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This study aims to describe the implementation and outcomes of training on making herbal elixir beverages from nine spice butterfly pea ingredients for exercise mothers as an effort to improve knowledge and skills in processing healthy drinks. The activity was motivated by the limited use of herbal beverages after exercise and the low level of public understanding regarding the benefits of butterfly pea flowers and traditional spices as natural stamina enhancers. The study applied a descriptive qualitative approach through observation and documentation conducted from November 22 to December 5, 2025. A total of 25 exercise mothers participated in the training, which consisted of demonstrations and direct practice in preparing elixirs using dried butterfly pea flowers combined with ginger, turmeric, galangal, lemongrass, cinnamon, cloves, betel leaves, and brown sugar. The results show that participants were able to follow all training stages properly and demonstrated increased understanding of herbal benefits, ingredient functions, dosage accuracy, and processing procedures. Achievement indicators reveal that 92 percent of participants were able to independently prepare the elixir according to the demonstrated steps, 84 percent were able to explain the function of each ingredient correctly, and all groups successfully produced elixir products with color, aroma, and taste that met the expected standards. Participants also responded positively and expressed interest in reapplying the recipes at home and developing flavor variations for personal consumption or small scale business opportunities effectively.

The development of digital technology has changed the communication and social interaction patterns of students, especially female students. Social media not only functions as a means of self-expression, but also has the potential to increase social pressure due to exposure to beauty standards and social validation. This study aims to analyze the influence of personality and social media usage on the level of social pressure among female culinary arts students at Medan State University. The approach used was quantitative with a survey method of 170 respondents, and the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that personality (β = 0.314, p < 0.001) and social media usage (β = 0.630, p < 0.001) significantly influenced social pressure. Social media factors were more dominant predictors than personality. These findings emphasize the importance of strengthening digital literacy and increasing self-confidence to minimize social pressure among female students in the technological era.

This study aims to analyze the role of social media in driving innovation in flavor, shape/appearance, and modern perception of Indonesian traditional snacks in the digital era through a literature review from 2020–2025. Social media functions not only as a promotional tool but also as a creative and collaborative space that influences how traditional snacks are created, modified, and perceived. The findings indicate that social media accelerates the spread of new flavor trends and encourages the exploration of modern tastes without abandoning cultural identity. In addition, visual aesthetics on social media inspire innovation in the shape and presentation of snacks to make them more appealing and easily viral. Social media also shapes modern perceptions through cultural storytelling that rebrands traditional snacks as contemporary, relevant, and culturally valuable. However, challenges arise from the limited digital and branding skills among MSME actors. Overall, social media serves as a catalyst for the synergy of flavor, visual, and cultural innovation, bridging tradition and modernity in the development of local culinary products.

Endek Bali weaving is a distinctive cultural heritage of Bali that has been increasingly applied to various product design elements, including interior accents and fashion media. While the use of Endek fabric has been applied to various bag accents, the integration of traditional fabrics in chef knife bags is still rare, resulting in monotonous designs. This study aims to design a chef knife bag incorporating the Endek Bali motif as part of a multifunctional product design. The chef knife bag not only functions as a bag for carrying kitchen knives but also as a stand or mat for knives during cooking events. This design uses synthetic leather, which closely resembles real leather but is more affordable and environmentally friendly. By incorporating the Endek Bali motif into this design, it is hoped that it will introduce Balinese culture to the global stage, particularly in the culinary and creative industries. Furthermore, this design offers a practical solution for culinary professionals who need easy-to-carry and functional tools for attending cooking events or competitions. Through this design, it is expected to enhance aesthetic value while supporting the preservation of Indonesian culture.

This study aims to analyze the use of interior photography as a means to preserve and visually document the FMM Convent Chapel Regina Pacis in Bogor. The chapel is a historic site with significant artistic, spiritual, and architectural value, and has been officially recognized by the central government as a cultural heritage building. The importance of this research arises from the fact that the chapel is not included in the official publication of cultural heritage buildings in Bogor City that has been identified. Its absence from this publication indicates a lack of visual documentation and historical information necessary to support conservation efforts. Insufficient documentation increases the likelihood of losing architectural value should changes or damage occur in the future. To address this issue, the study seeks to produce interior photographic documentation that accurately and clearly represents the architectural identity of the chapel. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, consisting of interviews with the chapel’s management, direct on-site observations, and the development of an interior photography concept that considers spatial structure, perspective, and lighting. In this context, interior photography functions not only as an aesthetic medium but also as a preservation tool capable of storing long-term information.The resulting visual documentation is expected to serve as a valuable reference for managers, researchers, and local government authorities, while also encouraging the inclusion of the Regina Pacis Chapel in the official publication of cultural heritage buildings in Bogor City. In this way, the study contributes to strengthening cultural archives and supporting the preservation of historical architecture.

