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The Golek Gonjing Miring Dance is one of the classical dance works created by Dona Dhian Ginanjar in 2019. This work is interesting to study because it combines two classical Javanese dance styles, namely the soft and feminine Surakarta style and the firm and masculine Yogyakarta style, as a symbol of the duality of women's nature. The theme of this dance tells the story of the angels who came down from heaven to have fun on earth, which is visualized through smooth and expressive choreography with a variety of traditional movements. The accompanying music uses Gendhing Ladrang Gonjing Miring Laras Pelog Nem, which supports the mystical and graceful atmosphere in the performance. Supporting aspects such as make-up, costume design, stage design, and lighting design also strengthen the delivery of artistic and symbolic meaning in this work. This study aims to describe the choreographic form of the Golek Gonjing Miring Dance, musical structure, and supporting visual elements that form an aesthetic unity in the performance. The results of the study show that the Golek Gonjing Miring Dance is not only a medium for preserving Javanese classical dance culture, but also a form of innovation that represents female characters in a more complex way.

This study aims to comprehensively examine the concept of gratitude (shukr) from the perspective of the Qur'an by employing a thematic interpretation approach ( tafsīr al-maw ḍ ū'ī ) combined with the grounded theory method. This dual approach allows for an in-depth exploration of Qur'anic verses related to gratitude while also constructing theoretical frameworks derived directly from the primary data—namely, the Qur'anic text itself. The research adopts a qualitative, library-based methodology, where relevant verses are collected, categorized, and regularly analyzed to understand how gratitude is depicted, what forms it takes, and how it influences human life. The findings reveal that gratitude in the Qur'an goes beyond verbal expressions of gratitude to God. It encompasses inner awareness, acknowledgment of divine favor, wise utilization of blessings, and concrete actions that reflect obedience to God. Gratitude is presented as an active response to divine grace, resulting in positive behavior, spiritual closeness, and the strengthening of ethical and social dimensions in a believer's life. Moreover, the Qur'an affirms that those who are grateful are not only spiritually elevated but also promised an increase in blessings and a noble status in the sight of God. In the current socio-religious context, the value of gratitude holds significant relevance as a foundation for character development and emotional resilience. This study affirms that gratitude is a universal Islamic value that integrates theological, psychological, and ethical aspects. Thus, it is expected that this research contributes both theoretically and practically to the development of thematic Qur'anic studies and a deeper understanding of spiritual consciousness.

This journal was written with the aim of discussing Paul's theology of God's salvation, monergism and synergism. Reviewing Paul's theology of God's true salvation will lead people to a fundamental understanding and strengthen one's hold on being a Christian. There is an understanding that salvation is a human effort and God's work (Synerism). Basically, salvation is the work of God in freeing man from sin. For by the grace of God salvation is wrought, that is, by the sacrifice and redemption of His Only Begotten Son, Jesus Christ. So through this writing, man must hold fast that salvation is a gift from God, not a human effort. This writing method uses a qualitative method through library search, through text sources, such as academic journals, books, papers, and other related literature available in the library.

Coffee ground have great potential to be used as an additional ingredient in making biscuits. The purpose of this study is to create innovative coffee grounds biscuits that can be a promising business opportunity. This study uses a Research and Development (R&D) research design with a 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The results of this study are BIS'KOP (Biskuit Ampas Kopi) products that have a sweet taste, light coffee aroma, crunchy texture, and brown color on the biscuit part and white color on the vanilla cream part. Overall, the sensory characteristics of BIS'KOP products, including taste, aroma, texture, and color have met the expected criteria and are worthy of being marketed. BIS'KOP products can be sold at a price of IDR 24,000.00 per package containing 5 (five) pcs of BIS'KOP. Each serving of BIS'KOP can meet 5% of energy needs, 2% of protein needs, 7% of fat needs, and 5% of carbohydrate needs. Thus, it can be concluded that coffee grounds biscuits have the potential as an alternative snack with a zero waste concept.

This study aims to explore gross motor developmental delays in 6-year-old children as an early indication of possible Tourette syndrome. Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the emergence of spontaneous movements and sounds (tics) that are not realized and can interfere with the child's daily activities. In this study, a qualitative approach was used with a case study method on a boy in Malang City who showed symptoms of motor and vocal tics. Data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews with teachers and parents, and documentation of the child's activities in the home and school environment. The results of the observation showed that the child had difficulty maintaining balance and showed spontaneous movements such as shaking his head, blinking, and clearing his throat repeatedly. These symptoms do not always appear consistently and occur more often when the child is tired or mildly stressed. Data analysis showed that motor delays were not caused by muscle disorders, but by an imbalance in neurological regulation that affects movement coordination. The main risk factors come from daily habits such as excessive use of gadgets, lack of rest time, and unstable emotional responses. The treatment carried out involves a combination of medication from a neurologist and environmental support such as reducing stress triggers, regulating playtime, and an inclusive educational approach. This study emphasizes the importance of early detection, holistic intervention, and ongoing support from families and educators in dealing with children with Tourette syndrome symptoms so that motor delays do not develop into more serious disorders.

