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Stuxnet is one of the first politically motivated cyberattacks in history. This attack targeted Iran's nuclear facility in Natanz, causing significant setbacks in the country's nuclear program. Iran accused the West, particularly NATO, of orchestrating the attack. Many believe that the United States and Israel were behind it. This paper aims to analyze how Stuxnet impacted Iran and the international community, as well as how cyber warfare has emerged as a new domain of conflict. The method used in this paper is qualitative descriptive through library research. The data used in this study are sourced from books, journals, news articles, and credible, relevant websites. The findings indicate that Stuxnet had a severe impact on Iran and the geopolitical situation at the time. It also highlighted the vulnerabilities of the digital world and their real-world consequences. Furthermore, Stuxnet demonstrated how cyber warfare has emerged as a new domain in modern conflict.

Terminals serve as transportation nodes that play a vital role in supporting community mobility and urban economic activities. As the capital city of Papua Province with a population of 420,577 inhabitants, Jayapura City requires an efficient transportation system to support increasingly dynamic social and economic activities. Entrop Terminal, as a Type A Terminal and the main transportation hub of Jayapura City, serves various transportation modes ranging from inter-city inter-provincial transport, cross-border transport, intra-provincial inter-city transport, urban transport, to rural transport. However, there is a significant problem where users prefer to wait for public transportation outside the terminal due to long queues inside the terminal, creating a shadow terminal phenomenon. This research aims to evaluate the facilities available at Entrop Type A Terminal in relation to the quality of services provided to users. This evaluation is important to identify facility and service deficiencies that cause users to be reluctant to use the terminal optimally. The research results are expected to provide recommendations for facility improvements and service quality enhancement at Entrop Terminal, so that it can function optimally as the main transportation hub and reduce the shadow terminal problems occurring in Jayapura City.

Prolanis merupakan program pengelolaan penyakit kronis seperti hipertensi dan DM tipe 2 untuk mencapai kualitas hidup yang optimal dengan biaya kesehatan yang efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas pelayanan kesehatan terhadap kepuasan pasien peserta program prolanis di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Haji Kota Makassar. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan kajian potong lintang (cross sectional study). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh jumlah peserta Hipertensi dan Diabetes Mellitus yang mengikuti kegiatan Prolanis di wilayah kerja RSUD Haji Kota Makassar dengan sampel sebanyak 106 peserta. Teknik penentuan sampelnya adalah dengan menggunakan metode accidental sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah chi square dan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel keterjangkauan (p=0,000), keamanan (p=0,008), informasi (p=0,018), ketepatan waktu (p=0,002) berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pasien. Sedangkan kenyamanan (p=0,089) tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pasien. Hasil uji regresi logistik berganda secara bersamaan diperoleh bahwa keterjangkauan merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pasien peserta prolanis di RSUD haji Kota Makassar. Kepada pihak Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Haji Kota Makassar agar membenahi dan mengevaluasi hal apa saja yang menjadi keluhan pasien terutama dalam kenyaman pasien yang menggunakan fasilitas kesehatan di RSUD Haji Kota Makassar.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pencatatan akuntansi produk simpanan wadiah oleh BMT dan kesesuaiannya dengan PSAK 459 serta PAPSI, serta mengidentifikasi kendala-kendala yang dihadapi dalam penerapannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) KSPPS BMT Nusa Ummat Sejahtera Cabang Cileunyi Bandung menggunakan software IBSS dalam pencatatan akuntansi simpanan wadiah, sehingga pencatatannya menjadi lebih efektif; 2) Pencatatan akuntansi simpanan wadiah belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan PSAK 459, terutama dalam pengakuan penerimaan, pendapatan, dan beban yang seharusnya diakui pada saat terjadinya, serta pendapatan atas pengelolaan dana yang seharusnya bukan merupakan keuntungan untuk dipublikasikan, dan pemberian bonus yang seharusnya tidak diperjanjikan sebelumnya; 3) Pencatatan juga belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan PAPSI, khususnya dalam pengakuan beban dan pengungkapan fasilitas isimewa kepada penyimpan; 4) Kendala utama terletak pada transaksi BMT yang masih sederhana dan software IBSS yang belum terintegrasi, sehingga laporan keuangan akhir tidak lengkap dan memuat atas transaksi wadiah, terutama terkait fasilitas istimewa, belum diterapkan secara maksimal.

Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) memegang peranan strategis dalam perekonomian Indonesia, dengan kontribusi signifikan terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) dan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Namun, UMKM menghadapi berbagai tantangan, seperti keterbatasan akses permodalan, rendahnya kualitas sumber daya manusia, kurangnya pemanfaatan teknologi, serta kendala dalam pemasaran produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan utama yang dihadapi UMKM, mengevaluasi efektivitas program pemberdayaan yang telah dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah dan sektor swasta, serta merumuskan strategi pengembangan yang aplikatif dan berkelanjutan. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program pemberdayaan yang mencakup pelatihan, pendampingan, serta fasilitasi akses pasar dan teknologi dapat meningkatkan kapasitas dan daya saing UMKM secara signifikan. Selain itu, peningkatan proses pembelajaran dalam UMKM sangat penting untuk mendorong inovasi produk dan perbaikan kinerja usaha. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa strategi pengembangan UMKM harus terintegrasi dengan pemberdayaan sumber daya manusia, peningkatan akses permodalan, dan pemanfaatan teknologi digital. Dukungan kebijakan yang memudahkan akses pembiayaan dan regulasi yang ramah terhadap UMKM juga menjadi faktor penentu keberhasilan pengembangan sektor ini. Diharapkan, hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan dalam perumusan kebijakan dan program pemberdayaan UMKM yang lebih efektif, sehingga UMKM dapat tumbuh dan berkontribusi lebih optimal terhadap perekonomian nasional.

The problem in this research is that there are inadequate toilets at the Solok Radjo Tourist Attraction, because there are only two public toilets at this Tourist Attraction. The prayer room is still made of wood and can only accommodate 2-5 people in worship. Insufficient number of rubbish bins at the Solok Radjo Tourist Attraction. There is no special parking area that is neat and well arranged at the Solok Radjo Tourist Attraction. This type of research is a type of descriptive research with qualitative data. This research was conducted at the Solok Radjo Aia Winter Tourist Attraction, Solok Regency, and data collection will be carried out in October-November 2022. The results of this research are 1) Internal factors that become strengths and weaknesses in the development of public facilities In the Solok Radjo Aia Winter tourist attraction, Solok Regency, the strength is that public toilets which are used by visitors for urinating, defecating and performing ablution are very available, where the Solok Radjo Aia Winter tourist attraction has 12 public toilets. Apart from that, the parking area is large so it can accommodate many vehicles, both motorbikes and cars. Meanwhile, the weakness is that the prayer room is only made of wood with a tarpaulin, mat and this is the place used by visitors for prayer. The next weakness is that the rubbish bins around the tourist attraction location are limited, namely only 5 rubbish bins. 2) External factors that become opportunities (Opportunities) and threats (Threats) regarding public facilities at the Solok Radjo Aia Winter Tourist Attraction, Solok Regency, namely the opportunity (Opportunities) is the construction of a Mushalla/Mosque with magnificent architecture which has the opportunity to develop religious tourism. Furthermore, the opportunity (Opportunities) is the cleanliness of tourist locations which can be realized through the availability of organic and non-organic rubbish bins at every point in the Solok Radjo Aia Winter tourist attraction area, Solok Regency. Meanwhile, the threat is the number of visitors who lose their items or have items scattered in the public toilets at the Solok Radjo Aia Winter tourist attraction. Furthermore, another threat is the parking lot which is sometimes frequented by many thugs.

