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This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the demonstration method in improving the understanding of the concept of force in grade 1 elementary school students. The approach used is a literature study by reviewing various current scientific sources from 2021 to 2025. The results of the study show that the demonstration method is able to transform abstract concepts into concrete experiences that are easy for students to understand. Through demonstrations, students can see firsthand the application of force in everyday life, making it easier to understand. This method also increases students' active involvement, trains observation skills, and supports visual and kinesthetic learning styles. In its implementation, the success of the demonstration method is largely determined by the readiness of the teacher, the use of simple language, a variety of teaching aids, and repetition of activities to strengthen memory. Common obstacles faced include limited tools, time, and teacher skills in designing effective demonstrations. Therefore, school support and collaboration between teachers are key to optimizing the implementation of this method. In conclusion, the demonstration method is an effective learning strategy to improve the understanding of the concept of force, because it is in accordance with the cognitive development stage of early elementary school students who are in the concrete operational phase.   Keywords: demonstration method, concept of force, elementary school students, science learning, concrete activities  

Generation Alpha refers to children born after 2010, who are growing up in a rapidly evolving digital ecosystem. In the Indonesian context, the emergence of depressive disorders among this generation poses a critical mental health challenge that has not been thoroughly addressed. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Generation Alpha, identify the major risk factors, and evaluate current and potential preventive strategies through a narrative literature review approach. Data were collected from national and international journals using platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Garuda, with inclusion criteria covering articles published between 2019 and 2024 and relevant to children’s mental health. Findings reveal a significant increase in depressive symptoms among children aged 5 to 13 years. Key risk factors include non-democratic parenting styles, academic stress, bullying in school environments, and excessive use of digital gadgets. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic and remote learning have exacerbated children’s mental health, particularly among those from low-income families or with limited access to psychological support. On the other hand, preventive strategies involving holistic approaches such as school-based mental health education, play therapy, digital mental health interventions, and Islamic spirituality-based approaches have demonstrated considerable potential in mitigating depressive symptoms. This review highlights the urgency of implementing multi-level and context-sensitive prevention strategies through collaboration between schools, families, and community-based institutions.

Student learning engagement plays a crucial role in character development, especially at the elementary school level. To foster a positive learning environment and encourage active participation, active learning approaches based on games are considered effective. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the active learning model using word-building games and the learning engagement of third-grade students at SDN 3 Jepang, Kudus Regency. The research was motivated by the low level of student participation, which is still dominated by conventional teaching methods. A correlational quantitative approach was used, with a population consisting of all 20 third-grade students, who were also taken as the sample through total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire to measure learning engagement and observation of the implementation of the word-building game model. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used for normality testing, and since one of the variables was not normally distributed, the data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. The results showed a correlation coefficient of r = -0.097 with a significance value of 0.686 (> 0.05), indicating no significant relationship between the word-building game model and student engagement. Other factors such as individual learning styles or classroom atmosphere may influence student engagement. Nonetheless, this model still holds potential and should be further developed to align with elementary students' characteristics.