This paper is to determine the Role of PBM Wahana Intradermaga Niaga in the Dry Bulk Unloading Process at PT. Pelabuhan Belawan. Unloading activities are activities to unload goods from the ship's hold to the dock in the ship's hull or vice versa (stevedoring), activities to move goods from the dock using a conveyor to the warehouse/stacking yard or vice versa (cargodoring) and activities to pick up goods from the warehouse/yard carried onto a truck or vice versa (receiving/delivery). A dry bulk carrier is a ship specifically designed to be able to transport various dry bulk loads. In the distribution of dry bulk cargo there is an unloading process. Unloading aims to lower and raise goods from the ship to the port or vice versa. And in supporting this goal requires unloading equipment. The unloading equipment in question comes from the port. In carrying out the unloading process, MV. S Grace has obstacles in carrying out unloading. So that the purpose of unloading is not achieved optimally. Therefore, an analysis is needed to determine the factors that inhibit the productivity of dry bulk unloading so that unloading activities can run optimally. From the results of reading and observing this paper, the author states that the implementation of unloading has inhibiting factors, namely external factors. Crane breakdown and bad weather are inhibiting factors in the dry bulk unloading process. Based on these factors, it has an impact on unloading delays that are not according to schedule and increase ship queues. Therefore, the author suggests that port operators or ship crews carry out routine maintenance on the equipment used for loading and unloading so that dry bulk loading and unloading can run optimally. This paper uses the field research method and the library research method (data collection from the library).  

This study is secondary data sourced from the publication of financial reports and annual reports on the website www.ojk.go.id. Hypothesis results Based on the phenomenon of ROA, NPL, LDR graphs showing fluctuating NPL and CAR results in the 2020-2024 period still show fluctuating results in the 2020-2024 period. The lack of openness, ineffective supervision carried out by the Institution on managers will result in financial manipulation by managers which will later affect the decline in the company's financial performance. Insufficient DKI supervision causes GCG not to run optimally. Weak DD performance is indicated by the absence of openness principles between DD and shareholders. The existence of fraudulent practices, one of which arises from the performance of the KA which is dishonest or not independent.

This study aims to analyze the determination of public service tariffs at the local government level. The method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of literature studies, observations, and policy documentation. The results of the study indicate that tariff determination is not yet fully transparent and participatory. A fair, efficient, and community-involved tariff policy is needed to increase the legitimacy and sustainability of public services.

This paper discusses the methodologies for balanced transportation problems and their solutions, focusing on efficient and cost-effective distribution of goods from multiple sources to various destinations. The study highlights the importance of maintaining supply and demand balance and explores systematic approaches such as initial solution methods—North-West Corner, Least Cost, and Vogel Approximation Method—and the optimal solution technique, Stepping Stone. An illustrative case involving a company with multiple factories and markets demonstrates the application of these methods, resulting in minimized transportation costs. Additionally, the process of fertilizer allocation and cost analysis is examined, emphasizing the use of the Stepping Stone method to achieve cost minimization. The findings underscore the effectiveness of combining initial heuristics with iterative optimization to attain optimal transportation solutions, thereby enhancing logistical efficiency and reducing operational expenses.

In the learning process, teachers have not employed a variety of instructional models that align with the diverse learning styles of the students, resulting in a diminished interest in learning among the participants. Accordingly, it is anticipated that this study will enable teachers to engage students more effectively in the learning process, thereby cultivating a greater interest in learning. The objective of this research is to enhance the learning outcomes of students on the subject of Plant Growth and Development by implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model at SMA Kristen Tumou Tou Girian Bitung. This study is a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques include questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis. The research design employed is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects of the study are 20 students from class XIA who experienced the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model. Data were gathered using both tests and observations. Classically, the students’ learning outcomes improved from 70% in cycle I to 100% in cycle II. Consequently, it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning method has enhanced the learning outcomes of the students in class XIA of the specialized program at SMA Kristen Tumou Tou Girian Bitung.  

