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This study aims to analyze the relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep duration on VO₂Max levels among soccer school (SSB) students in Surabaya. VO₂Max is a key indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness and athletic performance. This research employed a quantitative cross-sectional design with an analytical observational approach. A total of 162 SSB students were included as research participants from several soccer schools in Surabaya. Data were collected using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess caffeine intake and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep duration, and were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results revealed a significant relationship between caffeine consumption and sleep duration with VO₂Max (p<0.001). Students with higher caffeine consumption (≥3.5) and adequate sleep duration (≥7 hours) tended to have better VO₂Max values compared to those with lower caffeine intake and insufficient sleep. These findings indicate that appropriate caffeine consumption and adequate sleep duration play an important role in improving cardiorespiratory fitness. Therefore, proper education on healthy lifestyle habits is essential to optimize the performance of young athletes.

According to the International Agency for Cancer Registry (IACR), breast cancer is the most common cancer among women after lung cancer, and continues to be frequently diagnosed worldwide. In 2022, more than 2.32 million new cases of breast cancer were reported globally, while Indonesia recorded 65,858 cases (16.6% of all cancers). Therefore, adolescent girls need to have adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward breast self-examination (BSE/SADARI) as part of reproductive health awareness and preventive efforts. This study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes regarding SADARI among 10th-grade female students at MAN (State Islamic Senior High School) 3 Sleman. This study employed a quantitative correlational approach with a cross-sectional design, involving a sample of 66 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing questions related to BSE. The Spearman Rank test showed a p-value of 0.606, which is greater than 0.05 (p > 0.05). This indicates that there is no significant relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes toward BSE among 10th-grade female students at MAN 3 Sleman. In addition, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.065, indicating a very weak relationship between knowledge and attitudes. There is no significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes regarding BSE among 10th-grade female students at MAN 3 Sleman. Schools and healthcare providers are encouraged to enhance structured and continuous BSE education and incorporate educational media during health counseling to foster positive attitudes.

This study aims to analyze the role of assessment in decision-making within guidance and counseling services. Assessment plays a crucial role in providing accurate, objective, and comprehensive data regarding students’ characteristics, needs, and problems. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by analyzing 25 relevant scholarly sources related to assessment, measurement, and counseling services. The findings indicate that measurement serves as the fundamental basis of assessment, which involves systematic processes to obtain quantitative data. The quality of assessment results is highly influenced by the reliability and validity of the instruments used. Reliable instruments ensure consistency, while valid instruments ensure accuracy in measuring intended variables. Furthermore, assessment functions as a basis for diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation of guidance and counseling services. The study also reveals that the application of assessment in schools is not yet optimal due to several factors, including limited counselor competence and lack of effective use of instruments. In addition, the integration of technology and the use of both test and non-test instruments have been shown to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of assessment. In conclusion, systematic and well-implemented assessment significantly enhances the quality of decision-making in guidance and counseling services. Therefore, improving counselors’ competencies and optimizing the use of assessment instruments are essential to support more effective counseling practices

Social Studies (IPS) learning in elementary schools plays an essential role in developing students’ critical thinking skills and civic attitudes as part of 21st-century competencies. However, in practice, IPS learning is still commonly teacher-centered and lacks contextual learning experiences, resulting in low student engagement and limited development of higher-order thinking skills. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in IPS learning to enhance critical thinking skills and civic attitudes of grade VI students at SDN Prekbun. The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with teachers, students, school principals, and parents, as well as documentation of learning activities. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings indicate that the implementation of PjBL effectively enhances students’ active participation, critical thinking skills in analyzing social issues, and civic attitudes such as responsibility, cooperation, and social awareness. Learning becomes more meaningful as students are directly involved in contextual, collaborative, and problem-based project activities. Despite these positive outcomes, several challenges were identified, including limited learning facilities, time management constraints, and variations in students’ confidence levels. This study implies that PjBL is an effective instructional model for strengthening character education and developing 21st-century skills in elementary social studies learning