This study aims to analyze the impact of recruiting Vocational High School (SMK) Mechanical Engineering graduates on the quality of education at the Naval Academy (AAL) Technical Corps. Using a mixed methods approach with quasi-experimental design, the research involved 160 Naval Academy cadets consisting of 80 cadets with SMK Mechanical Engineering background and 80 cadets with Senior High School Science background as control. Data were collected over 4 semesters through academic achievement instruments, technical competency tests, academic adaptation scales, and in-depth interviews. Results showed that although SMK cadets experienced initial academic adaptation challenges with lower GPA in the first semester (3.12 vs 3.28), this gap narrowed over time and even showed positive trends in the final semester (3.41 vs 3.38). SMK cadets demonstrated significant superiority in technical subjects such as Ship Propulsion Systems (85.2 vs 78.9) and Auxiliary Machinery (83.7 vs 76.4), particularly in practical components. In terms of social adaptation, the SMK group consistently showed higher scores throughout the research period. Learning style analysis revealed dominance of kinesthetic (47%) and visual (31%) preferences in the SMK group, different from the SHS group which preferred read/write (38%) and auditory (29%). These findings indicate that recruiting SMK Mechanical Engineering graduates has a positive impact on the quality of AAL education, particularly in applied technical competencies and social adaptation abilities. Educational background diversity can become a strategic strength if managed through appropriate bridging programs and diversification of learning methods that accommodate the diversity of cadet learning styles.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of transformational leadership models by school principals and their influence on improving teacher performance in secondary schools. The research adopts a mixed-method approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative data to provide a comprehensive understanding. The study was conducted in 15 secondary schools, involving a total of 245 respondents consisting of school principals and teachers. Data collection techniques included the use of questionnaires to gather quantitative data, alongside in-depth interviews and direct observations for qualitative insights. The results reveal that transformational leadership—particularly through its core components of intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, and idealized influence—has a significant positive impact on teacher performance. These leadership behaviors were found to enhance teaching quality, increase teacher professional commitment, and improve overall job satisfaction among educators. Additionally, the study highlights the role of school culture and the professional learning environment as mediating factors in the effectiveness of transformational leadership. The findings underscore the importance of implementing structured leadership development programs for school principals. By equipping school leaders with transformational leadership skills, educational institutions can foster more supportive and dynamic teaching environments that ultimately lead to better learning outcomes. These insights are particularly relevant for policymakers and educational administrators who are seeking sustainable strategies to improve school performance through leadership practices. In conclusion, transformational leadership stands out as a vital leadership style that not only motivates and empowers teachers but also contributes significantly to the institutional development of schools.

This study aims to analyze the skills of understanding Arabic letters and reports at Madrasah Nurul Istifadah and identify factors that influence students' understanding, the learning methods used, and the effectiveness of the strategies applied. Understanding skills in this context include the ability to recognize text structure, analyze content, and interpret formal language styles. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that group discussion strategies and repeated reading with gradual understanding proved effective in improving students' understanding of Arabic letters and reports. This strategy not only improves students' linguistic abilities, but also encourages cooperation, self-confidence, and critical thinking skills. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more contextual and effective Arabic language learning methods, especially in understanding formal texts.

This study aims to analyze the skills of understanding Arabic letters and reports at Madrasah Nurul Istifadah and identify factors that influence students' understanding, the learning methods used, and the effectiveness of the strategies applied. Understanding skills in this context include the ability to recognize text structure, analyze content, and interpret formal language styles. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that group discussion strategies and repeated reading with gradual understanding proved effective in improving students' understanding of Arabic letters and reports. This strategy not only improves students' linguistic abilities, but also encourages cooperation, self-confidence, and critical thinking skills. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more contextual and effective Arabic language learning methods, especially in understanding formal texts.

This study aimed to disclose the influence of learning style on student learning outcomes in integrated social studies subjects at SMP N 8 Kota Gorontalo. This quantitative research involved 64 samples, which were given questionnaires as instruments. The data in this study were analyzed using simple linear regression. Based on the analysis, there was a significant influence between the learning style and learning outcomes of grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 8 Kota Gorontalo. The influence of learning style on learning outcomes was 73.2%, and unexamined variables influenced 26.8%.  

This study aims to determine students' understanding of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) material and its implications for the ease of practicing religious values among students at SMP Negeri 3 Limboto Barat. The approach used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that students' understanding of IRE material is quite good, particularly in aspects of worship they experience in their daily lives, such as prayer and fasting. IRC teachers play a central role in the learning process by applying interactive methods, hands-on practice, and setting a good example. The implications of this understanding are evident in students' practice of religious values, such as increased awareness of performing Dhuha prayer and congregational prayer voluntarily, as well as their active participation in religious activities at school. Supporting factors in PAI learning include the role of teachers as role models, adequate school facilities, and parental involvement. The inhibiting factors are time constraints, differences in students' learning styles, and a lack of support from the environment outside of school. However, teachers are able to overcome these obstacles with creative and adaptive learning strategies.

Early childhood development is a crucial phase in human life, marked by rapid changes in physical, cognitive, social, and emotional domains. This study aims to explore in depth the growth process and unique characteristics of early childhood using a qualitative approach through literature review methods. The findings reveal that young children possess high curiosity, vivid imagination, and strong dependence on adults in learning and social behavior formation. Physical development progresses rapidly, while cognitive and socio-emotional development are significantly influenced by environmental stimulation, parenting style, and social interaction. Understanding these characteristics and developmental needs allows educators and parents to implement more effective approaches in supporting children's growth. This study emphasizes the importance of creating a safe, supportive, and responsive environment as a foundation for future educational success and character building.

