seribu traditional house as illustrations to explain the concept of polyhedra. The research method is research and development (R&D) using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development design model. The subjects in this study are 8 students who are in grade VIII at Golden Gate Junior High School, Sorong City. The instruments used in this study are validation sheets, learning implementation observation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and tests. The learning tool is valid if the results of the experts' assessment are at least in the "good" category. Learning tools are said to be practical if the results of teacher’s responses, student responses, and observations of learning implementation are at least in the "good" category. The learning tool is effective if the percentage of students who complete the critical thinking skills test and the math problem-solving ability test is at least 60%. This research produced online learning tools in Lesson Plan and E-Worksheet mathematics form based on local Papuan wisdom oriented to critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills of grade VIII junior high school students on flat-side space building materials. The validation results show that the product developed meets the valid criteria with a good category. The results of the test show that the product developed meets the practicality and effectiveness criteria. Practicality achieved the category “very good” based on teacher assessment, student responses, and the observation of learning implementation. Effectiveness achieves the effective category based on the test of critical thinking skills and mathematical problem-solving. The percentage of students who completed the critical-thinking skills test reached 87.50%, and the mathematical problem-solving ability test reached 75.00%.

Mathematics is often referred to as a field of knowledge developed through logical reasoning and is considered essential in everyday life, particularly in problem-solving. One effective way to apply problem-solving skills in mathematics education is through the use of word problems. This study aims to explore and analyze the various obstacles students encounter when solving mathematical word problems. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection methods including tests, interviews, and a project involving the construction of a staircase using standard units of length. The subjects of the study were four third-grade elementary school students in Batusangkar who had previously studied standard units of length. The findings reveal that students faced a range of difficulties, such as challenges in understanding the problems, failure to organize solution steps systematically, and limited comprehension of the concept of standard measurement units. Additionally, a lack of interest in learning was found to negatively impact students’ ability to solve word problems. Therefore, conceptual understanding and increased motivation to learn are crucial factors in enhancing students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities.

The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on students' problem solving and mathematical communication skills, describe the effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on problem solving skills, and describe the effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on students' mathematical communication skills. This type of research is Quasi Experimental using Nonequivalent Control Group Design. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Malinau, North Kalimantan City with 60 students from two 9th grade classes. The instruments used in this study were descriptive test questions of problem solving ability, mathematical communication and observation sheets for the implementation of Outdoor Learning Math learning activities using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces. The results showed that there was an effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on students' problem solving and mathematical communication skills together, there was no effect of Outdoor Learning Math using mobile technology-assisted math traces on problem solving skills, and there was no effect of Outdoor Learning Math using GPS-based mobile technology-assisted math traces on mathematical communication skills. Therefore, for future researchers to expand the scope of materials such as geometry, statistics and probability, algebra, arithmetic and add student motivation variables.