This study analyzes visual signs in the Charlie Chaplin animations Safari at The Park and The King in The Ring using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic framework, focusing on icons, indexes, and symbols. Film and animation communicate meaning through visual elements such as gestures, facial expressions, movements, and character interactions, making them rich for semiotic analysis. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the research identified and categorized visual signs in both animations. Results show that icons, which resemble real-world objects, dominate by establishing story settings natural safari environments in one animation and competitive boxing arenas in the other. Indexes reveal cause-and-effect relationships, demonstrating how gestures, expressions, and actions convey danger, fatigue, or emotional shifts. Symbols convey conventional or cultural meanings, such as Charlie Chaplin’s bowler hat and cane representing his comedic identity, a championship belt symbolizing victory, or a rose indicating affection. While both animations use the same types of signs, the intensity and focus vary with the narrative context: Safari at The Park emphasizes situational and natural elements, whereas The King in The Ring highlights competition and emotional reactions. This study confirms that Peirce’s triadic model effectively explains how meaning is constructed in animation through dynamic visual communication.

This study aims to analyze intersubjectivity, love, and hope in the anime The Fragrant Flower Blooms With Dignity through the perspective of the existentialist philosophy of Gabriel Marcel. The research employs a qualitative method using a literature review and content analysis approach. Data were collected from relevant philosophical texts on Marcel’s thought and from the analysis of scenes, dialogues, and character development in the anime. The findings reveal that the relationship between Kouruko Waguri and Rintaro Tsumugi reflects the concept of intersubjectivity as an authentic encounter between “I” and “Thou,” where both individuals recognize each other as subjects. The concepts of being and presence are manifested through genuine presence and relational openness, while having functions as a supporting element that does not lead to possessiveness. Furthermore, fidelity, love, and hope emerge as central dimensions in the fulfillment of the characters’ existence, as these aspects enable their relationship to develop in a meaningful and profound way. This study demonstrates that popular cultural works such as anime can serve as relevant media for philosophical reflection in understanding human existence as inherently relational.

This study examines the Common Dange Mess at the Parish of Santo Antonius Padua Mendalam as a manifestation of the inculturation of Catholic faith with the Dayak Kayan culture. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study focuses on the meaning and relationship between the Church altar and the Lasah as symbols of liturgy and culture. The altar remains the sacramental center of the Eucharist, while the Lasah channels prayers, offerings, and local cultural identity, forming a harmonious dialogue without altering theological meaning. Cultural elements such as language, songs, dances, traditional attire, and ritual symbols are purified and aligned with the liturgy, ensuring that all offerings are directed to God. The findings indicate that the Common Dange Mess strengthens the faith of the Dayak Kayan community, preserves cultural identity, and affirms the practice of contextual theology, in which the proclamation of the Gospel is realized contextually, dialogically, and complementarily with local traditions, making this celebration a mature model of inculturation centered on Christ.  

This study aims to analyze promiscuous sexual behavior among adolescents as a manifestation of problematic behavior through a literature review approach. The method used was a literature review with a descriptive-analytical design, analyzing 20 national scientific articles published between 2007 and 2024. The analysis process was conducted systematically through the stages of identifying relevant sources, classifying themes, extracting important data, and synthesizing findings to build a comprehensive conceptual framework. The study results were then grouped into four main aspects: internal factors, external factors, impacts, and prevention strategies. The study results indicate that promiscuous sexual behavior among adolescents is influenced by internal factors such as knowledge, attitudes, and moral reasoning, as well as external factors such as family environment, peers, social media, and lack of parental supervision. The resulting impacts are multidimensional, encompassing health (sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancies), psychological (anxiety, guilt), and social (stigma and educational disruption). Effective prevention efforts involve comprehensive sex education, active family involvement, and collaboration between schools and the community.

