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This research aims to find out whether the application of the problem based learning model can improve students' mathematical problem solving abilities in class VII of St. Peter's Middle School, Medan. This research method uses Classroom Action Research (PTK). The research procedure is cyclical. Each cycle consists of 4 stages, namely: planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. Data collection techniques through observation and tests. This data collection uses several instruments in the form of student observation sheets. Meanwhile, to determine students' mathematical problem solving abilities, tests are used. The results of the research show that the use of the Problem Based Learning learning model can improve students' mathematical problem solving abilities in mathematics lessons on algebra material. From the average value of prerequisite abilities, namely 55.56, the average value of students' mathematical problem solving abilities in cycle I is 72.55 and the average value of students' mathematical problem solving abilities in cycle II is 76.39 and the activity value of students in cycle I is 62%, and cycle II, namely 85%.

Background: Mathematics is a very important subject to study. Mathematics lessons include the development and use of concepts such as numbers, formulas, geometry, and algebra to understand and explain phenomena in various contexts. To improve the quality of students' mathematics learning, it is necessary to develop material through a learning method which is expected to improve students' abilities in solving mathematical problems. Method: The research design is "Pre-Experimental Whithout Control Group Design". The population in this study was the fourth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Muara Aman, totaling 25 people. The sampling technique in this study used a total sampling technique where the entire population was sampled, namely 25 people. The results of this research were analyzed using the Paired t-test using SPSS 22 software. Results: The average mathematics score of respondents increased after being given the intervention by 51.13. Result: The results of the Paired T Test showed a p value of 0.000< α=0.05. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is that there is an influence of the drill method on improving mathematics learning outcomes for fourth grade students at SD Negeri 2 Muara Aman in 2023. It is hoped that the results of this research will become a reference for teachers in developing effective learning methods to increase students' motivation and enthusiasm in learning interesting mathematics subjects. positive impact on increasing elementary school student learning achievement.

Mathematical literacy is a person's ability to formulate, use and interpret  mathematics in various contexts of daily life problems efficiently. Literacy skills students not only have numeracy skills but also the ability to think logically and critically in solving problems. Mathematical literacy has a significant positive impact on students' critical thinking abilities. This research aims to describe the influence of mathematical literacy on students' critical thinking abilities in mathematics subjects. The method used in this research is a literature review. The results of this research show a strong relationship between mathematical literacy and critical thinking skills. Mathematical literacy involves understanding, using, and interpreting mathematical concepts in a variety of concepts, while critical thinking skills involve analysis, evaluation, and rational decision making. Mastery of mathematical literacy can improve students' critical thinking abilities, because mathematics involves problem solving and logical reasoning. Thus, developing mathematical literacy can contribute to improving students' critical thinking abilities

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the problem-based learning model (PBL) with a STEM approach on the mathematical problem solving ability of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 17 Medan. This research was conducted at SMP N 17 Medan T.A 2023/2024. The research method used is a quasi-experimental method. The sample of this study consisted of two classes, namely class VIII-3 as an experimental class taught with a PBL model with a STEM approach and class VIII-4 as a control class taught with conventional models. Based on descriptive statistics and categorization of research results, it was found that the mathematical problem solving ability of experimental class students was 67,74% of students in the high category, 32.26% of other students in the medium category, and no students in the low category. Meanwhile, in the control class, 15,63% of students were in the high level of problem solving ability, 53,13% were in the medium level and 31,24% of students were in the category low category. Thus it can be seen that the mathematical problem solving ability of grade students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is better than conventional learning models. Furthermore, with inferential statistical analysis for the t test, calculated t value = 2,42 and ttable = 1,999623, thus t calculated > t table means that the problem-solving ability of students taught with PBL with a STEM approach is not the same as students who use the learning  conventional model. With further analysis, Fcalculated = 5,6847 and F table = 3,998494482, then  calculated F > F table so it can be concluded that problem-based learning models with a STEM approach have a significant effect on students' mathematical problem solving abilities.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how efforts are made and enhance students' capacity for problem-solving following the application of the lesson study-based scientific approach and problem-based learning model. 38 students from SMP Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi's VIII–5 class during the 2022–2023 academic year served as the research subjects. Classroom Action Research (PTK), which is this kind of research, is divided into two cycles. In pre-action, students take an initial test, and at the conclusion of each cycle, they take an exam on their problem-solving skills. The research findings are as follows: (1) If the teacher masters and effectively applies the PBL model and scientific approach based on lesson study, students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved, (2) Application of the PBL model can increase student learning completeness by 63.16% from 23.68% at the end of cycle I to 86.84% at the end of cycle II. (3) Students' mathematical problem solving abilities can be improved by 34.37% from 47.47% at the end of cycle I to 82.04% at the end of cycle II.

