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Education is a fundamental human need that plays a key role in shaping behavior and contributes to the development of a successful generation in Indonesia. However, during the learning process, teachers often encounter students who struggle to grasp the concepts being taught. This is due to the fact that each student brings unique characteristics and diverse backgrounds to the classroom. Teachers, therefore, must selec and develop various teaching materials that are suited to the individual needs of their students. The ability to tailor these materials effectively requires experience and knowledge in the development and selection of appropriate teaching tools for elementary schools. This study aims to assess the ability of elementary school teachers to manage differentiated learning, specifically through a literature review. The research will also identify how teachers approach the management of differentiated learning in the classroom and analyze the factors influencing their ability to implement this approach. By examining relevant literature, the study seeks to provide insight into the current capabilities of teachers and offer recommendations for improving the management of differentiated learning. The research employs a literature review method to gather data and draw conclusions about the best practices for managing differentiated learning in elementary school settings.

Education is a fundamental human need that plays a key role in shaping behavior and contributes to the development of a successful generation in Indonesia. However, during the learning process, teachers often encounter students who struggle to grasp the concepts being taught. This is due to the fact that each student brings unique characteristics and diverse backgrounds to the classroom. Teachers, therefore, must selec and develop various teaching materials that are suited to the individual needs of their students. The ability to tailor these materials effectively requires experience and knowledge in the development and selection of appropriate teaching tools for elementary schools. This study aims to assess the ability of elementary school teachers to manage differentiated learning, specifically through a literature review. The research will also identify how teachers approach the management of differentiated learning in the classroom and analyze the factors influencing their ability to implement this approach. By examining relevant literature, the study seeks to provide insight into the current capabilities of teachers and offer recommendations for improving the management of differentiated learning. The research employs a literature review method to gather data and draw conclusions about the best practices for managing differentiated learning in elementary school settings.

Instilling saving habits from an early age is an essential component of character education, particularly in fostering discipline, responsibility, and independence. Initial observations at PAUD Nurul Islam, Jelutih Village indicate that early childhood saving interest remains relatively low due to limited engaging learning media and the absence of structured habituation. This Community Service Program (KKN) aims to foster early childhood saving interest through creative piggy bank media aligned with children’s developmental characteristics. The implementation method comprised planning, execution, and evaluation stages. During execution, children were introduced to saving concepts through simple storytelling and interactive dialogue, followed by hands-on creation of creative piggy banks using simple, child-friendly materials. These piggy banks were then used to habituate saving behavior. The results demonstrate increased enthusiasm and saving interest among children, reflected in their willingness to set aside money and heightened responsibility toward their piggy banks. Therefore, creative piggy bank media serve as an effective alternative learning tool for fostering saving interest and positive character development among early childhood learners at PAUD Nurul Islam, Jelutih Village.

This community service program aims to develop a local wisdom-based literacy model as an effort to improve students’ reading interest at SD Negeri 025 Samarinda Utara. The low level of reading interest among elementary school students remains a challenge in the implementation of the School Literacy Movement initiated by the Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. One of the contributing factors is the lack of contextual reading materials that are relevant to students’ socio-cultural environment. Therefore, integrating local wisdom into literacy activities is considered an innovative strategy to enhance students’ engagement in reading activities.The implementation method included needs analysis, the design of a literacy model, program implementation through storytelling of East Kalimantan folktales, the development of a culturally themed reading corner, and teacher mentoring in integrating literacy into classroom learning. Evaluation was conducted through observation of student participation, reading interest questionnaires, and reflective discussions with teachers.The results indicate an increase in students’ enthusiasm for reading activities, a higher frequency of classroom reading corner utilization, and improved understanding of local cultural values. The local wisdom-based literacy model proved effective in creating a contextual, engaging, and meaningful learning atmosphere. This program is expected to serve as a sustainable model for strengthening literacy culture in elementary schools.