This study is motivated by the importance of fostering students’ moral character within the school environment through religious activities, one of which is the Qur’an halaqah. The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of the Qur’an halaqah activities and their role in shaping students’ character at SMK Islam Al-Amal Surabaya. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the regular implementation of Qur’an halaqah activities is able to provide a positive impact on students’ character, such as improving discipline, politeness, and responsibility. The habituation process carried out in these activities becomes a key factor in shaping students’ behavior. The implications of this study suggest that the Qur’an halaqah can serve as an effective program for developing students’ moral character in schools; therefore, it should be maintained and continuously developed.

Indonesia's maritime security faces increasingly complex challenges due to the rise of hybrid threats that combine traditional and non-traditional elements. One of the main threats is the shadow fleet, operating covertly with unregistered ships, evading detection, and exploiting weaknesses in maritime surveillance to engage in illegal activities such as smuggling, illegal transshipment, and unlawful exploitation of natural resources. This phenomenon exacerbates Indonesia's maritime security situation, particularly in strategic areas like the Natuna Sea and the Sunda Strait, which are vulnerable to geopolitical conflicts and overlapping territorial claims. Additionally, transnational crimes such as piracy, drug trafficking, and human trafficking further undermine security in Indonesian waters. To address these threats, Indonesia needs to strengthen its maritime surveillance capacity by adopting advanced technologies such as early detection sistems and the Automatic Identification Sistem (AIS), as well as enhancing coordination between maritime agencies like Bakamla and the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL) to improve responses to harder-to-detect threats. Moreover, international cooperation with neighboring countries and regional maritime organizations like ASEAN must be bolstered to tackle cross-border threats. Strengthening surveillance, modernizing technology, and fostering more integrative maritime diplomacy will be crucial in safeguarding Indonesia's maritime sovereignty and ensuring the stability of this increasingly strategic maritime region.

This study is motivated by the low learning outcomes in Mahfudzat among Grade 2C students at Pondok Pesantren Al-Madani Cikalong, as indicated by an average score of 54.2, which is below the minimum passing standard of 60, as well as low student attention during learning. This study aims to determine the improvement in students’ learning activity and achievement through the implementation of the Team Quiz strategy. The method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on the Kemmis and Taggart model, conducted in three cycles using data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The results show that the Team Quiz strategy is effective in improving both student activity and learning outcomes. Learning activity increased from 84% in Cycle I to 96% in Cycle III, while learning achievement improved from 77% (average score 70) to 100% (average score 86). Therefore, the Team Quiz strategy is proven to enhance the quality of Mahfudzat learning. It is recommended that teachers consistently apply this strategy and that schools provide adequate support to optimize the learning process.

In the current digital era, social media has become an open space filled with streams of information, including invalid ones. Santri, as the future generation of the ummah, are required to have critical thinking skills to filter, analyze, and make wise decisions. Islamic boarding schools as traditional Islamic educational institutions are faced with the challenge to remain relevant amidst technological developments. This study aims to: 1) Find out the strategies of Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa III Gresik in improving students’ critical thinking skills toward social media developments, 2) Identify supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of the strategy, 3) Understand the role of Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa III in integrating traditional values with modern approaches to sharpen students’ critical thinking skills. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the strategies include: 1) Integration of digital literacy and critical thinking in the formal education curriculum, 2) Character building and supervision in the dormitory environment as a key strategy, 3) Strengthening through extracurricular activities, awareness campaigns, and limited training. Supporting factors include strong leadership, dedication from teachers and administrators, presence of traditional Islamic values as ethical foundations, and increased student awareness. Obstacles include time limitations, lack of structured materials, varying digital literacy levels, and the rapid evolution of social media. The pesantren has successfully integrated Islamic values such as tabayyun, adab, amanah, and husnudzon with modern approaches.