This study aims to analyze the effect of facilities and service quality on customer satisfaction at Pertamina gas station Jl. Aksara, Satria Barat, Medan Perjuangan. A quantitative method using multiple linear regression was employed, with data collected through questionnaires from 30 respondents using accidental sampling. The partial test (t-test) results show that service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, while facilities do not show a significant individual effect. However, simultaneously (F-test), both independent variables significantly and positively influence customer satisfaction. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 60.9% indicates that customer satisfaction can be explained by the variables of facilities and service quality. This research provides recommendations for gas station management to continuously improve service quality to maintain customer satisfaction.

Sport is a basic need to maintain good physical condition and health, and plays an important role in national development. Law Number 11 of 2022 concerning Sports emphasizes the importance of educational sports, performance sports and recreational sports. One form of recreational sport that is popular in Payakumbuh City is Aerobiks, which is not only popular for fitness but also as a recreational activity. This research aims to analyze the influence of people's motivation to exercise Aerobiks in Payakumbuh City, with a focus on instructor competence, awareness of healthy living, and sports facilities. The population in this research is the people of Payakumbuh City. This research uses quantitative methods with primary data in the form of a questionnaire with a total research sample of 60 respondents taken based on sampling techniques. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and inferential statistical analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis of various Partial Least Square (PLS) variants. Measurement model or outer model, structural model test or inner model, and hypothesis testing with the help of Smart-PLS 4.0 software as a testing tool. The results of this research show that instructor competence and facilities have a significant effect on people's motivation to exercise Aerobiks in Payakumbuh City. Meanwhile, awareness of healthy living has no effect on people's motivation to exercise Aerobiks in Payakumbuh City.

Anemia juga diartikan sebagai suatu kondisi ketika tubuh kekurangan sel darah merah, dan dapat terjadi pada semua kelompok usia. Prevalensi anemia di kalangan remaja usia 15–24 tahun tercatat sebesar 15,5%. Jika dirinci berdasarkan jenis kelamin, prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri (rematri) mencapai 18%. survei yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Kesehatan DIY pada tahun 2018 terhadap 1.500 remaja putri di lima kabupaten dan kota menunjukkan bahwa 19,3% dari mereka mengalami anemia, yang ditandai dengan kadar hemoglobin di bawah 12 g/dl. Remaja atau santriwati di Pondok Pesantren Harun Asy-Syafi’i diperoleh informasi dan data sebanyak 92% remaja putri pernah mengalami gejala-gejala anemia. Bahkan pernah ada remaja putri di pondok pesantren ini yang dirujuk ke fasilitas kesehatan karena mengalami anemia. Tujuan pengabdian adalah remaja putri di Pondok Pesantren harun Asy-Syafi’i mengetahui tentang pecegahan anemia. Metode yang digunakan adalah memberikan sosialisasi atau edukasi tentang pencegahan anemia. Jumlah subyek kegiatan adalah 87 orang. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan memberikan pertanyaan tentang materi yang telah disampaikan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah pengetahuan tentang pencegahan anemia pada remaja putri di Pondok Pesantren Harun Asy-Syafi’i semakin meningkat setelah diadakannya kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa sosialisasi tentang pencegahan anemia

This study aims to analyze student satisfaction with the quality of dormitory facilities at Sriwijaya University. Adequate dormitory facilities are an important factor in supporting student comfort and the smooth running of academic activities. Using a qualitative approach, this research explores students' perceptions of the condition of the facilities and investigates the responses from both dormitory management and the central authority. The results show that students are generally satisfied with aspects such as cleanliness and security but express concerns over the lack of supporting facilities, disruptions in water availability, and the slow response from the management. Based on interviews, dormitory managers stated that the authority for repairs lies with the central office, while the central office acknowledged issues in administrative systems and communication. These findings highlight the need for improved management systems and coordination between parties to enhance the quality of dormitory services.