This study aims to answer two questions. First, why were there only single candidates in 37 regions in the 2024 simultaneous regional elections? Second, what are the risks of single candidates to democracy and the performance of political parties? The methods used are normative juridical methods with a legislative and conceptual approach. The research focuses on the phenomenon of single candidates in regional elections and its impact on democracy and the performance of political parties in Indonesia. The results of this study show that the phenomenon of single candidates in regional elections indicates weak local democracy and poor performance of political parties in carrying out their functions of regeneration and leadership recruitment. Elite domination, high political costs, and the strong influence of oligarchs make the nomination process non-competitive and reduce the space for alternative candidates. As a result, regional elections are only procedural without substance, widening the democratic deficit and opening space for local bossism and unhealthy power consolidation. If this condition continues, local democracy will move further away from the principles of openness, accountability, and fair competition.

This study aims to analyze the role of teachers in strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile (P5) as an effort to develop the character of third-grade students at SDN Kestalan. Strengthening P5 is an essential component of the Merdeka Curriculum because it functions to shape students’ character holistically through six main dimensions. However, the implementation of P5 in elementary schools still faces several challenges, such as uneven teacher understanding, less structured planning, and diverse student characteristics. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques to obtain in-depth data on teacher practices, integration strategies, obstacles, and the impact of P5 implementation. The results show that teachers have an adequate understanding of the P5 concept and strive to integrate it through interactive lectures, question-and-answer sessions, simple experiments, the habituation of the 5S culture, and creative projects that actively involve students. The obstacles encountered are generally related to discipline issues, emotional immaturity, limited facilities, and suboptimal parental involvement. However, these challenges can be reduced through personal approaches, positive motivation, support from school facilities, and collaboration with parents. The implementation of P5 has been proven to have a positive impact on students’ character development, especially in the aspects of politeness, cooperation, responsibility, and self-confidence. Therefore, the strategic role of teachers and the support of a conducive learning environment are key factors in the success of character strengthening through P5.         

The meaning of gratitude according to the perspective of the Qur'an and its relationship to modern human life which is influenced by technological advances, materialistic lifestyles, and social pressures. In the view of the Qur'an, gratitude is not merely expressed through words, but involves the awareness of the heart, verbal words, and real actions as a form of recognition of the blessings given by Allah SWT. Gratitude also functions as a reflection of faith that combines spiritual, moral, and social elements. In the context of modern life, the meaning of gratitude has shifted due to consumptive lifestyles and the culture of seeking recognition on social media, which has an impact on decreasing feelings of satisfaction and inner peace. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method through a review of the verses of the Qur'an, tafsir books, and various relevant academic literature. The results of the study show that the teachings of gratitude in the Qur'an play an important role in maintaining spiritual, emotional, and spiritual balance in the midst of modern life. The application of an attitude of gratitude has been proven to improve mental health, strengthen social relationships, and reduce materialistic tendencies. Furthermore, the value of gratitude can serve as a moral guideline for Generation Alpha, enabling them to balance technological advancement with spiritual life. Overall, the teachings of gratitude in the Quran remain universally relevant, not only as a religious obligation but also as a spiritual and social necessity that can bring happiness, serenity, and meaning to life amidst the dynamics of the digital age.