This research aims: (1) the mathematical communication abilities of students using the think-talk-write (TTW) cooperative learning model are higher than the mathematical communication abilities of students using conventional learning models in class VIII SMP Negeri 19 Medan, (2) the process of completing answers is created by students in solving problems in the think-talk-write (TTW) cooperative learning model and conventional learning models. This type of research is quantitative research with a Quasi Experimental method. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 19 Medan. The sampling technique in this research used the Purposive Sampling technique, namely class VIII-5 as a class taught using the think-talk-write type cooperative learning model and class VIII-6 as a class taught with a conventional learning model. The data collection instruments were an observation sheet and a test sheet for students' mathematical communication skills in the form of 4 essay questions. Data analysis in this study used a t-Test with the Independent sample t-Test technique with the help of the SPSS 22 program. The results of the research showed that the average score for the class taught using the think-talk-write cooperative learning model was 80.1 and the class taught with a conventional learning model of 74.6. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the t-test, from the calculation results it was obtained that tcount was 2.501 and ttable 1.67469, the significance level was 0.016<0.05, then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, so it was concluded that students' mathematical communication skills used the cooperative learning model type. think-talk-write is higher than students' mathematical communication skills using conventional learning models. Based on the analysis of the process of students' answers to the mathematical communication skills test, students who received think-talk-write cooperative learning were better than students who received conventional learning.

Mathematics lessons are lessons that are able to provide students with insight into gaining knowledge systematically or how to solve a mathematical problem. One of the goals of learning mathematics is to develop problem solving abilities. This indicates that problem solving is a very important ability to hone in learning mathematics. The method used is literature study or literature review. The study sources are in the form of reference books, published scientific journals, and references on websites accessed via the internet. Theoretical references obtained through literature study research will be used as the basic foundation and main tool for further practice which will be followed up with field research. Polya's theory is a systematic approach to solving mathematical problems which consists of four main steps, namely understanding the problem, planning a solution, implementing the plan, and checking again. This theory has been applied in various mathematics learning contexts, such as in analyzing the difficulty of solving mathematical problems on various materials and levels of difficulty.

Problem-solving is so important that it makes mathematics teaching a common goal. It is estimated that students who are capable of solving these problems can contribute to the economic growth of their country. Therefore, researchers are interested in analyzing students' ability to solve mathematical problems. Data is taken using the essay test instrument and analyzed using a descriptive quantitative approach. The subject of this study is a student of class XI SMAN 3 Sungai Penuh of 29 people. This research found that students' abilities in composition functions material were well assessed. However, in the problem-solving capabilities measured based on problem-solving indicators, there is still an obstacle to the first indicator, which is to display what is known and what is asked. But for the other three indicators, there are only a few obstacles even no obstacles at all. It is hoped that the obstacles experienced by students in this research can also be the background for further research.

The aim of this research is to identify whether there are differences in students' mathematical problem-solving abilities before and after the implementation of the Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) Learning Model. The study was conducted on 14 fifth-grade students at SD 1 Karangmalang. Data were collected using a multiple-choice test to measure students' mathematical understanding. The research method used was a quasi-experimental design. Data analysis was performed using a paired sample t-test. The results of the study showed that the average score in the posttest was higher compared to the average score in the pretest, indicating an improvement in students' mathematical problem-solving abilities after the implementation of the STAD learning model. Furthermore, the research results also showed that the obtained significance value was 0.000, which is smaller than 0.05. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. This indicates that there is a significant difference between the mathematical problem-solving abilities before and after the use of the STAD learning model

Problem solving skills are important for students to overcome various problems related to learning and community life. This involves students actively exploring, observing, trying, and investigating using the knowledge and abilities they have. Problem solving is the main focus of developing students' higher order thinking skills in mathematics. This research was conducted by means of observation, interviews, and post-test methods on the 4th grade students of SD Negeri 7 Gondosari. In the results of the discussion, there are 10 data from 31 students which can describe a good level of problem solving. Some students experienced difficulties in implementing the problem and re-examining the results of the solution. Therefore, it is important for students to continue to hone their problem solving abilities using the Polya procedure and to re-check the correctness of the solutions that have been done.