The digital era presents various opportunities as well as challenges in the world of education, particularly in the formation of student character. The development of technology, social media, and the unlimited flow of information influence the way students think, act, and behave. This condition demands the role and responsibilities of Christian Religious Education (PAK) Teachers that are increasingly complex and strategic. This study aims to describe the responsibilities of PAK Teachers in the formation of student character in the digital era. The research method used is a qualitative method with a literature study approach. Data were collected through a review of scientific journals, academic books, and theoretical sources relevant to the research topic. The results of the study indicate that PAK Teachers are not only responsible for conveying Christian faith material, but also guiding students in internalizing and practicing Christian values such as love, honesty, responsibility, self-control, and empathy, both in real life and digitally. PAK Teachers act as educators, role models, guides, and spiritual counselors who integrate character education into the learning process. In addition, PAK Teachers are required to have adequate pedagogical, professional, personality, and social competencies, as well as the ability to utilize technology wisely. Collaboration with parents and schools is a crucial aspect in sustainably shaping students' character. Thus, Christian Religious Education teachers act as agents of transformation in shaping a generation with Christian character ready to face the challenges of the digital era.

This research aims to develop and assess the feasibility of Microsoft Access-based learning media as a digital archive tool. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach, the study follows the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The participants included one media expert, one material expert, one language expert, and 33 class X MPLB students at SMK Negeri 49 Jakarta. Data collection was conducted through observations, interviews, and questionnaires rated on a Likert scale, evaluated by experts and students. The findings show that: 1) The Microsoft Access-based media, developed for the MPLB basics subject, can be run on laptops or computers; 2) The media suitability received an 81.3% rating ("Very Appropriate"), material suitability 89.3% ("Very Appropriate"), and language suitability 100% ("Very Appropriate"). In the trials, individual testing with three students yielded 89.6% ("Very Eligible"), small group testing with 10 students received 75.7% ("Decent"), and field testing with 20 students reached 86.8% ("Very Eligible"). 3) The product is deemed highly suitable by experts, with strong support from small group and field trials, confirming its effectiveness as a learning tool.

The moral crisis continues to be a concern for Indonesian society today. Therefore, reading literacy in elementary schools is an appropriate strategy that is not only oriented towards the ability to understand texts but also plays an important role in the formation of students' morals and character. The selection of literacy reading materials needs to be adjusted to the stage of moral development of students so that the values contained in the reading can be understood and internalized optimally. This article aims to examine the criteria for literacy reading materials based on the moral development of elementary school students based on Banten Province folklore. The method used is a literature study by analyzing the theory of children's moral development, criteria for selecting literacy reading materials, and moral values contained in Banten folklore. The results of the study indicate that Banten Province folklore has great potential as literacy reading materials that are appropriate to the moral development of  elementary school students because they contain values of honesty, responsibility, hard work, courage, leadership, empathy, social concern, and religiosity. Thus, Banten folklore is relevant to be used as literacy reading materials that support character learning in elementary schools.

This study aims to: (1) Determine the effect of the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy on the mathematical concept comprehension and self-efficacy of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan; (2) Determine the effect of the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy on the mathematical concept comprehension of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan; (3) Determine the effect of the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy on the self-efficacy of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan. The research population included all tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Tarakan in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research sample consisted of two classes selected randomly: one experimental class receiving discovery learning with an aptitude treatment interaction strategy and one control class receiving conventional learning. The research instruments consisted of a test measuring mathematical concept understanding on trigonometry material and a self-efficacy questionnaire. The data obtained were tested for prerequisites through normality and homogeneity tests before being analyzed using inferential statistical tests in the form of an independent samples t-test with the assistance of SPSS software version 26.0. The research results show that the implementation of the discovery learning model with the aptitude-treatment interaction strategy has a significant impact on students' mathematical concept understanding and self-efficacy simultaneously, with a significance value of 0.006 < 0.05. Partially, this learning model has a significant effect on students' mathematical concept understanding, with a significance value of 0.018 < 0.05. However, the effect of the discovery learning model with the aptitude-treatment interaction strategy on students' self-efficacy is not statistically significant, as indicated by a significance value of 0.089 > 0.05, even though there is a tendency for increased self-efficacy among students participating in the experimental class learning. Nevertheless, the influence of the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy on students' self-efficacy is not statistically significant in partial terms, although there is a tendency for an increase in self-efficacy among students participating in the experimental class. These findings suggest that the discovery learning model with the aptitude treatment interaction strategy is effective in improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts in trigonometry material and has the potential to support the development of self-efficacy in mathematics learning.

