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This study aims to analyze M. Quraish Shihab's views on spiritual interaction between the deceased and the living in Tafsir al-Mishbah. This issue is highly urgent because the debate surrounding the soul and the afterlife has existed since the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and continues to be a polemic to this day. To answer this question, a qualitative research method with a library research approach was used. Primary data came from Tafsir al-Mishbah, where the Quranic verses about the soul were analyzed thematically. Secondary data were obtained from various classical and contemporary tafsir books, hadith books, and books on interpretation methodology to provide a comprehensive understanding. The results show that, according to M. Quraish Shihab, humans are bidimensional beings. Death is not the end of existence, but rather a transition from the mundane realm to the Barzakh realm, where the soul remains alive. Although human knowledge is very limited regarding the unseen realm, interaction between the souls of the living and the deceased is possible, especially through dreams. In conclusion, M. Quraish Shihab argues that souls in the Barzakh realm remain alive and conscious, and can interact with other souls, although in a different way from communication in the physical world.

This research discusses the practice of religious moderation at SMPN 2 Ampek Nagari, a secondary school with Muslim students as the majority and non-Muslim students as the minority. The aim of the research is to describe social interactions between Muslim and non-Muslim students, analyze the role of teachers in instilling the value of religious moderation, and identify challenges that arise in the process. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The research results show that social interactions between Muslim and non-Muslim students are harmonious, characterized by cooperation in academic and non-academic activities without discrimination. Teachers play an important role as facilitators, role models and mediators in instilling tolerant attitudes through religious learning, citizenship education and other school activities. However, challenges were also found in the form of negative stereotypes brought from the family environment, as well as feelings of awkwardness in dealing with differences in religious practices. These findings confirm that schools function as laboratories for religious moderation, but their success requires support from parents and the community. Thus, the experience of SMPN 2 Ampek Nagari can become a model for implementing inclusive religious moderation for other secondary schools in Indonesia.

This research explores self-confidence in early childhood, focusing on children aged 5–6 years at TK Pembina Ki Hajar Dewantara. Self-confidence is recognized as an essential part of affective development, influencing personality formation, social-emotional competence, and readiness to face life’s challenges. The study applied a descriptive quantitative design with five children from group B as participants. Data collection was carried out through observation using structured assessment instruments to identify indicators of self-confidence, such as performing in front of others, leading simple tasks, expressing opinions, and engaging in role-play activities. Findings showed that all subjects obtained an average score of 4, categorized as Very Well Developed (BSB). These results indicate that the children displayed strong belief in themselves, decision-making ability, and emotional stability when interacting with others. The study further highlights the significant contribution of teachers and parents in nurturing children’s confidence by providing guidance, encouragement, recognition, and creative learning strategies, including role-play and artistic activities. Consequently, building self-confidence from an early stage is a critical foundation for ensuring children’s success academically and socially.

This study analyzes the symbolic meaning of the 2025 Easter Parade in Kupang City using a symbolic interactionist approach, with a central focus on the cross as a primary symbol. The cross is not only understood as a sacred religious emblem but also as a medium of social communication whose meaning is dynamically constructed through interactions between parade participants, spectators, and particularly the actors portraying the figure of Jesus. These social interactions allow for the reinterpretation of the symbol’s meaning based on cultural contexts and participants' experiences.The findings reveal that deviant behavior exhibited by some actors portraying Jesus created a dissonance between the ideal meaning of Christ’s suffering and the actual performance displayed during the parade. This mismatch caused cognitive dissonance among viewers and had the potential to distort the intended spiritual message of the symbol. The incident underscores the importance of actors' awareness of the sacred nature of the symbol and the necessity for responsible and contextually appropriate representations in public rituals.The study also emphasizes that religious symbols are fluid and do not possess fixed or absolute meanings. Instead, they are subject to redefinition based on individual and collective experiences, cultural backgrounds, and public perceptions. Within the context of the Easter Parade, the cross becomes a performative medium that reflects the values, beliefs, and social dynamics of the diverse society in Kupang. This research employs a mixed-methods approach by integrating both quantitative and qualitative data to provide a more comprehensive understanding. Quantitative data offers general insights into audience perceptions of the symbolic performance, while qualitative data explores deeper layers of symbolic meaning and the sociocultural implications that arise. Overall, this study contributes to the discourse on religion, symbolism, and public ritual by highlighting the importance of intentionality, appropriate representation, and cultural sensitivity in maintaining the sacredness of religious symbols in dynamic and pluralistic public spaces

