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Economic growth is one of the key indicators that reflects the welfare level of a country's population. Therefore, economic growth is always a central focus in national development planning, with the expectation of continuous improvement year after year. Java Island plays a vital role as the largest contributor to the national economy. However, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, which occurred recently, caused a significant economic contraction, and Java Island was the most affected region. This crisis has impacted all sectors of the economy, including industry, trade, and tourism, which in turn affected the national economy. Nevertheless, the economic recovery efforts have begun to show results, with the economy, especially in Java, growing significantly in 2021. However, rapid growth in certain districts/cities in Java has caused new issues, such as population explosions, environmental degradation, and increasing crime rates. Therefore, it is essential to conduct a thorough analysis of the factors influencing economic growth and to map out the potential economic indicators in various regions across Java. This study uses multivariate biplot analysis and spatial econometrics to analyze and map the uniformity of districts/cities, industry mapping, and areas that serve as growth centers and those that are less developed. The results show that factors affecting economic growth in districts/cities vary. Generally, inflation has both positive and negative effects on the economy, while the unemployment rate, human development index, and population growth rate have a positive impact on economic growth. This study provides clear insights to support more targeted and effective development policies on Java Island, as well as improve the quality of life for residents in less developed areas.

Industrialization is a key factor in the economic development of a country, including Indonesia. Since the New Order era, industrialization has become an integral part of national development strategies, marked by the growth of the industrial sector and the active involvement of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept of industrialization, its role in the economy, the development of the industrial sector in Indonesia, its impacts, and concrete examples of state-owned enterprises operating in the industrial sector. The method used is a literature review with a qualitative approach, focusing on synthesizing findings from various sources to gain deeper insight. The discussion results show that industrialization greatly contributes to economic growth and job creation, but it also brings negative impacts such as environmental pollution, consumerism, cultural value shifts, and uncontrolled urbanization. One example of a state-owned enterprise playing a major role in the industrial sector is PT Pertamina (Persero), which contributes to national energy security and the development of a sustainable energy industry. By understanding the dynamics of industrialization, it is hoped that Indonesia’s future economic development can achieve a better balance between growth and sustainability.

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has transformed the way we understand and practice religion, including the spread of extremist religious ideologies. Religious moderation education has become an essential tool for strengthening national awareness by instilling values of tolerance, inclusivity, and love for the homeland. This education promotes a balanced and tolerant understanding of religion. However, a significant challenge arises from the overwhelming flow of information on the internet, which is not matched by adequate digital literacy. Therefore, religious moderation education serves as a filter to counter radicalization. This study uses a review research method with a qualitative approach to analyze the implementation of religious moderation education through formal, nonformal, and informal channels. The findings indicate that formal education is effective in instilling moderate character through a systematic structure. Nonformal institutions, such as Islamic boarding schools and study groups, also play a crucial role in spreading moderate Islamic values. Meanwhile, informal education within families provides a vital foundation for instilling these values from an early age. This study recommends strengthening the religious moderation curriculum, optimizing the role of nonformal institutions, and empowering families to enhance national awareness and address the potential for radicalization.  

Currently, public trust in the Indonesian National Army (TNI) is decreasing, especially due to issues of accountability, integrity, and meritocracy. In this uncertain situation, the socialization of the TNI Law is a strategic step to improve the image of the TNI in the eyes of the public. Changes to the TNI Law are expected to bring great benefits, especially in increasing transparency, accountability, and the implementation of a meritocratic system in the TNI structure. However, the public wants to ensure that these changes are truly far from the practice of injustice and personal interests within the TNI. This study aims to see how effective the socialization of the TNI Law is in overcoming the crisis of public trust. In addition, this study also produces various views on the implementation of the TNI Law and assesses how the socialization of the Law can affect public perceptions of professionalism and trust in the TNI. The results of a simple linear regression test show that the socialization of the TNI Law has a significant effect on the level of public trust, with a sig value (0.001). The R Square value of 0.301 indicates that the socialization of the TNI Bill is able to explain 30.1% of the variability in public trust, while the rest is influenced by other factors outside the model. Thus, socialization that is carried out openly, participatively, and accountably is an important step in bridging the current crisis of trust. The findings of this study provide critical insights and are expected to be implemented effectively to improve public trust in the TNI institution in the future.    