This study presents ReflectAI, a web-based system designed to automate the creation of teaching materials tailored to students' learning styles using behavior data from a Learning Management System (LMS). Student digital activity data—such as logins, material access, forum participation, assignment submission, and quiz results—are extracted and processed using a Hierarchical Clustering algorithm to categorize students into three learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Based on the clustering results, the system automatically generates personalized learning modules using generative AI (ChatGPT API), aligned with each student's learning preferences. Employing a data-driven system development approach, the system was tested with data from 230 students in a mathematics course. The results show diverse learning style distributions and relevant, tailored content generation. ReflectAI is designed to reduce teachers’ administrative workload and enhance personalized and adaptive learning. This system contributes to educational transformation through deep, data-driven technology integration.

Learning to read the Al-Qur'an at TPA Al-Amin Brahu Ponorogo still relies on conventional methods, which lead to low motivation and boredom among students. This study aims to design and develop interactive learning media based on Augmented Reality (AR) through the AR-Iqro' Jilid 5 application on the Android platform. The development method employed is the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) using the Waterfall model, which encompasses the stages of planning, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.The results of the study indicate that the application performs exceptionally well, with material validation reaching 96%, media design at 96%, and user testing at 97%. These findings prove that the AR-Iqro' Jilid 5 application is highly feasible for use due to its ease of navigation and intuitive visual interface. The implication of this research is the availability of an innovative alternative learning medium capable of increasing students' interest in learning the Al-Qur'an, with the potential for broader implementation in technology-based Islamic educational institutions.

This study aims to develop a pop-up book learning medium with the theme “Einkaufen” (Shopping) as a German language instructional medium for Grade XI students at SMA Negeri 3 Binjai. The background of this study is the low level of students’ understanding of the learning materials and their lack of learning motivation due to the use of monotonous conventional media. This research employs a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model, which includes the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The results of the implementation stage indicate that 98.3% of students agreed that the pop-up book is effective for use in German language learning, and 96.7% stated that the material content is easy to understand. The pop-up book consists of six pages containing learning materials and exercises that focus on reading, writing, and speaking skills. Validation by material and media experts yielded a score of 90, categorized as very good. These findings demonstrate that the developed pop-up book medium is not only visually engaging but also capable of enhancing students’ motivation and comprehension in an integrative German language learning process. This medium can serve as an effective alternative for improving the quality of foreign language learning at the secondary school level.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Tahsin Qur'an program at Ma'had Al-Jamiah IAIN Kendari using the Goal Free Evaluation model. This evaluation emphasizes tangible results without being tied to the initial objectives of the program. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results indicate that the program has had a significant positive impact: participants showed improved reading ability in hijaiyah letters, mastery of basic tajweed, and increased self-confidence and spiritual closeness to the Quran. The high level of participant attendance and consistent enthusiasm for learning indicate active involvement in the learning process. The program has also proven to be able to create a conducive and sustainable learning community, even though it is run voluntarily without financial incentives. Several recommendations for development include the provision of advanced classes, improvement of learning materials, and increasing reach and wider support. This evaluation confirms that the andragogy-based tahsin learning approach is highly relevant for Quranic education for adults and deserves further development.