This research aims to describe and analyze the mathematical problem solving abilities of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 5 Pematangsiantar on two-variable linear equation systems material, with treatment in the form of a Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) learning model. The approach taken in this research is a quantitative approach. Sampling was carried out using a simple random sampling technique. The research subjects were class VIII-6, totaling 30 people. The data collection technique in this research is in the form of a test to determine students' mathematical problem solving abilities in the research process carried out. Data analysis techniques were carried out using normality tests and hypothesis tests. From the results of data analysis, the results of students' mathematical problem solving abilities showed that the average pre-test score was 54336 and the average post-test score = 79,400. A significant value (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05 indicates that there is a significant difference between the initial and final variables. Thus, the independent variable has a significant effect on the dependent variable. So it can be concluded that by applying the Contextual Teaching And Learning CTL learning model) it can improve the mathematical problem solving abilities of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 5 Pematangsiantar on the material of two-variable linear equation systems.

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method on the mathematical communication skills of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 9 Pematangsiantar after applying the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method. The type of research used is experimental research. In this research the author used a quantitative approach. The design used in this research is One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. This research involved an experimental class that was treated with the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) learning method and then given pre-test and post-test treatment to draw conclusions. For more details, see table 3.1 below. The research results obtained showed that the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method had an influence on students' mathematical communication skills, reaching an average pre-test score in the Experiment class of 48.63, while the average score was 48.63. Post-test average in the Experiment class was 78.63. This proves that the Experimental class has further improved abilities after being given treatment using the TAPPS Method.

Abstract. This study aims to determine whether there is an influence of the problem based learning model integrated with video animation on the mathematical problem solving abilities of class VIII students. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 6 Percut Sei Tuan, TA 2022/2023. The research method used is a quasi-experimental design method. The sample in this study consisted of two classes namelyclass VIII-3 as the experimental class and class VIII-4 as the control class. The experimental class uses a problem-based learning model integrated with video animation and a control class with conventional learning. Obtaining the average score of the final test (posttest) of the experimental class students is equal to 89.22, whereas in the control class the average result of the student's final test score was 72.55, in the hypothesis test, the results obtained from the average difference test (t-test) with statistical values t_hitung>t_tabel(10.56 > 1,671 ) which means there is an influence from the usea problem-based learning model integrated with video animation that is applied to the experimental class. This indicates that the mathematical problem solving abilities of the experimental class students are better than the control class.

This research aims to see how the mathematical thinking abilities of students who have a field independent cognitive style are based on Shafer and Foster's theory. This research uses a descriptive approach. The sample for this research is 3 class VII students of SMP Negeri 6 Purworejo. The technique for selecting subjects in this research was purposive sampling technique. The data collection techniques used were mathematical thinking test methods, interview methods and documentation. The data analysis technique used is reduction, presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of research regarding the level of mathematical thinking ability based on Shafer and Foster's theory in solving algebra material problems showed that students at SMP Negeri 6 Purworejo who had a field independent cognitive style in solving the reproduction level were able to know basic facts, namely knowing and writing down any information that could be known in questions and determine the problem correctly, at the completion of the connection level students are able to integrate information, namely explaining the steps to solve the problem correctly and applying the right algorithm to solve the problem, at the completion of the analysis level students are able to mathematize situations, namely being able to change real problems into mathematical form by make equations and make generalizations, namely being able to find the correct answer.

A This study aims to determine: (1) the effect of Blended Learning models towards Mathematical Student’s Problem Solving Abilities and Self-Regulated, (2) the improvement of student’s mathematical problem solving and self regulated learning (3) the advantages of the advantages and disadvantages of blended learning model. This type of research includes descriptive qualitative research using library research methods. The data in this study were obtained from a collection of literature such as theses and journals that are relevant to the topic of discussion, namely Mathematical Student’s Problem Solving Abilities And Self-Regulated. The results show that, 1) Blended Learning Model has a great effect on students' problem solving abilities based on the overall effect size calculation which produces an average effect size of 1.56 where this number is included in the high category and Blended Learning Model has a great effect on student’s self-regulated based on the overall effect size calculation which produces an average effect size of 1.73  2) There is an increase in  mathematical the student's problem solving abilities and self-regulated learning that are taught through blended learning models. This can be seen from the achievement of N-Gain value and indicators in the experimental class in the literature which is generally better than the control class. 3) Based on the analysis, it was found that the advantages and disadvantages of blended learning. it can be obtained that the advantages of blended learning models as follows: (a) Learning is more effective and efficient, (b) Improve accessibility. with blended learning, it is easier for learning participants to access material learning. and disadvantages of blended learning is Not evenly distributed facilities owned by students, such as computers and internet access. Even though blended learning requires adequate internet access, if the network is inadequate it will make it difficult for participants to take part in independent learning via online.