This research focuses on the implementation of conventional and digital learning media in Christian Religious Education and Character Education at SMP Negeri 8 Palangkaraya. The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of these media in enhancing student understanding and engagement. A quantitative experimental design was employed, involving 106 seventh-grade students divided into groups using different media: educational snake and ladder games for conventional media and interactive PowerPoint presentations for digital media. Data were collected through observations and Likert-scale questionnaires. The findings indicate that both media effectively foster a lively learning atmosphere, with students showing high enthusiasm and participation. The conventional media was particularly beneficial for active learners, while digital media catered to visual learners. The implications suggest that varied media use can enhance teaching quality and accommodate diverse learning styles, making learning more engaging and meaningful.

In the learning process, teachers have not employed a variety of instructional models that align with the diverse learning styles of the students, resulting in a diminished interest in learning among the participants. Accordingly, it is anticipated that this study will enable teachers to engage students more effectively in the learning process, thereby cultivating a greater interest in learning. The objective of this research is to enhance the learning outcomes of students on the subject of Plant Growth and Development by implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model at SMA Kristen Tumou Tou Girian Bitung. This study is a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques include questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis. The research design employed is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects of the study are 20 students from class XIA who experienced the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model. Data were gathered using both tests and observations. Classically, the students’ learning outcomes improved from 70% in cycle I to 100% in cycle II. Consequently, it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning method has enhanced the learning outcomes of the students in class XIA of the specialized program at SMA Kristen Tumou Tou Girian Bitung.  

This study examines efforts to improve fourth-grade students' disciplinary character through the implementation of principal's democratic leadership style and teacher personality competence at SDK Riangwulu, East Flores. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research was conducted over two weeks involving the principal, fourth-grade homeroom teacher, and fourth-grade students as research subjects. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies, then analyzed using an interactive analysis model. The results show that students' disciplinary character is in a good category across four indicators: compliance with school rules, compliance with learning activities, compliance in completing assignments, and neatness in wearing uniforms. The principal's democratic leadership style is implemented through consensus-based policies, high tolerance, creating a family atmosphere, and good communication. Teacher personality competence is reflected in the ability to be a role model, build positive relationships with students, and create authority through personality consistency. The main finding shows a positive synergy between the principal's democratic leadership and teacher personality competence that creates a conducive environment for forming students' disciplinary character. This research contributes theoretically to understanding systemic approaches in character education and provides practical implications for developing character formation strategies at the elementary education level.

This study aims to analyze the teacher's style in the SKI learning process at MTs Al-Jam'iyatul Washliyah Tembung and its impact on learning effectiveness. The main focus of this study is to understand how the teaching style used by teachers affects students' participation and understanding in SKI lessons.This study uses a qualitative research method using observation methods, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. The subjects of the study consisted of SKI teachers at MTs Al-Jam’iyatul Washliyah Tembung and students who participated in the SKI learning process. The results of this study indicate that the teaching styles of SKI teachers can be categorized into three main approaches, namely instructional, motivational, and adaptive. The instructional approach emphasizes providing clear techniques and strategies to ensure that students understand the material well. The motivational approach aims to encourage students' enthusiasm for learning, increase their involvement during learning, and inspire self-confidence. Meanwhile, the adaptive approach is used to adjust teaching methods to the needs and characteristics of each individual.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the family environment on student learning achievement in elementary school. The family environment is an external factor that plays an important role in shaping children's character, motivation, and learning habits. This study uses a literature study method with a descriptive qualitative approach, which examines various academic literature related to the topic. The results of the study show that family harmony, parental attention and assistance, socioeconomic conditions, and parenting style have a real contribution to students' academic achievement. Families who are able to provide a positive and supportive learning environment emotionally and structurally can increase children's mental readiness and motivation in facing the learning process. These findings are also reinforced by developmental ecological theories that place the family as the closest microsystem that most early influences a child's development. Therefore, the active involvement of families in children's education needs to be strengthened as part of efforts to improve the quality of basic education.  