This study is motivated by the low learning outcomes in Mahfudzat among Grade 2C students at Pondok Pesantren Al-Madani Cikalong, as indicated by an average score of 54.2, which is below the minimum passing standard of 60, as well as low student attention during learning. This study aims to determine the improvement in students’ learning activity and achievement through the implementation of the Team Quiz strategy. The method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) based on the Kemmis and Taggart model, conducted in three cycles using data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The results show that the Team Quiz strategy is effective in improving both student activity and learning outcomes. Learning activity increased from 84% in Cycle I to 96% in Cycle III, while learning achievement improved from 77% (average score 70) to 100% (average score 86). Therefore, the Team Quiz strategy is proven to enhance the quality of Mahfudzat learning. It is recommended that teachers consistently apply this strategy and that schools provide adequate support to optimize the learning process.

In the current digital era, social media has become an open space filled with streams of information, including invalid ones. Santri, as the future generation of the ummah, are required to have critical thinking skills to filter, analyze, and make wise decisions. Islamic boarding schools as traditional Islamic educational institutions are faced with the challenge to remain relevant amidst technological developments. This study aims to: 1) Find out the strategies of Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa III Gresik in improving students’ critical thinking skills toward social media developments, 2) Identify supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of the strategy, 3) Understand the role of Pondok Pesantren Daruttaqwa III in integrating traditional values with modern approaches to sharpen students’ critical thinking skills. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the strategies include: 1) Integration of digital literacy and critical thinking in the formal education curriculum, 2) Character building and supervision in the dormitory environment as a key strategy, 3) Strengthening through extracurricular activities, awareness campaigns, and limited training. Supporting factors include strong leadership, dedication from teachers and administrators, presence of traditional Islamic values as ethical foundations, and increased student awareness. Obstacles include time limitations, lack of structured materials, varying digital literacy levels, and the rapid evolution of social media. The pesantren has successfully integrated Islamic values such as tabayyun, adab, amanah, and husnudzon with modern approaches.

Correspondence administration is vital for supporting operational efficiency in schools. However, manual management often leads to issues such as data retrieval delays, recording errors, and the risk of lost archives. This research aims to design and develop a Web-Based Administration Data Monitoring Information System using QR Codes at UPTD SMAN 3 Majene. The study employs the Research and Development (R&D) method with the Waterfall model, encompassing requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.The system involves three primary users: Admin/Administrative Staff, Teachers, and the Principal. QR Codes are implemented as digital identities to facilitate easier archive tracking and retrieval. Results indicate that the system enhances effectiveness and efficiency in correspondence management, accelerates letter request services, and simplifies data monitoring for school management. This system is expected to provide a solution for achieving orderly administration at UPTD SMAN 3 Majene. Furthermore, QR Code integration ensures document validity and digital archive security, supporting a more modern, transparent, and sustainable school governance transformation.

Facies analysis and thin-section petrography are complementary and essential approaches for determining the lithological characteristics of deep-water deposits. Deep-water sediments are formed by diverse depositional processes such as turbidity currents, debris flows, slumps, and pelagic suspension settling, producing a wide range of lithofacies with distinctive textural, compositional, and sedimentary structural attributes. This literature review synthesizes studies that apply facies analysis and thin-section petrography to characterize deep-water deposits across various basins and geological ages worldwide. Field-based facies analysis emphasizes lithology, sedimentary structures, bed geometry, and vertical–lateral facies relationships to reconstruct depositional environments. In contrast, thin-section petrography provides microscopic insights into mineral composition, grain texture, cement types, porosity, and diagenetic features that are not observable in the field. The integration of these methods, often combined with advanced techniques such as XRD, SEM, and geochemical analyses, has proven effective in distinguishing lithofacies, understanding sedimentary processes, and evaluating reservoir quality. The review highlights that grain size, sorting, cement type, pore-throat size, and diagenetic processes are key controls on lithological characteristics and reservoir potential in deep-water systems. Therefore, the combined application of facies analysis and thin-section petrography provides a comprehensive framework for interpreting deep-water sedimentary systems.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has now become a widespread health issue with serious implications for public health. In an effort to support non-pharmacological management, the use of aloe vera (Aloe vera) decoction is one option being considered, given that this plant contains bioactive components such as aloin, emodin, and polysaccharides that have the potential to help lower blood glucose levels. This study aims to examine the effect of consuming aloe vera (Aloe vera) decoction on lowering blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Lampaseh Lhok Village, Montasik Subdistrict, Aceh Besar. The research was conducted from June 19 to 28, 2025, in that area. The study design employed a quantitative research approach using a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest model. The study population consisted of 38 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, while the sample comprised 15 respondents. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling. The measurement tools included a glucometer and an observation sheet. Based on the data analysis results, a decrease in blood glucose levels was observed after the respondents consumed the aloe vera decoction. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test yielded a p-value of 0.001 (< 0.05), leading to the conclusion that the administration of the aloe vera (Aloe vera) decoction has a significant effect on reducing blood glucose levels in the respondents. Therefore, respondents are advised to drink aloe vera tea at least once a day as an alternative measure to help control blood glucose levels.