Timbulan sampah di Kabupaten Bone Bolango menunjukkan tren peningkatan yang signifikan dari tahun ke tahun, seiring dengan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk, ekspansi kawasan permukiman, dan aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat. Berdasarkan data dari Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Sampah Nasional (SIPSN), terjadi lonjakan volume sampah harian dari 2022 hingga 2024. Namun, peningkatan ini tidak diimbangi dengan kapasitas pengelolaan yang memadai, baik dari sisi infrastruktur, kelembagaan, maupun partisipasi masyarakat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji model pengelolaan sampah berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Bone Bolango melalui pendekatan sistem, dengan merujuk pada literatur dan data sekunder. Metode analisis menggunakan pendekatan Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) dan Stock Flow Diagram (SFD) untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan kausal dan dinamika sistem pengelolaan sampah di daerah ini. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa akar permasalahan terletak pada lemahnya sinergi antar-pemangku kepentingan, kurangnya regulasi lokal, serta keterbatasan sarana pengolahan. Solusi strategis yang diusulkan meliputi pembangunan fasilitas TPS3R, penyusunan kebijakan persampahan daerah, pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui edukasi lingkungan dan bank sampah, serta penguatan kemitraan dengan sektor swasta dan lembaga non-pemerintah. Diharapkan, pendekatan integratif ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi pengembangan model pengelolaan sampah yang efektif dan berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Bone Bolango.

Industri peternakan memiliki kontribusi penting dalam mendukung perekonomian nasional serta penyediaan protein hewani. Kambing merupakan salah satu komoditas ternak potensial yang banyak dibudidayakan masyarakat pedesaan, termasuk di Desa Besowo, Kecamatan Kepung, Kabupaten Kediri. Namun, keterbatasan sarana, pengetahuan teknis, dan pola pemeliharaan tradisional masih menjadi kendala dalam meningkatkan kinerja peternak kambing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh modal sosial terhadap kinerja peternak kambing. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi untuk mengukur hubungan antara variabel modal sosial (norma, jaringan, kepercayaan, dan hubungan timbal balik) dengan kinerja peternak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial peternak kambing di Desa Besowo relatif baik, tercermin dari adanya praktik titip ternak, penggunaan fasilitas bersama, hingga kegiatan kelompok ternak. Kinerja peternak cenderung masih tradisional, dengan pola pemeliharaan dan pemberian pakan bergantung pada kondisi alam serta usaha ternak yang dijalankan sebagai profesi sampingan. Analisis regresi menghasilkan nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 53,7%, yang mengindikasikan bahwa modal sosial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja peternak kambing. Hal ini menegaskan bahwa penguatan modal sosial dapat membantu mengatasi keterbatasan teknis dan sarana prasarana, sekaligus meningkatkan keberlanjutan usaha peternakan kambing.

The research is entitled The Influence of Facilities, Services and Needs on the Reading Interest of Medan State Polytechnic Students, with the research objective being to determine the Influence of Facilities, Services and Needs on the Reading Interest of Medan State Polytechnic Students with this research method, namely Quantitative with data collection methods Observation, Study Libraries, and Questionnaires. Meanwhile, this research was tested using SPSS version 25 statistics which found the results of a positive influence between the independent variable on the dependent variable. Based on the research results it was found that Facilities had an influence tcount of 2.636 > 1.988, while on the results of the Service variable the tcount was 2.243 > 1.988, However, the Requirements variable found a t-count result of 3.567 > 1.988. This result can also be seen as an overall influence in the Coefficient of Determination test which shows a result of 0.355 or 35.5%, where the remaining 64.5% of the figure is influenced by other variables. Based on the research results, it was agreed that the facilities, services and needs to increase students' reading interest as visitors must be improved further.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fasilitas dan kinerja pegawai terhadap kepuasan masyarakat dengan kualitas pelayanan administrasi terpadu kecamatan sebagai variabel intervening (Studi pada Pelayanan e-KTP di Kantor Camat Cepu Kabupaten Blora). Populasi penelitian ini adalah masyarakat yang melakukan perekaman e-KTP di Kecamatan Cepu. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 100 responden yang melakukan perekaman e-KTP. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara variabel fasilitas pelayanan terhadap kualitas pelayanan. Terdapat pengaruh kinerja pegawai terhadap kualitas pelayanan. Besaran Ada pengaruh variabel kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan masyarakat. Terdapat pengaruh kinerja pegawai terhadap kepuasan masyarakat. Ada pengaruh fasilitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Masyarakat.