Studi ini dimaksudkan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh tingkat bunga terhadap ekspansi ekonomi serta implikasinya pada pilihan investasi di Indonesia. Tingkat bunga, sebagai alat utama dalam strategi moneter, secara langsung membentuk perilaku investasi melalui perubahan ongkos modal, sedangkan ekspansi ekonomi menunjukkan kemampuan suatu negara untuk menghasilkan barang dan jasa secara berkelanjutan. Dengan menerapkan pendekatan Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis (SLR), penelitian ini memeriksa artikel, buku akademik, dan sumber daring terpercaya yang terbit dalam lima tahun terakhir, dengan fokus pada interaksi dinamis antara tingkat bunga, ekspansi ekonomi, dan investasi. Temuan studi mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan tingkat bunga dapat mempertahankan stabilitas mata uang dan mengurangi tekanan inflasi, namun cenderung menghambat investasi akibat naiknya ongkos modal. Sebaliknya, tingkat bunga yang lebih rendah mendorong investasi melalui pendanaan yang lebih terjangkau, yang berpotensi berkontribusi pada peningkatan ekspansi ekonomi. Ekspansi ekonomi yang kuat meningkatkan kepercayaan investor, sehingga merangsang investasi domestik maupun luar negeri yang pada akhirnya memperkuat perluasan ekonomi melalui penyediaan modal untuk sektor industri, infrastruktur, dan bidang produktif lainnya. Penelitian ini menegaskan adanya keterkaitan timbal balik antara tingkat bunga, ekspansi ekonomi, dan investasi, serta menekankan perlunya strategi moneter yang seimbang untuk menjaga stabilitas makroekonomi sambil menciptakan lingkungan investasi yang mendukung.

This research discusses the development of a donor module on the SiKembar (Barang Entry and Exit Information System) web-based application, designed to optimize the management of donor data and donation aid during natural disasters. The module is developed to facilitate the donation submission process from the public, ultimately aiming to improve coordination between the community, government, and BPBD (Regional Disaster Management Agency) of Cianjur Regency in managing and distributing post-disaster aid. The development method used in this module is web-based, utilizing PHP programming language and the CodeIgniter framework. The CodeIgniter framework was chosen for its ease of use in building structured and flexible web applications. The donor module developed is integrated into the existing SiKembar platform, allowing for more efficient and organized donor data management. The main feature introduced in this module is the donation submission, which enables the public to directly donate and track the status of their submitted donations through the platform. The results of the research indicate that this module facilitates a more structured and responsive donation submission process. Both donors and administrators can easily access and manage information related to the aid needed and the status of received donations. This enhances transparency and efficiency in donation data management while minimizing the potential for errors in aid distribution. The donor module on the SiKembar application is expected to increase the effectiveness of managing donor data and handling aid following natural disasters. With this system, the aid distribution process will be more organized and faster, while also facilitating better coordination among the involved parties. Ultimately, this module can contribute to accelerating post-disaster recovery and ensuring that aid reaches those in need in a timely manner.

The Sea Picking Tradition is a cultural ritual of the coastal community in Jatirejo Village, Lekok District, Pasuruan Regency, which is held annually as a form of gratitude for marine products. Amidst the current of modernization, this tradition has an important meaning in preserving local wisdom and cultural heritage of coastal communities. This study aims to understand the symbolic meaning contained in the series of Sea Picking Tradition processions and examine its role as a form of local wisdom in maintaining community identity and solidarity. Cultural symbols displayed through offerings, decorated boats, traditional clothing, collective prayers, and other socio-cultural activities are seen as having deep meanings that represent the relationship between humans with nature, each other, and the Creator. The research method used is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods and symbolic interaction analysis. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed to uncover the hidden meanings in cultural symbols. The results show that the symbols in the Sea Picking Tradition form collective meanings that strengthen individual self-concept, social relations, and ecological awareness of coastal communities. This tradition serves as a means of strengthening social solidarity, solidifying local cultural identity, and preserving spiritual values ​​and local wisdom amidst the challenges of modernization. Thus, the Petik Laut tradition serves not only as a ritual of gratitude but also as a cultural heritage that must be preserved to maintain the social, cultural, and spiritual values ​​of coastal communities.