The community service program conducted by students during the Field Work Practice (PKL) at TPQ Nurul Huda, Riam Mengelai Village, is implemented as a tangible contribution to student guidance, focusing on enhancing religious competence, discipline, and worship skills. This program was motivated by the need to improve the quality of religious education systematically and according to the skill level of each student, making learning more effective and targeted. The objective of this service is to optimize student guidance by improving Quran reading skills, daily prayer memorization, moral development, and active participation in religious activities according to each class’s ability. The implementation method includes initial observation, planning a guidance program based on skill levels, direct teaching and learning, individual and group mentoring, and periodic evaluation. Students are divided into four classes according to their ability: Class 1 for students at IQRA’ levels 1 and 2, Class 2 for IQRA’ 3 and 4, Class 3 for IQRA’ 5 and 6, and Class 4 for students who can read the Quran fluently. Each class receives materials tailored to their level, ranging from introduction to Arabic letters, Quran reading, daily prayer memorization, to moral development and worship practices. This class-based guidance approach allows PKL students to provide focused attention, ensuring optimal learning outcomes. The results show significant improvements in students’ discipline, learning motivation, Quran reading skills, prayer memorization, and moral understanding. Class-based guidance according to skill levels provides each child with an appropriate learning experience, enabling maximal development. PKL students gain practical experience in early childhood religious education, lesson development, and classroom management. This program is expected to serve as a systematic, effective, and sustainable model for student guidance at TPQ Nurul Huda.

The interactive learning video innovation "Human Blood Circulation" through Edpuzzle, with embedded questions, is designed to address the difficulties faced by fifth-grade elementary school students in understanding abstract biological concepts. Science education in elementary schools often encounters challenges in explaining invisible processes, such as the heart's working mechanism and blood circulation, leading students to struggle with comprehension or merely memorize the material. Conventional learning videos tend to make students passive, necessitating media that can transform the learning process into an active one. Edpuzzle, as an educational platform, allows teachers to insert questions at critical points in the video, requiring students to answer before continuing to watch. This innovation aligns with the cognitive development stage of fifth-grade students, who are in the concrete operational stage.The research objectives include product development, validity and feasibility testing, analysis of conceptual understanding improvement, influence on focus and learning independence, and student responses. Media development refers to Mayer's cognitive theory of multimedia and the characteristics of interactive videos according to Heinich et al. Additionally, media development models such as ADDIE and Dick and Carey are discussed. The main benefits of using Edpuzzle include increasing engagement, facilitating real-time formative assessment, and enhancing learning motivation. However, challenges exist such as technology access, teacher readiness, the risk of technology dependency, and long-term evaluation. The practical implications can support digital learning and the transformation of elementary science education.

This study aims to develop Student Worksheets (LKPD) incorporating the traditional serok kuali game on multiplication material for third-grade students at SDN Deket Wetan Lamongan and to determine their validity, effectiveness, and practicality. The research method employed was Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model, which consists of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research subjects included two expert validators, namely a media expert and a subject-matter expert, as well as 15 third-grade students at SDN Deket Wetan Lamongan. Data were collected using expert validation questionnaires, conceptual understanding tests (pretest and posttest), and student response questionnaires. The results showed that the developed LKPD demonstrated a very high level of validity, with a score of 97.5% from the media expert and 95.55% from the subject-matter expert. The effectiveness test indicated an improvement in students’ learning outcomes, with an N-Gain score of 0.803 (80.3%), which falls into the effective category. In addition, students’ responses to the use of the LKPD reached a percentage of 95.6%, categorized as very good. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the LKPD incorporating the traditional serok kuali game is feasible, effective, and practical for use as instructional material to enhance third-grade elementary school students’ understanding of multiplication concepts.

The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematics e-module based on the tourism potential of Pasuruan City material of flat-sided solid shapes. This research is motivated by the use of teaching materials by teachers is still manual, not in digital form that integrates local tourism potential. The type of research is R&D (Research and Development) with the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The results of the study show that the mathematics e-module based on the tourism potential of Pasuruan City material of flat-sided solid shapes has gone through a model development process. The validation results show that the percentage of experts with an average of 93.6% is in the very valid category. The application of the mathematics e-module received a positive response with a percentage of 88.5% on a small scale and on a large scale showing 89.2% in the very practical category. The posttest showed a percentage on a small scale of 83%, while on a large scale it reached 80% which is categorized as effective. Conclusion, the development of a mathematics e-module based on the tourism potential of Pasuruan City material of flat-sided solid shapes is declared valid, practical and effective.