Problem solving abilities can be used in everyday life to find solutions and solve mathematical problems. The ability to solve mathematical problems in class XI students at SMAN 55 Jakarta for the 2022/2023 academic year is the goal of this research. The research subjects were 36 class XI students consisting of 18 female students and 18 male students at SMAN 55 Jakarta. The research instruments used were interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The research results obtained show the importance of the teacher's role in helping students to solve problems in learning mathematics.

This study aims to describe students' mathematical problem solving skills in solving word problems.  The population in this study were all fourth grade students at SD 4 Dersalam with a total sample of 24 students.  The research method used is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods.  The research instrument used was in the form of test questions (essays) and interview for mathematical problem-solving abilities in diagrammatic material.  The data collection technique in this study has three stages of procedure namely;  1) preparation stage, 2) implementation stage, 3) final stage.  Based on the results of the tests that have been given, the ability to solve mathematical problems in the good category is 14 students (58.3%), the medium category is 4 students (16.6%) and the low category is 6 students (25%).  Based on the categories of mathematical problem solving abilities, namely good, sufficient and insufficient, it can be described as follows: 1. Students' Mathematical Problem Solving Ability in the Good Category 2. Students' Mathematical Problem Solving Ability in the Enough Category 3. Students' Mathematical Problem Solving Ability in the Poor Category.

This research was conducted with the aim of producing digital learning media using the Smart Apps Creator through a Realistic Mathematics Education approach that is valid, effective, and able to improve students' mathematical problem solving abilities in the matter of a system of two-variable linear equations. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model. From the research results, it was obtained that the media and material validity values were 93.6% and 93% with very valid categories. The practicality of the media through the results of the teacher's response questionnaire obtained a practicality value of 97.3% in the very practical category and the results of the student response questionnaire for the small group test and large group test obtained values of 90.9% and 91.4% in the very practical category. Then the value of effectiveness is seen through the mastery of classical learning and the results of the student response questionnaire obtained percentages of 87.5% and 94.05% with very effective categories. Improving problem solving abilities in students, the results obtained are that the level of students' problem solving abilities is at a percentage of 92% with a very high category, while based on the N-Gain test the average value obtained by students is 0.6473 which means there is an increase in problem solving abilities in students medium category. So based on the results obtained it can be concluded that the learning media developed in this study are valid, practical, effective, and able to improve students' mathematical problem solving abilities.

This research aims to analyze mathematics learning, especially in number material, as well as classify students' mathematical problem solving abilities. , interviews and documentation. 12 students have no value, 5 students have moderate values and 3 students have very high scores, the questions given are 5 all description questions. In making mathematical problem solving questions we use indicators namely: 1.) Understanding new mathematical knowledge through problem solving, 2.) Designing mathematical models, 3.) implementing and adapting appropriate strategies to solve problems, 4.) completing models, 5.) monitor and reflect on the process of solving mathematical problems. Of the 5 questions, they are then assessed with an assessment rubik according to the points specified in the question grid used. The results of the assessment were categorized into 3 categories, namely high, medium category, and low category in class IV SD 1 Burikan.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method on students' mathematical communication abilities. The type of research used is a Quasi-Experimental type (pseudo-experimental) and uses the True Experimental Design research design with the Posttest-Only Controll form. The research was conducted at SMP Ikhlasiyah Palembang with a population of all students of class VII consisting of 2 classes. The sample were taken from all members of all population so that class VII.1 as the experimental class was given treatment, namely the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method and class VII.2 as the control class which was not given treatment, namely the conventional method. Research data was collected through tests. Based on the analysis of the test results, it shows that the students' mathematical communication skills in the experimental class are higher than those in the control class. This means that the class that was treated with the TAPPS method affected students' mathematical communication skills. Statistical calculations obtained from the test results yield tcount = 2.944 and ttable = 2.013, so that tcount > ttable which causes H0 to be rejected and H1 to be accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving (TAPPS) method on the mathematical communication abilities of class VII students of SMP Ikhlasiyah Palembang.