The provision of friendly facilities for people with disabilities is one form of government concern in creating social inclusion and equal access for all levels of society. In this context, the National Land Agency (BPN) plays an important role in ensuring that public facilities provided can be accessed by all individuals, including people with disabilities. This study aims to analyze how BPN provides disability-friendly facilities at the regional office located on Jalan STM, Sitirejo, Medan Amplas District, Medan City, North Sumatra. This study uses a qualitative approach with an in-depth case study method, where data is obtained through interviews, direct observation, and documentation studies related to the provision of facilities for people with disabilities at the BPN. The results of the study indicate that despite efforts by the BPN to provide facilities that are friendly to people with disabilities, there are still a number of obstacles that need to be fixed, such as the lack of supporting facilities such as disabled lanes, and information on service procedures that are not fully disability-friendly. From this study, it is recommended that the BPN can improve infrastructure and services for people with disabilities by paying attention to applicable standards, and conduct wider socialization related to accessibility rights for people with disabilities, in order to realize more inclusive public services.

In banking practice, cooperation agreements between banks and developers for providing Kredit Pemilikan Rumah (“KPR”) facilities often incorporate the buy back guarantee scheme as a form of security against the risk of debtor default. This scheme obligates the developer to repurchase the property as collateral in case of a loan default. The buy back guarantee scheme in KPR is essential for banks as a risk mitigation mechanism to ensure the recovery of disbursed funds, reduce the potential for non-performing loans, and provide legal certainty and protection against losses caused by debtor default. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the legal protection available to banks bound by cooperation agreements for the provision of KPR facilities under the buy back guarantee scheme, taking into account the legal position of the banks and developers, as well as examining legal certainty and dispute resolution mechanisms applicable in cases of loan default.

Health service management has an important role in managing resources effectively and efficiently, dealing with the dynamics of community needs, and ensuring quality health services through a systematic and humanistic approach. However, there are still shortcomings in the availability of adequate resources and managerial skills of implementing officers in service units that do not meet the standards. This study aims to analyze the direct impact of health management on accessibility, quality, effectiveness, and policy-making in health services.This study uses a literature review method with data sources obtained from Google Scholar, National Library e-Resources, and Garuda Portal. The research data was taken from 2015-2025. Based on the literature review, effective health management includes strategic planning, strengthening internal management, managing human resources, community involvement, and utilizing technology. The implementation of health management is proven to improve the competence of health workers, accelerate service processes, and increase patient satisfaction. In addition, good health management also encourages the expansion of health facility distribution, maintains the availability of drugs and medical devices, and improves the quality of infrastructure. However, there are challenges that need to be overcome, such as limited human resources and challenges in implementing Electronic Medical Records (EMR) in various healthcare facilities. The review shows that health management positively impacts accessibility, service quality, effectiveness, and evidence-based policymaking. Effective strategies include strategic planning, internal managemen human resource management, technology use, and community involvement, although challenges like limited human resources and Electronic Medical Record implementation remain