Indonesia is a multicultural country facing serious challenges related to intolerance, social conflict, and identity polarization. This study aims to examine the strategic role of Civic Education as a means of strengthening national insight in building a tolerant society. Using a qualitative approach through literature review methods, this research analyzes various relevant sources on education, tolerance, and nationalism. The results show that Civic Education contributes to shaping students’ democratic character, inclusiveness, and appreciation of diversity. It not only transfers civic knowledge but also instills social skills and human values. However, challenges in implementation remain, such as cognitively-centered curricula and the negative influence of digital technology. Therefore, a contextual learning approach that emphasizes real-life experiences and active student participation is needed. The findings indicate the importance of synergy between schools, families, and communities in creating a conducive environment for nurturing tolerant attitudes. The implications of this research highlight the need to revitalize Civic Education as a key medium for building a peaceful, inclusive, and civilized nation amid complex social dynamics.

The rise of radicalism on university campuses poses a serious challenge to the world of education, particularly in preserving the unity of a pluralistic and tolerant nation. Radicalism targets not only religious institutions but has also infiltrated academic spaces, including among students. Christian Education, grounded in the values of love, forgiveness, and respect for others, holds strategic potential as a pillar in fostering religious moderation amid the tide of extremism. This study aims to examine the role and contribution of Christian Education in shaping moderate mindsets and character among campus youth. The research method used is qualitative-descriptive with a literature study approach, analyzing relevant literature, documents, and studies on Christian education, religious moderation, and campus radicalism. The novelty of this research lies in its emphasis on integrating the teachings of love in Christian faith with the values of religious moderation as a contextual response to radicalism. The findings reveal that a contextual and transformative Christian education approach can strengthen national insight, encourage interfaith dialogue, and foster a spirit of peaceful coexistence. The discussion highlights the importance of curriculum reformulation, character education reinforcement, and collaboration with various parties to create an academic atmosphere free from radical influences. The conclusion of this study is that Christian Education can serve as a strong foundation for promoting religious moderation and countering campus radicalism by forming students' character grounded in love and tolerance in their daily lives.

The Sinta Score Overall (SSO) ranking is a crucial indicator in assessing the academic quality and productivity of lecturers and researchers. However, many academics face challenges in improving their SSO ranking due to a lack of understanding of effective strategies for scientific publication. Therefore, this community service initiative was conducted through a national webinar with the primary objective of providing insights and strategies to academics on how to optimize their SSO. The method employed in this initiative involved dissemination and interactive discussions via a webinar platform, featuring speakers with extensive experience in scientific publication and Sinta ranking. The webinar covered key topics, including high-quality publication strategies, the importance of international collaboration, and the utilization of academic media to enhance research visibility. The results indicate that improving publication quality, expanding collaborative networks, and selecting research topics aligned with global issues are essential steps in increasing SSO. By implementing the right strategies and maintaining consistency in scientific publication, academics can enhance their reputation and expand research collaboration opportunities.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy implemented by the Regional National Crafts Council (DEKRANASDA) in Samosir Regency in developing local craft products and enhancing their competitiveness. This research employs a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings reveal that DEKRANASDA has applied the elements of the marketing mix, including product, price, place, and promotion. However, several significant challenges persist, particularly in terms of limited promotional media and intense market competition. One major obstacle is the insufficient utilization of digital media as a marketing tool, which results in a limited market reach. Furthermore, product innovation needs to be improved to better align with consumer preferences and current market trends. Therefore, this study recommends that DEKRANASDA develop a digital-based marketing strategy, such as utilizing social media, e-commerce platforms, and an official website to enhance promotional reach. Additionally, innovation in design, raw materials, and product variations should be undertaken to attract consumers and compete in a broader market. This research provides important insights into the development of more effective marketing strategies to increase the income and competitiveness of craft products in Samosir Regency.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in financial accounting to improve decision-making effectiveness. This research analyzes the role of AI in supporting data-driven decision making and identifies challenges in its implementation. Using a qualitative approach with the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study reviewed 41 relevant articles from national and international journals. The results showed that 28 studies supported the effectiveness of AI in improving financial decision-making by automating transaction recording, enabling algorithm-based predictive analysis, and detecting financial anomalies. AI enables companies to respond faster to market changes, increase transparency of financial reports, and reduce human errors in accounting processes.However, 13 studies highlighted challenges such as technological complexity, limited transparency in decision-making, algorithmic bias, and organizational readiness. In addition, evolving regulations are an obstacle to ensuring optimal use of AI while minimizing ethical and legal risks. The success of AI in financial decision-making depends on infrastructure readiness, regulatory support, and human resource competencies. Without a well-planned strategy, AI may pose new challenges that hinder its effectiveness. Therefore, this study provides insights into the optimal AI implementation strategy to ensure that this technology improves the accuracy and transparency of decision making while maintaining financial accounting accountability.

