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This study explores the effectiveness of role play as a teaching method to enhance students' speaking skills in professional secretarial contexts, specifically in business telephone conversations, presentations, and negotiations. The research was conducted within the Diploma III Secretarial Program over one academic semester. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study involved classroom observations and student reflections gathered through feedback sessions. The objective was to assess how role play could contribute to the development of fluency, confidence, and contextual language use in English for specific professional purposes. The findings revealed that role play significantly improved students' speaking performance. Students showed greater confidence in expressing ideas, improved fluency, and a better understanding of appropriate vocabulary and expressions suited to professional environments. Furthermore, students expressed that the interactive and practical nature of role play made learning more enjoyable and less intimidating, allowing them to immerse themselves in real-life communication scenarios. These positive experiences encouraged active participation and increased motivation to learn English for professional use. The study also highlighted the value of reflective learning, as students were able to identify their own progress and areas for improvement. Through continuous engagement in simulated professional tasks, learners developed better adaptability in communication and exhibited more natural conversational flow during tasks that mirrored real workplace situations. In conclusion, the role play method proves to be a highly effective pedagogical tool for enhancing speaking skills in secretarial English. It not only helps build linguistic competence but also cultivates soft skills necessary for professional communication. Therefore, it is recommended that educators incorporate role play regularly in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) curricula to maximize its benefits in developing productive speaking abilities among students.

This study was motivated by the dominant use of directive speech acts in competitive esports communication. The purpose of this study is to describe the types, functions, and effects of directive speech acts in mic check content on the Team Liquid ID YouTube channel. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The research subject is mic check content on the Team Liquid ID YouTube channel. The object of this study is directive speech acts. Data collection methods include observation using basic recording techniques and advanced techniques such as the Free-Form Conversation Observation Technique (SLBC) and note-taking. The results of this study identified the form of directive speech acts, namely direct literal speech acts. The functions of directive speech acts identified include command, request, invitation, advice, and prohibition. Furthermore, regarding the effects of using directive speech acts in the study, three positive effects were found, such as the encouraging effect, the effect of hoping to follow, and the relieving effect.

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) for the Indonesian language faces significant challenges due to high Word Error Rate (WER), especially when using pre-trained models without fine-tuning. This study develops an optimized ASR system using a hybrid cloud architecture that integrates the Faster-Whisper large-v3 engine with advanced audio preprocessing techniques. The system adopts a distributed architecture, with Google Colab (Tesla T4, 15GB VRAM) as the GPU server and Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (8 core, 32GB RAM) as the client. Evaluation was conducted on five Indonesian audio samples covering formal news, informal conversations, and long-duration recordings. The system achieved an 80% success rate in processing, with WER ranging from 27.69% (formal news) to 645.16% (informal conversations). Resource utilization was also efficient, with 21.3% GPU usage and 35.4% RAM usage. Processing time remained stable for normal-sized files but experienced timeouts on large files (>50MB). The results indicate that hybrid cloud architecture is feasible for distributed ASR processing in Indonesian, with several areas still open for optimization toward production deployment.

The purpose of this research is to promote the active engagement of fourth-grade students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 4 Muaro Jambi in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning by using the discussion approach. The key issue addressed in this research is a low degree of student participation, as shown by their lack of bravery to ask and answer questions, as well as restricted contact throughout the learning process. This research adopts a Classroom Action Research (PTK) technique based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, with two cycles of preparation, action, observation, and reflection phases. The study included 27 pupils from Class IV A. Data collecting methods included observations, interviews, testing, and documentation. The study findings revealed a considerable increase in learning activities. In the first cycle, average student engagement varied between 52% and 56%, whereas in the second cycle, it jumped dramatically to 81% to 89%. This enhancement also had an influence on learning outcomes, as the class average score increased from 67 to 71, and the classical completion rate increased from 63% to 89%, surpassing the minimal criterion stipulated by the Learning Objective Completion Criteria (KKTP). As a result, it is possible to infer that using good conversation approaches improves student engagement and learning results in IPAS learning.

In Indonesia and many other EFL contexts, English is often taught in structured classroom settings that rely on scripted dialogues and controlled practice. This limits students’ exposure to spontaneous, real-life communication, reducing their ability to use English naturally and appropriately in authentic situations. This study investigates the pragmatic competence of Indonesian students during English interview interactions with foreign tourists, using Grice’s Cooperative Principle as the theoretical framework. Five video recordings were analyzed, featuring elementary and secondary students conducting unscripted interviews with tourists at Seminyak Beach, Bali. While the students generally demonstrated adequate grammatical control and vocabulary range, the findings reveal recurring challenges in sustaining natural and cooperative conversations. The most frequent violations involved the Maxims of Relation, Quantity, and Manner, with students often failing to respond appropriately to tourist answers, providing minimal elaboration, or speaking in unclear and disorganized ways. The results highlight the need for English language teaching to include explicit instruction in pragmatic skills, such as turn-taking, topic development, and interactional awareness.