 Peran Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam pembentukan karakter siswa di era digital yang membawa perubahan yang signifikan dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Kemajuan teknologi yang memberikan akses yang mudah bagi setiap siswa membawa tantangan dalam pembentuk karakternya. Pendidikan Agama Kristen memiliki peran yang penting dalam membentuk karakter siswa di era digital. Setiap nilai-nilai karakter yang diajarkan memiliki pemahaman yang baik bagi setiap siswa di era digital ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam membentuk karakter siswa di tengah era digital. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan membuat deskripsi secara sistematis, faktual, dan akurat mengenai fakta dan hubungan antara fenomena yang diteliti. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui observasi selama proses pembelajaran, interaksi siswa dan wawancara, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa cenderung lebih tertarik pada dunia digital dan mengalami penurunan dalam hal disiplin, empati dan tanggung jawab. Pendidikan Agama Kristen tetap memiliki peran penting sebagai pembelajaran nilai-nilai Kristen yang relevan dan aplikatif, seperti kasih, penguasaan diri dan integritas. Penelitian ini menekankan perlunya strategi pembelajaran yang kontekstual agar nilai-nilai karakter Kristen dapat diterapkan secara nyata di tengah era digital.

In the era of globalization, the rapid development of information technology has brought significant changes in the way people access and convey information. The presence of the Internet and social media has proven that global networks enable interaction and information exchange to occur in real time without geographical boundaries. One phenomenon arising from this development is social media, which has become a virtual space for individuals and companies to communicate directly, personally, and interactively. One of the most popular social media platforms today is Instagram, a platform that is now widely utilized by businesses, including those in the culinary industry, to build a strong brand image amid intense competition. This study focuses on the Instagram account @tastea.ig, which makes use of visual content, interactive features, and the comment section to maintain emotional connections and consumer trust. The purpose of this research is to analyze the interaction strategies of the @tastea.ig account in maintaining a positive brand image in the eyes of its followers. Instagram’s visual-centric nature allows businesses to showcase their products in an aesthetically appealing manner, drawing attention from potential customers. The strategic use of high-quality images, videos, and stories not only highlights the brand’s offerings but also creates a lifestyle around the product. @tastea.ig effectively uses these features to build an engaging presence, showing its products in an appealing and relatable context. In addition to visuals, Instagram’s interactive features such as polls, quizzes, and direct messaging foster a sense of community and direct engagement with followers. By involving followers in decision-making or seeking their opinions, @tastea.ig strengthens its relationship with its audience, making them feel valued and heard.

Mengajarkan etika dan moral kepada anak sejak dini sangat penting untuk membentuk karakter mereka agar menjadi individu yang jujur, bertanggung jawab, dan peduli terhadap orang lain. Anak-anak belajar melalui lingkungan sekitar mereka, baik di rumah, sekolah, maupun dalam interaksi sosial sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, orang tua dan guru perlu menggunakan strategi kreatif untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai etika dan moral. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi literatur untuk menganalisis berbagai sumber tentang pendidikan etika dan moral pada anak. Beberapa strategi efektif yang dapat digunakan antara lain memberikan keteladanan, membiasakan anak dengan perilaku baik, menggunakan cerita untuk mengajarkan nilai moral, serta melibatkan anak dalam kegiatan interaktif dan teknologi. Dengan pendekatan yang tepat, anak-anak dapat memahami perbedaan antara perilaku baik dan buruk, serta membangun sikap yang sesuai dengan norma sosial. Harapannya, mereka akan tumbuh menjadi individu yang berintegritas, bertanggung jawab, dan memiliki kepedulian terhadap sesama. Teaching ethics and morals to children from an early age is essential to shape their character to become honest, responsible, and caring individuals for others. Children learn through their environment, whether at home, school, or in everyday social interactions. Therefore, parents and teachers need to use creative strategies to instill ethical and moral values. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study to analyze various sources about ethical and moral education in children. Some effective strategies that can be used include setting an example, accustoming children to good behavior, using stories to teach moral values, and involving children in interactive and technological activities. With the right approach, children can understand the difference between good and bad behavior, as well as build attitudes that conform to social norms. The hope is that they will grow into individuals with integrity, responsibility, and concern for others.  