Students are individuals who are in the process of learning and developing themselves through formal and non-formal education. There are still teachers who do not pay attention to the initial conditions of students before learning begins, so that it has an impact on the learning outcomes obtained. This article aims to explain the application of flipped learning model assisted by interactive PowerPoint media in improving learning effectiveness in class IV SDN Sungai Miai 5. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Interviews were conducted with four informants, namely homeroom teachers and three students. Observations were conducted in a participatory manner, while documentation included classroom learning activities and teacher teaching styles. The data obtained were analyzed in depth. The results showed that grade IV students expect fun, interesting, and active learning. The flipped learning model assisted by interactive PowerPoint is proven to help create a more effective learning atmosphere. Future research is suggested to examine the application of this model in other grade levels or subjects to broaden the understanding of its effectiveness in various learning contexts.    

Children are the next generation and the hope for the nation's future. However, not all children have the opportunity to grow up in a complete and supportive family environment. The Menara Kasih Indonesia Orphanage Foundation serves as a social solution for children who have lost their parents or are in a state of neglect. This research aims to examine how the background, social services, and caregiving patterns are implemented in this orphanage. The methods used were literature study, descriptive qualitative with observation, and direct interviews with the orphanage administrators and one of the children from the orphanage. The research results show that this orphanage applies a warm and supportive familial parenting style, where the staff actively play the role not only as parental substitutes but also as companions in the children's learning process. The caretakers help the children with their schoolwork and provide emotional support. However, in terms of funding and facilities, the Menara Kasih Indonesia Orphanage Foundation still has limitations.

This study describes the implementation of the differentiation method in the Independent Curriculum to accommodate differences in the abilities of grade XI students at SMAN 1 Percut Sei Tuan. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that teachers implement product differentiation by giving students the freedom to express their understanding according to their interests, learning styles, and readiness through the Discovery Learning model. Assessment is carried out using a flexible rubric that emphasizes core competencies. This method has proven effective in creating inclusive, meaningful learning that can optimize student potential.

This study aims to examine the extent to which students' abilities are in understanding mathematical concepts in depth, connecting them, and applying them in various life contexts. Improving mathematical understanding is considered to have a significant influence on the world of education. This is reflected in three main aspects: improving learning outcomes, strengthening critical thinking skills, and readiness to face global challenges in the 21st century. Students' learning styles are one of the important factors that influence mathematical understanding. Learning styles can be divided into three, namely visual (relying on sight), auditory (through hearing), and kinesthetic (through physical activity). Each individual generally has all three styles, but one of them will be more dominant. Students' ability to recognize and adjust their learning styles with appropriate learning strategies contributes to their success in understanding the material. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational survey technique. The research sample consisted of 30 grade XI students of SMK Ristek Jaya Jakarta. Data analysis was carried out through several stages, including the validity and reliability of learning style instruments and descriptive and inferential statistical tests such as regression and normality. The results of the analysis showed that the scientific approach had a significant influence on students' mathematical understanding, with a determination coefficient of 70.39%. This means that this approach contributes greatly to improving mathematical understanding based on students' learning styles. This study suggests further studies to deepen understanding of this phenomenon and make it a reference in learning practices.

The problem-based learning (PBL) model is an approach that directs students to learn and work together to solve problems in the real world. Referring to the results of observations that researchers conducted at SMPN 2 nganjuk, still using a conventional learning model. This can be seen from the knowledge and skills of students who have not met the minimum standards set by the school. So that researchers provide solutions in the form of applying PBL-based learning models in the subject matter of long jump hanging style. This study aims to develop and test the feasibility of PBL-based long jump hanging style learning model products. This type of study is Research and Development (R&D) whose stages include conducting needs analysis, identifying learning models, developing learning models, evaluation, small group tests and large group tests. This research data collection uses instruments in the form of observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of the percentage calculation by 2 learning experts amounted to 97.08% and the average of the material experts was 95.00%. Furthermore, for the small group trial, 3 PJOK teachers got an average score of 92.16% and the value of 12 VIII grade students averaged 94.44%. As for the large group test on 4 PJOK teachers obtained an average of 93.75% and the value of 34 VIII grade students averaged 96.74%. So it is concluded that the product development of a PBL-based learning model for long jump hanging style material for class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Nganjuk is declared very feasible to use.