Learning geometric transformations requires a strong conceptual understanding due to their abstract nature. One effort to enhance students’ conceptual understanding of mathematics is through the development of contextual and meaningful instructional materials that incorporate local culture. This study is a research and development (R&D) study employing the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) aimed at examining the validity of the developed Student Worksheets. The validation of the Student Worksheets was conducted by two experts in mathematics education who evaluated the aspects of content feasibility, media, and language and readability. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods with percentage scores to determine the level of validity of the Student Worksheets. The results showed that the developed Student Worksheets obtained a validity percentage of 93.75% for the content feasibility aspect (very valid), 80.77% for the media aspect (valid), and 87.50% for the language and readability aspect (very valid), with an overall average of 87.34%, which falls into the very valid category. Based on these results, the ethnomathematics-based Student Worksheets using the Kepahiang Traditional House context are considered feasible for use as supporting instructional materials in learning geometric transformations.

Teaching plane geometry often faces challenges due to the abstract nature of geometric concepts, which are often detached from students’ real-life contexts. This study is a development research (Research and Development) using a modified 4D model reduced to 3D (Define, Design, Develop) aimed at producing and testing the validity of a Student Worksheet based on ethnomathematics with Batik Sekundang motifs on plane geometry material oriented toward Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). Validation was conducted by two mathematics education experts who assessed the feasibility of content/material, media, and language/readability using a Likert scale instrument. The data were analyzed quantitatively in a descriptive manner using percentage formulas to determine the level of validity. The results showed that the student worksheet obtained a validity percentage of 87.50% in content feasibility (very valid), 80.76% in media (valid), and 87.50% in language (very valid), with an overall average of 85.25%, which falls into the very valid category. Based on these results, the ethnomathematics-based student worksheet with Batik Sekundang motifs is declared suitable to be used as a supporting teaching material for contextual and meaningful plane geometry learning for students in South Bengkulu.

Adolescence is a crucial period in human development, characterized by biological, psychological, and social changes. At this stage, adolescents require proper understanding of reproductive health to prevent risky behaviors and to support the development of healthy and responsible attitudes. This community service activity aimed to improve students’ knowledge of reproductive health through socialization at State Vocational High School (SMKN) 1 Mempura, Siak Regency. The method used was descriptive qualitative with a focus on education through material delivery, interactive discussions, and question-and-answer sessions. The activity was conducted on August 14, 2025, at the SMKN 1 Mempura Hall, involving 39 students out of 50 targeted participants. Data were obtained through observation of students’ participation and documentation of the activity, and were then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that students were enthusiastic in attending the socialization and demonstrated improved understanding of reproductive health concepts, reproductive organ functions, personal hygiene, and the risks of unsafe sexual behaviors. The interactive discussion also revealed students’ willingness to ask questions and share perspectives, reflecting stronger attitudes and confidence in maintaining reproductive health. In conclusion, the socialization of reproductive health at SMKN 1 Mempura successfully enhanced students’ knowledge and awareness. Despite limitations in terms of time allocation and long-term evaluation, this activity provided tangible benefits. Future efforts are recommended to develop sustainable programs supported by additional learning media and closer collaboration with the school.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a crucial role in shaping students' personality and morals, not only by imparting religious knowledge but also by internalizing moral values for everyday life. The rapid development of technology, globalization, and social change presents challenges to moral development, requiring PAI learning to effectively integrate moral values in classroom dynamics. This study aims to examine the integration of moral values in PAI learning and its implications for strengthening character education. Using a qualitative approach with library research, data were gathered from books, journal articles, and previous studies on PAI and moral education. Data collection was through documentation, and content analysis was used to synthesize concepts, theories, and findings. The study finds that moral values in PAI learning are integrated through two approaches: explicit and implicit. Explicit integration involves teaching materials containing moral values, while implicit integration occurs through teacher role models, humanistic interactions, classroom management, and participatory and contextual learning methods. The integration of moral values enhances the meaning of PAI learning and contributes to students' attitudes and behavior. This study highlights that well-designed, value-oriented PAI learning plays a vital role in strengthening character education and continuously fostering students' morals.