Happiness is the ultimate goal of every human aspiration. To achieve it to the fullest, humans strive to utilize all their potential. However, in practice, conflicts often arise between personal interests and the interests of others. The desire to realize all dreams becomes problematic when carried out without regard for moral values, especially in a household life built through the sacred bond of marriage. Many married couples fail to create domestic happiness due to uncontrolled ambition. This ambition, when not balanced with ethics and morals, has the potential to cause domestic conflict that results in the neglect of children's education in the family. A current widespread phenomenon shows that married couples spend more time outside the home for work reasons. This opens up opportunities for promiscuity in public spaces and reduces attention to family. If this phenomenon continues, serious problems in the family will become increasingly apparent. The rights and obligations of husband and wife are neglected, affection for children is diminished, and ultimately children feel more comfortable seeking environments outside the home. This condition becomes the entry point for negative speculation from society about married couples who are considered negligent in their household obligations. This research is expected to provide a significant contribution to understanding how families should function optimally. By placing religion as a foundation and making ethics and morals the foundation of social interactions, families can return to their true nature as the birthplace of quality generations with character, ethics, and spiritual values.  

This study aims to describe the types and functions of directive speech acts found in Indonesian language learning interactions at SMP Negeri 3 Gianyar. Employing a descriptive qualitative research design, the data were obtained through note-taking and recording of teacher–student interactions during classroom activities. The analysis followed four main stages: data reduction, data collection, data display, data interpretation, and conclusion drawing. Directive speech acts, which are utterances intended to prompt the listener to perform a specific action, are an essential component of classroom discourse, as they directly influence student participation, classroom management, and instructional clarity. The findings reveal a total of 109 directive speech act utterances produced by both teachers and students. These utterances are categorized into six types: 18 requests, 52 questions, 22 commands, 3 prohibitions, 10 permissions, and 4 pieces of advice. Each type of directive speech act is used to achieve specific communicative purposes. Further analysis identified 11 distinct functions realized within these utterances, namely: requesting, inviting, pleading, asking, wishing, demanding, directing, instructing, prohibiting, permitting, and advising. For instance, teachers predominantly employed questioning and commanding functions to guide learning processes, check comprehension, and maintain classroom order, while students tended to use requesting and asking functions to seek clarification or assistance. The results of this research highlight the significant role of directive speech acts in facilitating interactive and goal-oriented communication in the language learning environment. Understanding the types and functions of such speech acts can provide valuable insights for educators in designing effective communication strategies that foster active learning, encourage student engagement, and create a positive classroom atmosphere. This study contributes to the broader field of pragmatics and educational linguistics by emphasizing the practical application of speech act theory in Indonesian language teaching contexts.

Moral and social education in Islam plays a crucial role in shaping children's character, developing noble character and social responsibility. In this context, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) serves as a prime role model, whose behavior and sayings provide comprehensive guidance for the development of character values. This study aims to analyze authentic hadiths depicting the Prophet's interactions with children to uncover key moral and social values that can be integrated into contemporary Islamic education. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with thematic analysis techniques. Data were collected from relevant authentic hadith literature and then analyzed to identify moral values such as honesty, compassion, justice, empathy, and respect for children's rights. The analysis also considered the historical and social context of the hadiths, allowing interpretations of the values to be tailored to current educational needs. The results show that the Prophet Muhammad taught moral and social principles not only through verbal statements but also through concrete examples in his daily life. For example, he demonstrated gentleness toward children, respected their opinions, appreciated good behavior, and reprimanded them wisely when mistakes occurred. This approach creates an educational pattern that is not authoritarian, but rather builds positive emotional bonds between educators and students. These findings emphasize the relevance of prophetic values in shaping character education in the modern era, which often faces challenges of morality and the degradation of social values. Integrating these values into the curriculum and educational practices in schools and families is expected to produce individuals who are not only intellectually intelligent but also possess high moral integrity and social sensitivity.