This study aims to examine the realization of Grice’s cooperative principles in transactional speech acts between sellers and buyers at the Depo Air Minum Isi Ulang Sehat Lestari (Healthy Refill Drinking Water Depot). The cooperative principles consist of four maxims: quantity, quality, relevance, and manner. The research is motivated by the importance of effective communication in sales interactions, particularly to avoid misunderstandings in conveying intentions and information. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through participatory observation and recorded conversations. The findings indicate that all four maxims were naturally realized in daily interactions. Utterances such as “Mas, air satu” (“One gallon, please”), “Air galon segar loh” (“The water is fresh”), and “Tolong kirim air 10 galon” (“Please deliver 10 gallons”) reflect contextually appropriate and functionally effective applications of the maxims. Furthermore, the use of concise, clear, and straightforward speech structures shows that the cooperative principles are not only evident in content but also in the linguistic form used. These findings highlight that communication in micro-level services such as water refill depots tends to be pragmatic, efficient, and shaped by local social norms and contextual understanding.

This study examines the implementation of the Duolingo application in teaching English skills to eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Tasifeto Timur. With the increasing integration of technology in education, this research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Duolingo as a tool for enhancing language acquisition and engagementt among learners. Through a mixed-methods approach, the study analyzes student performance, engagement levels, and overall satisfaction with the application compared to traditional teaching methods. The results indicate a significant improvement in vocabulary retention, grammatical proficiency, and conversational skills among students utilizing Duolingo. Additionally, qualitative feedback highlights the app's user-friendly interface and gamified learning experience as motivating factors.

This study aims to analyze how everyday conversations can significantly improve early childhood speech. The main focus of this research is the importance of environmental stimulation and the quality of interaction between children and adults, such as parents and teachers, in the process of language development. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through direct observation and in-depth interviews with teachers and parents of early childhood. The results showed that daily interactions such as storytelling, question and answer activities, and structured games can significantly expand children's vocabulary, improve the sentence structure used, and increase children's confidence in communicating. Verbal activities that are carried out consistently and purposefully are proven to have a positive impact on the development of speaking skills. In conclusion, quality daily conversations play a central role in optimizing children's speaking skills from an early age, and are an important foundation for overall language development.

This study aims to examine the importance of environment and social interaction in supporting early childhood language development. The research was conducted on Jalan Perjuangan, Dalan Lidang Subdistrict, using a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving children aged 4–6 years, teachers, and parents. The findings reveal that a linguistically rich environment and active, positive social interactions both at home and in educational settings have a significant impact on children's language skills. Children raised in supportive environments and frequently engaged in conversations, cooperative play, and storytelling activities show better vocabulary growth, sentence structure development, and communication abilities. In conclusion, environment and social interaction play a vital role in shaping early childhood language competence and should be given serious attention by parents, educators, and the surrounding community.  

Language contact that occurs in a multilingual society causes various linguistic events. One of these linguistic events is the language shift that occurs among children in Bantik Sumoit Village. This study aims to describe how the Bantik language shift occurs, the factors causing the Bantik language shift, and efforts to overcome the Bantik language shift among children in Bantik Sumoit Village, Bolaang Timur District. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research type located in Bantik Sumoit Village, Bolaang Timur District. The data collection technique used is by listening to direct conversations from children while recording and noting important things during the interaction process. Then data analysis is carried out by transcribing, reading, selecting data, identifying data, grouping/classifying, and making conclusions. The results of the study show that the use of the Bantik language has experienced a significant shift which is marked by indicators such as the replacement of traditional languages ​​by other languages ​​and the emergence of an imbalance in its use. This indicator indicates that language shift occurs when the use of the first and second languages ​​becomes unbalanced. If this balance is lost, there are two possibilities that can occur. First, the first language persists despite the influence of the second language. Second, the first language is replaced by the second language until it is no longer used. This is influenced by a number of factors, namely education, socio-economic conditions, environment, and family. Efforts to overcome language shift include: adding Bantik language as a local content subject (mulok) in schools, the active role of parents in using regional languages ​​in the family environment, and increasing public awareness of the importance of preserving regional languages ​​in everyday life.    