This study explores the integration of Creativity Education and Growth Mindset in Catholic Religious Education (CRE) at Senior High Schools and examines its alignment with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, focusing on quality and inclusive education. Using a Systematic Literature Review based on the PRISMA 2020 protocol, the study analyzed 1,263 articles from scientific databases, narrowing down to 106 relevant studies. The findings highlight that Creativity Education fosters critical thinking, cognitive flexibility, problem-solving, and the integration of moral and spiritual values. Growth Mindset enhances students’ intrinsic motivation, perseverance, and resilience, creating an adaptive, innovative, and inclusive learning environment. The synthesis led to the development of an integrative learning model, which includes the Creative Reflective Learning Cycle, Faith-Based Project Learning, Creative Growth Dialogue, and Digital Creativity Integration. This model aims to holistically develop students’ cognitive, creative, moral, and spiritual capacities. The study demonstrates that the combination of Creativity Education and Growth Mindset enriches CRE pedagogical practices and supports the development of 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking, collaboration, digital literacy, and moral literacy. It concludes that project-based learning, digital technology integration, and curriculum adjustments are vital steps in improving learning quality and inclusiveness. The study recommends further empirical research to test the effectiveness of the proposed model.

The growth of aviation activities at I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali, has led to the rapid development of surrounding areas, potentially obstructing protected airspace. Obstacles on the approach surface of Runway 27 have become a critical concern, particularly for precision approach Category II (CAT II) operations, which require obstacle-free approach areas. This study aims to analyze obstacles within the approach area of Runway 27 and develop effective control strategies. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through field observations, interviews, and documentation studies. The analysis follows the Obstacle Limitation Surfaces (OLS) standards according to ICAO and national regulations. The findings reveal obstacles such as mangrove vegetation, antennas, and ship activities in the Benoa Harbor area, which are located within the approach surface and could potentially impact the OLS limits. While these obstacles generally comply with existing regulations, their proximity to the threshold may reduce the safety margin of flight operations and limit CAT II implementation on Runway 27. This study proposes technical, operational, regulatory, and preventive strategies to improve obstacle control, enhancing aviation safety and ensuring the readiness for CAT II operations at the airport.

This community service program aims to empower students. The lack of digital business literacy and knowledge about Islamic entrepreneurship in Islamic-based schools, as well as the application of sharia business principles, are the main drivers of this program. The activity implementation technique uses the Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology. Problem identification, needs analysis, preparation of materials and instruments, pre-testing, training in Islamic business ethics and entrepreneurship theory, digital business practices, mentoring, post-testing, and program evaluation are some of the steps included in the activity. A total of 60 12th-grade students and ten instructors participated in this activity. The results showed that students' knowledge of sharia-based digital business, digital marketing skills, and entrepreneurial drive all increased. Student interest in starting a business increased by 78%, and participants' understanding of digital literacy increased by 85%. Furthermore, the program successfully instilled the ideals of Islamic entrepreneurship, such as accountability, honesty, and trustworthiness, as well as the prohibition of usury in digital business operations. In addition to encouraging the development of an Islamic digital business community within the educational environment, this community service program helps students develop personalities with noble morals, creativity, and adaptability.