This article examines the importance of understanding and applying church discipline in the life of today’s congregation based on biblical principles. Church discipline is not merely seen as a form of punishment but as a means of God's grace to bring about restoration, spiritual growth, and order within the body of Christ. Through the study of Scripture and theological reflection, this paper explains that discipline is an expression of God’s love aimed at guiding His people toward repentance and truth. In practice, discipline must be carried out with love, patience, and wisdom, thus reflecting the character of Christ rather than serving merely as a corrective measure. The article also highlights the challenges of applying church discipline in the context of a modern culture that tends to reject authority and correction. Nevertheless, the author asserts that discipline remains relevant and essential as a means of preserving the holiness of the church and its witness to the world. The conclusion of this discussion shows that church discipline, when properly implemented, has a positive impact on both individuals and the faith community as a whole.

This study examines Boras Sipir Ni Tondi, a sacred cultural symbol of the Batak community which literally means “rice that restores the soul,” often used in traditional rituals as a medium of spiritual healing, blessing, and communal solidarity. The research addresses the growing theological tension and cultural disconnection among Batak Christian youth who are caught between ancestral heritage and the normative teachings of Christianity. The objective of this study is to explore the symbolic and theological meaning of Boras Sipir Ni Tondi and to develop a contextual approach for its integration into Christian Religious Education (CRE). Using a qualitative research approach with library research methods and contextual hermeneutic analysis, the study draws on theological literature, cultural anthropology, and scriptural narratives. The findings reveal that Boras Sipir Ni Tondi holds profound symbolic meanings aligned with Christian concepts of restoration, spiritual renewal, and divine grace. When interpreted theologically, this symbol can serve as a pedagogical tool to bridge faith and culture, especially through reflective learning models, contextual liturgies, and integrative teaching strategies. The study proposes that by embracing culturally meaningful symbols within the framework of biblical theology, CRE can foster spiritual identity that is both rooted in tradition and transformative in faith. It concludes that a critical and theologically grounded inculturation of local symbols enhances the relevance of Christian education, enabling learners to embody faith that is contextually aware, spiritually alive, and culturally rooted.  

Covenant Theology is a systematic approach to understanding the Bible that is based on the structure of the covenants God established with His people. It interprets the overall narrative of Scripture as a series of divine interactions built through three main covenants: Covenant of Salvation, Covenant of Works, and Covenant of Grace. Beginning with God's initiative to bind Himself to humanity, covenants form the basis for redemptive relationships and communicate His will in salvation history. This covenant history includes covenants with figures such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, and Moses, and their fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who is at the center of the New Testament. In the Reformed context, Covenant Theology explains the role of the Triune God in the work of salvation and forms the foundation for important doctrines such as salvation by grace, the sacraments, and the life of the believer. As such, Covenant Theology provides a holistic framework for understanding the biblical narrative as the consistent and loving unity of God to His chosen people.

The sacraments of baptism and the Lord’s Supper are the two main sacraments in the Christian tradition, both carrying profound theological and spiritual significance. A sacrament contains two essential elements: an outward sign (such as water, bread, and wine) and a spiritual reality (namely, the grace of God given through the sign). A sacrament is not merely a symbol, but a means of communion with Christ that strengthens faith and bears witness to God’s grace. In Christian theology, a sacrament is broadly defined as a rite or religious ceremony performed to symbolize or help bring about a transformation in the lives of those who participate in it. The Sacrament of the Lord’s Supper is one of the key sacraments in the Christian tradition, symbolizing the fellowship of believers with Christ through the shared consumption of bread and wine. Its meaning is profound, as it is not only a remembrance of Jesus Christ’s sacrifice on the cross, but also an expression of faith and a deep reflection on the saving love of God. The Lord’s Supper also contains an eschatological meaning, pointing believers toward the future. In each celebration of the Lord’s Supper, the people of Christ anticipate the heavenly banquet at the end of the age.  

The development of information and communication technology has encouraged the world of education to adapt to the use of digital media in the learning process. One platform that can be utilized effectively is Google Sites, a free website creation service from Google that allows teachers and students to easily create web-based learning media. This article comprehensively discusses the use of Google Sites as a learning medium, including its advantages, disadvantages, and functions in supporting digital learning. In addition, this article also explains the systematic steps in creating a learning site using Google Sites, from planning to publishing the site. The results of the discussion show that Google Sites is a practical, flexible, and collaborative solution in supporting 21st century learning, especially in the context of blended learning and distance learning. Although it has limitations in design and interactivity, the advantages in integrating Google services and ease of use make this platform worthy of adoption in educational environments.