Education plays a crucial role in improving human resource quality to achieve national goals. Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau (UMRI), through the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP) Informatics, equips students with academic and pedagogical competencies to produce professional future teachers. The School Field Introduction Program (PLP) at Ma Dar-El Hikmah Pekanbaru serves as an experiential learning platform that enables students to observe school culture, build competencies, and understand the teaching-learning process directly. This study employs observation, interviews, and documentation methods to provide in-depth insights into the teacher’s role in managing the educational environment. The findings of this program are expected to enhance students’ understanding of the education sector and develop their skills as professional and adaptive future educators.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an essential commodity with various benefits in food, health, and industry and has a high economic value. The national sunflower plants' productivity is low, so to fulfill the market demands, creating sunflower varieties with high yields has been challenge for plant breeders. This study analyzed the relationship between yield components and sunflower yield, identifying characteristics affecting productivity. Plant selection was carried out by understanding the relationship between yield components and seed yield using statistical methods: correlation, multiple regression, and path analysis. The research was conducted in Ampeldento Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency, East Java, from March to August 2024, using 13 genotypes of F5 open pollinated generation sunflower. Plant traits observed were plant height, number, leaf length and width of leaves, stem diameter, flowering time, harvesting time, disc flower diameter, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight, and seed yield. The results showed that seven yield component characters closely related to seed yield, with positive and negative correlation patterns. The number of seeds per plant had the highest direct effect, while the highest indirect effect occurred in the number of seeds per plant, which was influenced by plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, flowering time, harvest time, and 100 seed weight. These findings provided important insights for breeding strategies in selecting superior sunflower genotypes.

Social science is a multidisciplinary field that studies human behavior, social structures, and changes in society. It encompasses disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics, each contributing to a deeper understanding of how individuals and societies interact. In the modern era, as the world faces rapid changes in political, economic, and cultural landscapes, social science has become increasingly vital for addressing complex global challenges. The field explores the dynamics of power, inequality, and social conflict, offering insights into ways to mitigate issues such as poverty, injustice, and discrimination. Social science research, using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, helps in analyzing current phenomena and providing evidence-based policy recommendations. These insights are crucial for shaping effective solutions that promote social well-being at local, national, and global levels. As global issues like migration, climate change, and international conflict continue to affect societies, social science provides the tools necessary to understand and navigate these challenges. This paper discusses the scope of social science, its key disciplines, and the importance of its application in real-world problems, highlighting the need for continuous research and adaptation in response to changing societal needs.

In the digital era, the personal branding of lecturers and alumni plays a strategic role in enhancing university brand awareness. A strong academic identity and a positive image presented through digital platforms can strengthen the reputation of higher education institutions. This study aims to analyze how optimizing the personal branding of lecturers and alumni contributes to shaping university brand awareness. The research method used is a literature review by analyzing various scientific sources related to personal branding, brand awareness, and digital marketing strategies in the context of higher education. Data were collected from academic journals, books, and relevant publications discussing the role of digital media in building the image of academic institutions.The findings indicate that consistent and authentic personal branding of lecturers and alumni on digital platforms such as social media, university websites, and professional networks can enhance university exposure and appeal to prospective students and other stakeholders. Active interaction, expertise-based content, and participation in online academic discussions are key factors in building credibility and public trust. The implications of this study provide insights for universities in designing effective digital branding strategies by leveraging the active role of lecturers and alumni. Universities should encourage the strengthening of personal branding through training programs and structured digital communication policies to enhance institutional competitiveness at both national and global levels.

This study aims to analyze the Timor Leste conflict from various conflict theory perspectives. By understanding the motives and dynamics underlying the conflict, it is expected to provide deeper insight into the causes and consequences of the Indonesian invasion and its impact on the Timorese people. This study uses a library method with the intention of collecting and analyzing information from various written sources related to theories of international relations and the dynamics of social conflict, starting with topic identification, literature collection, and ending with analysis and synthesis of information to find patterns and relationships between theories and phenomena studied. The results of the study show that the Timor Leste conflict from the Republic of Indonesia between 1975 and 1999 can be analyzed through various conflict theory perspectives, including Realism, Constructivism, and Marxism Theory. Realism Theory helps explain the Indonesian military invasion as an effort to defend national interests, while Constructivism Theory highlights the role of identity and norms in the struggle for independence of the Timorese people. On the other hand, Marxist Theory reveals that economic injustice and social class differences play an important role in triggering conflict. By understanding these three theories, this research provides deeper insights into the causes and dynamics of conflict, and identifies steps that can be taken to achieve a just and sustainable resolution.

This study examines the impact of international human rights law on national judicial systems through a comparative analysis. The research aims to explore how international human rights norms influence domestic court decisions and the extent to which national judicial systems incorporate these norms into their legal frameworks. Using a qualitative comparative approach, this study analyzes judicial decisions from multiple countries with varying legal traditions. The findings reveal significant differences in the reception and application of international human rights law, influenced by historical, cultural, and political contexts. The study concludes that while some judicial systems demonstrate a strong commitment to integrating international human rights norms, others show resistance due to sovereignty concerns or differing legal philosophies. These findings highlight the complex relationship between international human rights law and national judicial practices, offering insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and human rights advocates to enhance the effectiveness of human rights protections globally.