This study examines the interrelationship between the implementation of administrative ethics in civil service, the professionalism of State Civil Apparatus (ASN), and the quality of public service delivery at the Provincial Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of Central Kalimantan, employing a qualitative case study approach. Through in-depth interviews, structured observations, and document analysis, the research finds that integrity, transparency, and ethical accountability function not merely as moral norms but as structural foundations that reinforce ASN professionalism in performing service functions, particularly within licensing processes that demand administrative certainty and responsiveness. Empirical findings indicate that professionalism—reflected in technical competence, procedural discipline, and ethical commitment—acts as a catalyst linking ethical values to effective and adaptive public service performance. Nevertheless, the study also identifies structural and cultural impediments, including regulatory inconsistencies, fragmented coordination, and limited training opportunities, all of which hinder the internalization of ethical principles and professional practice within the bureaucracy. Theoretically, the study posits that harmonizing administrative ethics and professionalism is a prerequisite for achieving key indicators of good governance, such as responsiveness, service effectiveness, and institutional accountability. Practically, the study recommends strengthening ethics training, enhancing ASN professional capacity, and advancing managerial reforms grounded in modern governance as strategic efforts to sustainably improve public service quality.

Research on business negotiation is becoming increasingly relevant amid the dynamics of globalization, digitalization, and intense competition that require organizations to have adaptive communication and collaboration strategies. Negotiation no longer serves only as a means of reaching agreement, but also as a strategic mechanism for creating added value, building long-term relationships, and mitigating business risks. This study aims to systematically examine the definitions, principles, functions, and objectives of negotiation based on international and national academic literature from 2015 to 2025. The research approach uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify conceptual patterns, research trends, and developments in negotiation theory. The results of the study show that modern negotiation emphasizes the creation of shared value through an integrative approach, strengthening communication, and utilizing digital technology in the decision-making process. In addition, differences in orientation were found between Western negotiation, which is more transactional, and the Indonesian context, which emphasizes relationship harmony and sustainable collaboration. This study provides a theoretical contribution in the form of a comprehensive mapping of the development of the concept of negotiation, as well as practical contributions for business actors in designing effective, adaptive negotiation strategies that are relevant to contemporary business needs.

TJSL/CSR in Indonesia is regulated as a legal obligation (mandatory) for companies engaged in the natural resources sector. Its success depends on the principle of accountability, which requires transparency and responsibility. This normative-juridical study evaluates the application of accountability principles in the mining sector. Normatively, PP 47/2012 requires CSR to be listed as an expense and focused on sustainable development (PPM). However, this regulation is not robust because it does not set a minimum fund allocation or clear program boundaries, allowing for multiple interpretations. Empirically (Sekotong case study), accountability is implemented in a formalistic manner, consisting only of one-way administrative reports without meaningful participation from the affected communities. A significant weakness is apparent when dealing with the increase in illegal gold mining (PETI) in legal concession areas. This situation results in a vacuum of responsibility. Companies can claim environmental damage caused by PETI, so that responsibility does not successfully ensnare corporate negligence in prevention efforts. The CSR accountability structure in Indonesia is weak because it only emphasizes activities that are carried out, not negligence that is overlooked. Regulatory reform is needed so that accountability includes passive responsibility to ensure that TJSL functions as a significant instrument of sustainable development.

The rapid development of digital technology has increased the demand for students to demonstrate their competencies through professional digital portfolios, particularly in Information Systems programs where analytical, design, and visual communication skills are essential. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using Canva as a digital portfolio development tool in the Portfolio Development course at ITB STIKOM Bali. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach, using a four-point Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to 30 students enrolled in the course. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to measure students’ perceptions regarding ease of use, learning effectiveness, visual creativity, digital literacy, and learning motivation. The findings indicate that Canva is perceived as very easy to use due to its intuitive interface and accessible design features. Canva is also considered effective in helping students present system analysis results and project documentation in a more structured and visually appealing manner. Moreover, the use of Canva enhances students’ visual creativity and digital literacy skills while increasing their motivation and confidence in completing portfolio assignments. These results suggest that Canva functions not only as a design tool but also as an educational medium that supports the academic and professional competencies required in the digital era. Therefore, integrating Canva into project-based and visually oriented courses is strongly recommended to improve the quality of student learning outcomes.

The utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the workplace has expanded rapidly, focusing not only on improving efficiency but also on strengthening human resource capacity. This review article aims to analyze the contribution of AI in supporting the development of soft skills and the formation of adaptive professional personalities. The method employed is a literature review of academic publications related to the use of AI in developing nontechnical competencies. The findings indicate that AI has been proven to enhance efficiency and productivity through the automation of routine tasks, faster data analysis, and more precise decision-making support. However, the success of AI implementation does not lie in replacing human roles but rather in harmonizing the functions of machine intelligence with the unique abilities of humans, such as empathy, intuition, creativity, and ethical reasoning. Human–AI collaboration emerges as a key approach to ensuring that technology remains human-centered, enabling digital transformation to proceed ethically, inclusively, and sustainably. Additional findings show that AI is capable of providing personalized learning, real-time feedback, and contextual simulations that effectively train communication, collaboration, problem-solving, creativity, and critical thinking skills. Human-centered AI integration also supports the development of professional personalities that are adaptive and responsive to change.

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence, particularly ChatGPT, has significantly influenced educational practices, including the teaching and learning of Islamic education. ChatGPT offers considerable opportunities by providing diverse instructional materials, expediting the preparation of teaching documents, and supporting personalized learning based on students’ abilities and learning preferences. Additionally, it functions as a supplementary learning resource capable of facilitating religious discussions, explaining abstract concepts, and fostering critical thinking skills through fast and adaptive feedback. Nevertheless, the use of ChatGPT in Islamic education also presents noteworthy challenges. The risks of misinformation and hallucination may affect students’ understanding, especially in religious matters that require high accuracy and reliable references. Other challenges include academic integrity concerns, excessive reliance on technology, content bias, and the model’s limited ability to interpret Islamic socio-religious contexts in Indonesia. Furthermore, disparities in digital literacy among teachers and students hinder optimal implementation. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of these impacts and challenges by examining recent literature and empirical studies. The findings indicate that ChatGPT can offer substantial benefits for Islamic education learning when integrated critically and responsibly, supported by enhanced teacher competencies, clear institutional AI policies, and strong emphasis on ethics and source verification. Thus, ChatGPT holds the potential to serve as a strategic innovation for improving the quality of Islamic Religious Education in the digital era.

Rapid infrastructure development in Indonesia poses significant environmental risks, necessitating effective control instruments like the Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL). This study analyzes the strategic role of AMDAL in supporting the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly regarding water security, sustainable cities, climate action, and ecosystem conservation. Using a qualitative method with a literature review approach, this research evaluates regulations and academic sources from 2020 to 2025. The findings reveal that AMDAL serves as a critical preventive tool that aligns industrial activities with SDG 6, SDG 11, SDG 13, SDG 14, and SDG 15 through the internalization of ecological costs and strict mitigation hierarchies. Furthermore, AMDAL functions as an essential baseline data source for government monitoring. However, the study identifies substantial barriers to implementation, including a deficit in meaningful public participation, weak law enforcement that renders AMDAL a mere administrative formality, and regulatory dynamics post-Job Creation Law (UUCK) which shifted to a risk-based approach. The study concludes that while AMDAL is theoretically robust as a safeguard for sustainability, its practical implementation requires strengthening in transparency and supervision to effectively bridge economic interests with ecological preservation.

This research is based on the awareness that music functions both as an artistic expression and as a cosmological representation embedded within the cultural structures of traditional societies. The Siwaluh Jabu traditional house in Lingga Village, North Sumatra, was selected as the object of study to examine the relationship between music and the cosmological views of the Karo people. The purpose of this study is to reveal the meaning of music within cultural practices and rituals carried out in the Siwaluh Jabu House, as well as to explore musical elements that reflect the continuity between humans, ancestors, and the universe. This research employs a qualitative approach, with data collected through literature review, participatory observation, and interviews with traditional leaders and local artists. The data analysis was conducted through data reduction, classification, data presentation, and drawing of conclusion. The results of the study show that music both the vocal mantra “ole…ah…ole” and the Gendang Lima Sendalanen ensemble contains symbolic values that interpret wood as a natural element, sustain social connections between groups, and reinforce the social system embedded in the spatial organization of the Siwaluh Jabu traditional house. Music serves as a medium of spiritual and cultural communication that unites the physical and metaphysical dimensions of life. The implications of this research enrich the perspective of music culture and emphasize the importance of preserving traditional music as a local knowledge system integrated with the cosmology of the Karo people.