This financial performance study is vital for responsible a corporation's financial success. The goal the purpose of this research is to discover and investigate the effects of excellent corporate governance and firm scope on financial results. The dependent variable analyzed in this study is financial results, with the independent factors being the following proportion of board members, management equity, institutional investment, audit board, and firm size. This study relies on secondary data. The population includes 196 manufacturing firms. This study also incorporated data from 38 manufacturing businesses publicly listen the samples, taken from the Indonesia Standard Conversation (IDX). Were chosen through a purposive sample method strategy, yielding 114 samples during a three-year period spanning 2021 to 2023. This research employed manifold reversion examination, which was carried out according to the findings of this study, which were analyzed by the SPSS (Arithmetical Creation then Facility Answers) appeal. The proportions of commission board, management equity, and institutional investment significantly affect the company’s financial results. These companies' financial performance, however, is unaffected by the audit board or company size.  

This research explores Ōta Shōgo’s The Water Station using a biographical lens, concentrating on three key aspects of absurdist theater: the Anti-Hero, Anti-Dialogue, and Anti-Climax. Breaking away from conventional storytelling methods, the play introduces a cast of anonymous characters who move gradually and silently across the stage, briefly stopping at a leaking water pipe. These characters represent the Anti-Hero—individuals lacking a distinct purpose, choice, or identity. The performance's lack of spoken words introduce a powerful Anti-Dialogue component, substituting conversation with silence and physical gestures, which symbolically mirrors the playwright’s experiences of trauma and disillusionment following the war. Moreover, the story does not follow a typical climax or conclusion, utilizing Anti-Climax to highlight the meaningless repetition inherent in human life. Through an examination of Ōta’s personal history—especially his experiences of displacement during World War II and his interest in the concepts of time, slowness, and stillness—this paper illustrates how these influences shaped the play's form and tone. The study emphasizes that non-Western absurdist art can arise from deeply personal and historical backgrounds. Ultimately, The Water Station creates a reflective theatrical experience where silence communicates more than spoken words, encouraging viewers to engage with the themes of emptiness, ambiguity, and the quiet beauty of existence.

The era of technological disruption, driven by the economic logic of "surveillance capitalism," has created a fragmenting digital architecture. The "filter bubble" or "echo chambers" mechanism algorithmically isolates individuals, exacerbated by a psychological condition of being "alone together" wherein individuals actively engage in a "flight from conversation." This convergence of algorithmic and psychological isolation has fueled an "age of outrage" and extreme social polarization. This crisis is fundamentally theological, as it reduces the dignity of the Imago Dei (image of God) to mere exploitable computational data. This research employs a qualitative library study method with a critical-analytical approach to analyze this phenomenon and propose a reconstruction of Christian leadership theology. This article argues that Christian leaders must develop a new theological competency termed "Digital Wisdom." This wisdom is rooted in a holistic theology that resists dualistic fragmentation. This reconstruction is embodied in the leader's role as spiritual (placing the Word of God as authority over algorithms), educational (building digital ethics and combating disinformation), integrity-based (rejecting partisan outrage), and humanistic (reaffirming the primacy of physical encounter and authentic relationship).

A good administrative system in admitting new students not only makes things easier for prospective students, but also increases the efficiency and effectiveness of the registration process. With a structured system, prospective students can register directly at the counter or via an online platform, which makes access easier and reduces waiting time1. This is in line with the need for institutions to adapt to the digital era and improve services to prospective students. However, this often happens in the process of accessing information and inputting data. Because some students are still searching for registration information at Pancasakti University manually, this will take time and energy. When Pancasakti University Tegal opened student registration, thousands of prospective Pancasakti University Tegal students and their parents contacted the administration of Pancasakti University Tegal with various questions about the registration process and requirements. Chatbots, as a technological innovation based on artificial intelligence, offer an efficient solution to this problem. Chatbot is AI software that can interact with humans via text or voice, simulate human conversation, and provide relevant responses..

This study investigates doctor–patient communication strategies in overcoming verbal and non-verbal language barriers within the Pain Clinic of RSUD Genteng Banyuwangi, a public hospital in East Java, Indonesia. Pain clinics pose unique communicative challenges, as patients often struggle to express their discomfort clearly due to limited health literacy, cultural norms, or emotional inhibitions. This research aims to identify and analyze the communicative methods employed by doctors to facilitate accurate information exchange and build therapeutic rapport with patients experiencing chronic pain. Utilizing a qualitative approach, this study applies Conversation Analysis (CA) to naturally occurring doctor–patient consultations recorded through non-intrusive video methods. Verbal and non-verbal interactions were transcribed and analyzed to uncover recurring communicative patterns. The data were interpreted through sociolinguistic and pragmatic lenses to account for the local language diversity and cultural context of Banyuwangi. Findings reveal that doctors employ multiple strategies to clarify meaning and adapt communication: repetition, strategic questioning, utterance correction, and linguistic adaptation. Additionally, doctors interpret and respond to patients' non-verbal cues, including vocal tone, facial expressions, and body gestures, to supplement incomplete verbal communication. These strategies not only enhance diagnostic accuracy but also promote empathy, trust, and patient-centered care. The study concludes that effective communication in pain clinics must account for linguistic diversity, cultural sensitivities, and emotional dynamics. Adaptive and empathetic communication fosters better understanding, reduces the risk of diagnostic error, and improves treatment outcomes. The findings offer practical implications for clinical training and healthcare policy, particularly in multicultural and linguistically diverse settings.