Power Index is a strategic indicator measuring a nation's military, economic, and geopolitical capabilities, closely tied to national defense and security. This study examines key factors such as currency exchange rates, GDP, education levels, and technology penetration in shaping the Power Index. Economic stability underpins defense development, while advanced education and digital infrastructure drive innovations in military technology and cybersecurity. Developed countries dominate defense capabilities due to robust technological infrastructures, while developing nations show potential through investments in education and technology. Beta distribution regression, with its suitability for bounded variables, was utilized to model the Power Index. The study provides insights into the interplay between economic, educational, and technological factors, supporting strategic policymaking to strengthen national defense in a dynamic global landscape.

The present study targets carrying out an analysis of economic and environmental returns as an effect of the adoption of a circular economy in Italy. Some of the key concepts it focuses on are promotion of private circular investment, export of recyclable material, use of circular material, eco-innovation, material footprint, and contribution of renewable energy to the total energy. The present study is supported by the systematic analysis of international data related to the role of circular economy in increasing economic efficiency and reducing environmental costs. The results highlight that private circular investment is highly relevant for the creation of new opportunities for economic development and supporting new, innovative sectors, such as recycling technologies. The results also underlined that eco-innovation plays a crucial role in improving resource efficiency, material footprint reduction, and renewable energy. The study confirms that the circular economy can be a strategic opportunity for Italy to further contribute to renewable energy and to reduce its imported natural resources dependence in a way that is both sustainable and economically competitive. The present study provides valuable insights for decision-makers and policymakers to promote circular economy strategies at national and international levels.

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have become an important component in the digital transformation of the healthcare system in Indonesia. However, EHR implementation in many health facilities in Indonesia is still fragmentary and not fully integrated. The main challenges in integrating health data into the national health system are issues of interoperability, data security, and inter-institutional coordination. This study aims to identify and analyze the main challenges in integrating health data from various EHR systems into Indonesia's national health system and its impact on the quality of health services, operational efficiency, and data security. The research method used was a descriptive qualitative approach, which combined literature study and in-depth interviews with experts in the field of health information technology and health policy. A literature study was conducted to identify technical, operational, and policy challenges faced in EHR implementation in Indonesia. Expert interviews were used to validate the findings obtained from the literature and provide additional insights into the local context. Thematic analysis techniques were used to organize and interpret the data. The results showed that the lack of common data standards is a major obstacle in the integration of EHR systems in Indonesia.A total of 45% of healthcare facilities adopt HL7 standards, 30% adopt FHIR, and 25% use proprietary systems, leading to the inability to efficiently share data between institutions. In addition, data security issues are also a major concern, with many healthcare facilities yet to implement adequate security protocols. Limited coordination between health institutions also hinders wider integration. Nonetheless, EHR integration has the potential to improve operational efficiency, with up to 25% reduction in administrative time in institutions that have integrated their systems.

The era of society 5.0 is part of the history of technological development. Technology is present in every human activity. The wise use of technology can create extraordinary cognitive abilities. In an effort to realize the golden Indonesia 2045 and feel the demographic bonus 2030, all parties are expected to be able to contribute, especially teachers and parents. In this study, we focus on efforts to increase Indonesian national insight by the Alpha generation through learning using holograms to realize the Golden Indonesia 2045. The Alpha generation, which is believed to live side by side with technology, has several concerns such as decreased cognitive, focus and social abilities. This study uses a literature study to determine the potential of holograms in increasing national insight. The discussion that we present begins with the parenting pattern of the Alpha generation and the urgency of national insight to foster a sense of love for the homeland and strengthen Indonesian national insight in reducing the impact of the flow of Globalization.

This study analyzes the financial performance of state-owned banks (BUMN) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2019–2023 based on profitability ratios (ROA, ROE) and operational efficiency (CIR). The results show that Bank Mandiri and BRI had the best performance, with significant improvements in efficiency and profitability, achieving ROA of 2.76% and 3.08% and ROE of 20.89% and 19.09% in 2023. Meanwhile, Bank BNI experienced fluctuations in its profitability ratios, with ROA increasing to 2.25% in 2023, although slightly lower than the previous year. Nevertheless, Bank BNI showed relatively stable operational efficiency, with CIR ranging between 50% and 60%. Bank BTN, while having the lowest performance, showed significant improvement throughout the study period. This study provides important insights for investors and policymakers in understanding the dynamics of the national banking sector.