This study aims to examine the influence of host interaction and flash sale discounts on consumer interest in live shopping on Shopee among the community in Surabaya City. The research employs a quantitative approach using a structured questionnaire as the primary data collection method. A total of 96 respondents, all of whom actively engage in online shopping via Shopee, were selected as the study sample. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS, applying both t-tests and F-tests to evaluate the hypotheses. The t-test results reveal that host interaction significantly affects consumer interest, with a t-count value of 5.252 exceeding the t-table value of 1.986, and a significance level of 0.000, which is below the 0.05 threshold. Similarly, flash sale discounts also demonstrate a significant effect on consumer interest, with a t-count value of 3.217 surpassing the t-table value of 1.986, and a significance level of 0.002, indicating statistical significance. Furthermore, the F-test results indicate that host interaction and flash sale discounts have a simultaneous and significant influence on consumer interest, as evidenced by an F-count value of 26.37 exceeding the F-table value of 3.9434, with a significance level of 0.000. These findings suggest that both host interaction and flash sale discounts play a crucial role in shaping consumer purchasing interest during live shopping events. The results highlight the importance for resellers and online sellers to enhance host engagement skills and strategically implement time-limited discount offers to attract and retain consumers. In the increasingly competitive e-commerce environment, optimizing these two factors may significantly contribute to improving customer engagement and driving sales performance. This research provides practical insights for online retailers seeking to strengthen their marketing strategies on live shopping platforms

Wayfinding adalah proses mencari dan menentukan arah untuk mencapai tujuan dalam suatu lingkungan. Menurut Passini (1984), proses wayfinding meliputi tiga tahap utama: pengambilan keputusan, pelaksanaan keputusan, dan pemrosesan informasi. Proses ini melibatkan berbagai perilaku dan strategi navigasi yang berbeda tergantung perbedaan individual dan keadaan lingkungan. Studi ini mengkaji strategi navigasi berdasarkan klasifikasi perilaku wayfinding Barker (2019), yang mengelompokkan perilaku ke dalam tiga kategori utama: sosial, semantik, dan spasial. Berdasarkan Barker (2019) dan Dalton dkk. (2019) perilaku sosial melibatkan penggunaan informasi dari interaksi atau tindakan orang lain. Perilaku semantik menggunakan simbol dan petunjuk. Sedangkan perilaku spasial bergantung pada elemen fisik dan model kognitif di lingkungan. Melalui pencarian di berbagai database ilmiah, ditemukan 40 artikel yang diterbitkan antara tahun 1980 hingga 2025, dengan persentase penelitian terbaru dalam 10 tahun terakhir sekitar 60% yang dianalisis dalam kajian ini. Hasil dari tinjauan literatur ini menemukan bahwa individu dari berbagai kondisi dan latar belakang memiliki strategi navigasi yang berbeda, ada yang menggunakan perilaku sosial, perilaku semantik, atau perilaku spasial, bahkan ditemukan pula perilaku kombinasi. Pemahaman yang mendalam terhadap variasi perilaku ini memberikan implikasi penting dalam perancangan elemen arsitektur interior maupun sistem navigasi yang inklusif dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan seluruh pengguna.  