Visitor satisfaction is very important to improve the quality of the swimming pool. Keeping the pool clean and improving facilities such as bathrooms and water cleanliness are the drivers of visitor satisfaction. Based on the survey results, it was found that the lack of cleanliness of the swimming pool was due to a lack of self-awareness on the part of visitors to maintain cleanliness and notification from the pool. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of satisfaction of visitors to Tirta Indah Swimming Pool, Kediri Regency, East Java. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative using purposive non random sampling with a sample of 80 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire sheet. This data collection uses questionnaire results and officer interviews. Data analysis techniques using descriptive statistical analysis. Data processing using editing and tabulating. The results showed that the level of visitor satisfaction with swimming recreation sports facilities at Tirta Indah Swimming Pool, Kediri Regency was classified as satisfactory, in the product quality category of 75.25%, price category of 80%, service quality category of 83.75%, emotional factor category of 63.75%, and convenience category of 81.25%. The conclusion related to the research is that the majority of visitor satisfaction at Tirta Indah Swimming Pool is categorized as satisfactory, partly satisfactory because many of the respondents are satisfied from the category of swimming pool ticket prices which are relatively cheap and most respondents are not satisfied because the prices of food and drinks in the swimming pool canteen are expensive.

Kertajati International Airport is an international airport located in Majalengka Regency, West Java, this airport is still experiencing problems in the placement of signage that is less strategic. Based on the Minister of Transportation Regulation Number KM 22 Year 2005 and Appendix 9 Facilitation 2018, airport signs must be easy to understand and unobstructed. The application of these standards at the Kertajati International Airport Terminal is still not optimal, causing passenger confusion, especially in the departure area in finding routes after check-in. This study aims to determine the effect of signage placement on passenger satisfaction in finding routes at Kertajati Terminal and also to determine how much influence the placement of signage facilities has on passenger satisfaction at Kertajati International Airport. This research uses a descriptive statistical approach, which describes the numbers obtained from research and is described in the form of a systematic discussion. In this study, the data collection carried out was a survey method using a questionnaire (questionnaire). The survey method used is by distributing questionnaires to passengers directly in the Domestic Departure area at Kertajati International Airport. The data analysis techniques used are validity test, reliability test, simple linear regression test, T test and coefficient of determination (R2) test. Based on the results of analysis and discussion and data processing on the variable placement of signage facilities (X) on passenger satisfaction (Y), it is decided that the significant value obtained is 0.000, which means it is smaller or less than (<) 0.05, it can be concluded that the placement of signage facilities has a significant effect on passenger satisfaction at the Kertajati International Airport Terminal. The magnitude of the value of the effect of the placement of signage facilities on passenger satisfaction is known that the number obtained for the variable placement of signage facilities is 65.9% of the passenger satisfaction variable.

I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport – Bali is one of the airports with the busiest flight traffic in Indonesia, for both domestic and international routes. The high intensity of operational activities on the airside demands optimal management of all supporting elements, one of which is Ground Support Equipment (GSE). GSE plays a vital role in supporting aircraft movements and handling baggage, cargo, and passengers. Therefore, the provision of well-organized Equipment Parking Area (EPA) facilities in the Make Up and Break Down areas is crucial to ensure smooth and safe operations on the apron. This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of EPA provision and management in supporting GSE work efficiency, while identifying challenges and providing solutions to various emerging problems. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach through direct observation, field documentation, and analysis of the actual layout compared to the provisions of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation Regulation No. PR 21 of 2023 concerning Technical and Operational Standards for Civil Aviation Safety Regulations. This research also complements EPA management practices at other airports in Indonesia, to provide a constructive comparative perspective. The study results indicate that the current management of the EPA at I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport is not optimal. The main problems identified include irregular parking of GSE vehicles, the absence of zoning based on vehicle type, minimal markings, and a weak monitoring system due to limited personnel. As a result, congestion often occurs on GSE operational routes, which can disrupt the smooth operation of ground handling services. Based on these findings, proposed improvements include redesigning the EPA layout based on vehicle classification, installing signs and vehicle flow maps in strategic areas, and implementing an integrated technology-based monitoring system such as CCTV and digital access control.