This paper theologically examines the concept of salvation in Arminian theology, a system of thought developed by Jacobus Arminius in response to the doctrines of Calvinism, especially regarding predestination and saving grace. Through a literature study, this research explores the main tenets of Arminianism such as freedom of the will, conditional election, universal redemption, the resistibility of grace, and the possibility of losing salvation. Arminian theology views salvation as the result of cooperation between God's grace and human response, where grace is universally given but can be resisted by human free will. It also emphasizes that salvation is not a static status, but rather a dynamic relationship that requires perseverance in faith. This research shows that Arminianism not only provides a systematic soteriological framework, but is also relevant in the context of contemporary Christian faith life. By emphasizing God's inclusive love and human responsibility in responding to salvation, Arminianism provides an important contribution to contemporary theological discourse as well as a balanced faith appreciation between divine sovereignty and human freedom.  

This study aims to examine the legal protection of property brought into marriage that is mixed with joint property as a result of joint management in a marriage. In many cases, this mixing causes unclear legal status of the assets, especially during divorce or inheritance division. This study uses empirical normative legal methods with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data obtained were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. This study shows that legal regulations in Indonesia related to the protection of property brought into marriage that is mixed with joint property due to joint management in marriage, and highlights the inconsistency of court decisions in such disputes and their impact on household economic stability. Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law have distinguished between property brought into marriage and joint property, practice in the field shows that mixing of property due to joint management often causes conflict during divorce. Inconsistency in court decisions arises due to the unclear norms in Article 37 of the Marriage Law which provide room for different interpretations by judges. This has an impact on legal uncertainty and potential injustice, especially for parties who are socially or economically weaker. Mixed property disputes also affect household economic stability, exacerbate social inequality, and cause psychological burdens for family members, including children. This study recommends the need for more detailed regulatory updates, the issuance of technical guidelines by the Supreme Court to unify decision standards, and increased legal education for the community to prevent conflicts through marriage agreements.

This abstract discusses the characteristics of the true church according to Christian views, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness to the Word of God as the primary foundation. The true church is a community that faithfully proclaims the Gospel of Christ purely, without addition or subtraction from the teachings of the Bible. This faithfulness serves as the basis for the church’s existence as the living body of Christ, functioning to spread salvation to all people. Besides faithfulness to the Word, the proper administration of the sacraments is also an important characteristic of the true church. Sacraments such as baptism and the Lord’s Supper are conducted according to Christ’s commands and serve as means of grace that strengthen the faith of the congregation. The spiritual discipline practiced within the church maintains the holiness of the members and encourages repentance and restoration, so that the community continues to live in truth and love. Unity and holiness reflect the church’s calling to live in love and truth, while the apostolic nature shows its adherence to the teachings of the apostles. Catholicity affirms that the true church is universal and transcends cultural and geographical boundaries.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies, operational mechanisms, and key challenges faced by the Multipurpose Cooperative (KSU) BONA MANDIRI JAYA. A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis as data collection methods. The results show that the cooperative adopts a direct marketing strategy targeting underserved and remote areas, combined with a personalized approach in monitoring its clients. Despite its growth, the cooperative encounters several challenges, including limited capital, low member financial literacy, non-performing loans, and the need to adapt to digital transformation. To overcome these obstacles, the cooperative implements credit restructuring policies and intensive field monitoring. The study recommends strengthening institutional capacity and adopting digital systems to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of cooperative operations.

Lake Toba, designated as a National Tourism Strategic Area, faces ecological disruption due to the invasive Red Devil fish (Amphilophus labiatus), which threatens the sustainability of native aquatic species. This study aims to enhance the knowledge of the Tapian Nauli farmer group in Hariara Pohan Village, Samosir Regency, in utilizing the Red Devil fish as Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) and processed food. Methods employed include agricultural extension activities, practical demonstrations, pre-tests and post-tests, and evaluation through questionnaires. Results showed a significant improvement in farmers' knowledge after the extension, with 70% moving from the "poor" to "good" category. The Red Devil fish was successfully processed into LOF through fermentation using molasses, starbio, and pineapple, and into shredded fish (abon) as a food product. Farmers responded positively to the idea of Red Devil abon as a potential household business opportunity, given the fish's abundance and low cost. Evaluation of the extension activities revealed a high level of suitability with an average score of 96.33%, covering material content, delivery methods, and instructional media. This study demonstrates that locally based extension approaches can effectively empower farmers to convert invasive pests into value-added products, while fostering economic opportunities rooted in local resources.