This study aims to identify the types of ornaments on the Avalokitesvara Pagoda Watugong Semarang, explain their symbolic meaning in the context of Buddhist teachings, and analyze how the ornaments reflect Buddhist architectural philosophy and spiritual values. The results of the study show that this pagoda is decorated with a variety of ornaments, such as reliefs of dragons, hong birds, humans, animals, Chinese writing, amulets of the eight gods, and pineapple ornaments. Each ornament has a deep symbolic meaning, reflecting values such as love, wisdom, and balance in life. The dragon relief symbolizes power and spirituality, the hong bird represents luck and peace, while the Chinese writing and the amulet of the eight gods symbolize blessings and good fortune in life. The ornaments also reflect the Buddhist architectural philosophy that emphasizes harmony between humans, nature, and spirituality, with the towering building design as a symbol of aspiration towards spiritual perfection. Apart from being a place of worship, this pagoda also functions as an interfaith meditative space, affirming the values of tolerance and harmony. This study concludes that the ornaments on the Avalokitesvara Watugong Pagoda are not only decorative elements, but also full of philosophical and spiritual meanings that enrich cultural values and strengthen tolerance. It is recommended to improve the preservation of ornaments, the development of education, and further research to explore the deep meaning of the existing reliefs.

State speeches in international forums are a strategic arena for the practice of diplomacy and leadership image management. This study analyzes President Prabowo Subianto's rhetorical style in his speech at the 80th UN General Assembly on September 23, 2025. Using Aristotelian theory, namely ethos, pathos, and logos, to understand how rhetoric functions in strengthening political legitimacy, humanitarian solidarity, and international policy arguments. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study examines transcripts of official speeches and identifies quotations that represent each persuasive mode. The analysis shows that Prabowo builds ethos through historical references, concrete actions of Indonesia such as the contribution of peacekeeping troops, and pathos is depicted through narratives of suffering, calls for solidarity, and an emphasis on the future of the younger generation; while logos is demonstrated through the presentation of data, policy plans such as the net-zero target, technical solutions such as sea walls, and systematic cause-and-effect arguments. This combination of ethos, pathos, and logos confirms that the speech was not simply a policy statement but also a rhetorical diplomatic tool that strengthened Indonesia's image as a constructive global actor. These findings contribute to the study of leadership communication and diplomatic rhetoric, particularly in the context of developing countries seeking to enhance the role of multilateralism and soft power.

This community service activity was carried out in Kuala Indah Village with the aim of improving the skills and economic independence of the community through creative entrepreneurship training in the form of making liquid dish soap. This program was motivated by the socio-economic conditions of the village community, the majority of whom work In the informal sector with uncertain incomes, so that alternative businesses that are easy to do and have economic value are needed. The implementation method of the activity consisted of three stages: socialization, provision of materials, and direct practice of soap making. The results of the activity showed that the community was very enthusiastic in participating in the training and was able to practice the soap making process independently, from mixing the ingredients to packaging the final product. Through this activity, the community gained new knowledge about the ingredients, functions, and benefits of dish soap, as well as opportunities for developing it as a household business. This training successfully improved the skills, motivation, and entrepreneurial spirit of the Kuala Indah Village community, while also opening up opportunities for the formation of independent small businesses that have the potential to improve the family economy

Hypotension following spinal anesthesia is a frequent perioperative complication, particularly among pregnant patients, with an incidence ranging from 60% to 80%. This condition may compromise uteroplacental perfusion and pose serious risks to both mother and fetus. Leg elevation represents a simple, safe, inexpensive, and effective non-pharmacological intervention that functions through gravitational autotransfusion, enhancing venous return and improving cardiac output. This scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and the PRISMA-ScR framework, guided by the PICO approach. The population included adult patients undergoing spinal anesthesia, with the intervention consisting of elevating the legs at an angle of 20–30° or approximately 30 cm for 10–15 minutes, compared with the standard supine position. Literature searches were performed through PubMed  and Google Scholar, focusing on primary studies published within the last five years. Of the 130 articles identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed descriptively. The findings demonstrate that leg elevation significantly increases systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as mean arterial pressure (MAP), while reducing the incidence of post-spinal hypotension. The technique also decreases vasopressor requirements without notable adverse effects, particularly in obstetric populations. Based on the available evidence, leg elevation is recommended as an effective and feasible initial non-pharmacological strategy for preventing hypotension after spinal anesthesia, especially in resource-limited clinical settings, with an optimal elevation of 20–30° for 10–15 minutes.