This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze the forms of diglossia that occur in Indonesian language speech at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Falah. This descriptive qualitative approach provides a view or picture of the description made to understand the phenomenon or problem in depth. The purpose of this study is to obtain the results of observations and observations regarding speech that refers to the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students through conversations with prepared data codes so that they can produce data input into written language. Through this study, the author hopes to provide new insights into the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students in High and Low speech.

This study examines how the actors’ linguistic backgrounds influence the pronunciation of Javanese dialect in Bayu Skak’s film Yowis Ben. Using a phonetic-phonological approach and performative analysis, this study explores how non-native Javanese actors pronounce typical Javanese dialect sounds in the context of film acting. Data were obtained through transcriptions of conversations in the film and observations of the actors’ performances, then analyzed to reveal the forms of phonological variation that emerged. The findings indicate that individual linguistic factors of the actors play an important role in determining the authenticity of dialect pronunciation. Non-Javanese actors tend to show symptoms of phonological interference, such as phoneme changes and intonation that do not conform to Javanese dialect patterns. However, intensive dialect training can help some actors approach more authentic pronunciation. The uniqueness of this study lies in its approach that combines phonological studies with performance analysis in films, and its focus on the use of dialect in cinematic contexts, not just everyday or formal communication. This study makes a significant contribution to the development of applied phonology and offers insights for the film industry that promotes local cultural values

This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze the forms of diglossia that occur in Indonesian language speech at Madrasah Aliyah Al-Falah. This descriptive qualitative approach provides a view or picture of the description made to understand the phenomenon or problem in depth. The purpose of this study is to obtain the results of observations and observations regarding speech that refers to the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students through conversations with prepared data codes so that they can produce data input into written language. Through this study, the author hopes to provide new insights into the diglossia of MA Al-Falah students in High and Low speech.

This study investigates conversational implicature in the 2024 animated film Inside Out 2 by analyzing characters’ utterances through the lens of Grice’s theory of implicature and cooperative principles. Conversational implicature refers to the implied meanings not directly expressed but inferred through contextual understanding. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, this study examines both particularized and generalized implicatures, drawing data from selected dialogues in the film and its official transcript. The emotional complexity of the movie—highlighted by the presence of characters such as Anxiety, Envy, and Embarrassment—provides rich ground for analyzing indirect communication. Findings show that from 28 data items, 25 are particularized implicatures and 3 are generalized. This distribution emphasizes a strong reliance on context-sensitive communication, where meaning emerges from emotional, psychological, and situational cues. Particularized implicatures often occur in emotionally charged interactions, reflecting the characters’ internal struggles and development, particularly Riley’s journey through adolescence. Generalized implicatures, though less frequent, serve to convey socially shared assumptions, enhancing audience understanding in broader, often humorous contexts. The analysis also highlights how the characters’ utterances align with Grice’s maxims. The maxim of relevance is maintained through contextually appropriate responses; the maxim of quantity appears when speakers provide adequate information; the maxim of quality surfaces through honest and sincere exchanges; and the maxim of manner is evident in clear, concise communication. Together, these implicatures and maxims enrich the film’s emotional depth and narrative subtlety.

The Baiq Nuril case is a clear reflection of the political problems of criminal law in Indonesia, especially in the context of protecting victims of sexual violence and the application of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (ITE Law). Baiq Nuril, a victim of verbal harassment by her superior, was criminalized through Article 27 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law after she recorded an obscene conversation as a form of self-protection. This research uses a normative juridical approach by analyzing relevant legal instruments and their application in the Baiq Nuril case. The results show that the use of the article contains structural bias and shows an imbalance of perspectives in the criminal justice system, which tends to ignore the position of victims as well as the social context and power relations that surround them. In addition, the article's multiple interpretations open space for criminalization of victims, especially women, instead of providing protection. This case emphasizes the importance of criminal law reform oriented towards substantive justice and in favor of victims, as well as the need to revise the ITE Law so that it does not become a tool of repression against vulnerable groups. The amnesty granted by the President to Baiq Nuril is a political corrective step, but has not touched the root of systemic problems in law enforcement that have not been in favor of victims of gender-based violence.