Penelitian ini menganalisis manajemen program pertukaran pelajar di SD Muhammadiyah Wirobrajan 3 dan SD Muhammadiyah Sokonandi Yogyakarta yang bertujuan meningkatkan mutu pendidikan dasar melalui pertukaran budaya dan pembelajaran global. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Informan penelitian meliputi kepala sekolah, pengelola program, guru pendamping, siswa, dan orang tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen program dilaksanakan melalui empat fungsi utama: (1) perencanaan, termasuk seleksi peserta dan pelatihan pra-keberangkatan; (2) pengorganisasian melalui tim kerja berbasis struktur manajemen sekolah; (3) pelaksanaan melalui interaksi langsung dengan mitra sekolah luar negeri; dan (4) evaluasi berkala melalui laporan dan jurnal peserta. Tantangan utama meliputi keterbatasan pendanaan, komunikasi lintas budaya, dan akses teknologi. Keberhasilan program sangat dipengaruhi oleh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan, dan manajemen hubungan publik yang efektif. Rekomendasi mencakup perluasan kemitraan, penguatan dukungan orang tua, dan inovasi dalam pelatihan siswa.

Cultural diversity demands communication skills that extend beyond verbal communication and encompass an understanding of cross-cultural values, emotions, and identities. This article examines cultural communication in a pluralistic society through a psychological approach, focusing on perception, stereotypes, empathy, and cognitive openness. Cultural perception shapes how individuals interpret social reality, but often results in stereotypes that simplify the characteristics of a group, which can hinder healthy communication. On the other hand, empathy—both affective and cognitive—plays a crucial role in building emotional understanding and perspectives toward people from different cultural backgrounds. Cognitive openness strengthens the ability to accept differences, avoid quick judgments, and increase awareness of social complexity. This combination of empathy and openness is the primary foundation for building effective and inclusive intercultural communication competencies. This article emphasizes that these competencies can be developed through education, cross-cultural experiences, and psychosocial training. In the era of globalization and digitalization, cross-cultural understanding is crucial for creating a harmonious environment in educational settings, organizations, and communities. Therefore, building empathetic, open, and stereotype-free communication is key to successful interactions in a multicultural society.  

This study aims to analyze the effect of electrical voltage and flywheel mass on the kinetic energy produced by the starter motor, as well as to evaluate the geometric shape of the flywheel. The kinetic energy in the flywheel is influenced by the moment of inertia and angular velocity produced by the starter motor. The study was conducted exprerimentally using a quatitative approach, with variations in voltage (11V-14V) and flywheel mass (0.9-1.2 kg), and analyzed using a Two-Way ANOVA Faktorial test. The results show that both voltage and flywheel mass significantly affect kinetic energy, with increased voltage linearly increasing RPM and energy, and a larger mass increasing the moment of inertia. The interaction between the two is synergistic, with the combination of 1.2 kg and 14V voltage yielding the highest energy (4.0 Joules), and an R-squared value of 97.65 % indicating the model is highly accurate. These findings support the development of efficient mechanical energi storage system and optimal flywheel design.

This study, titled “The Influence of Parent-Child Interaction on the Development of Children’s Mindset and Attitudes,” is conducted through a literature review of various theories and previous relevant studies. The aim of this research is to identify the role of parent-child interactions in shaping children’s mindset and attitudes from early childhood to adolescence. Based on the literature analysis, it is found that high-quality interactions—such as open communication, positive role modeling, and consistent emotional support—significantly contribute to the development of critical thinking, empathy, and self-confidence in children. Conversely, authoritarian parenting styles, lack of communication, or unresponsiveness to children’s emotional needs tend to foster closed-mindedness, aggressive behavior, and poor social adaptability. This study highlights the essential role of parents in creating a supportive family environment for optimal character development in children.

This study examines cultural conflict in language interaction within the Korean drama Pyramid Game through an ethnolinguistic approach. The main focus of the research is to analyze how language is used as a tool of power, domination, and resistance within the socially hierarchical context of a school setting. Data is derived from the dialogues and actions of key characters such as Baek Ha Rin, Sung Soo Ji, and Seo Do Ah, which reflect power dynamics and efforts to resist oppressive systems. The analysis reveals that language functions not only as a means of communication but also as an instrument for asserting authority and mobilizing solidarity. Baek Ha Rin employs intimidating speech to maintain her position at the top of the social pyramid, while Sung Soo Ji uses language to build a collective movement against injustice. The drama also illustrates symbolic violence through nonverbal communication forms such as exclusion and social gestures. These findings affirm that language in Pyramid Game reflects cultural conflict embedded within an unequal social system and has the potential to generate real-world impacts on society.