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This study aims to analyze the process of affixation, which is the addition of elements to the basic form of a word, in three languages: Indonesian, English, and Javanese. Affixation is one of the important morphological processes in the formation of words that reflects the structure and characteristics of each language. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach by utilizing speech from the three languages as comparative data. Data was collected through the listening method, which is by observing the use of language in various contexts, both oral and written, including excerpts from texts that contain language errors. The analysis was carried out on the basic forms of words that undergo the process of affixation, focusing on four types of affixes: prefixes (prefixes), infixes (inserts), suffixes (suffixes), and confixes (a combination of prefixes and suffixes). The results show that the three languages have a distinctive affixation pattern, although there are some similarities in the function and purpose of word formation. Indonesian and Javanese tend to have a more complex and productive attribution structure than English, which is more dominant in using suffixes in the formation of new words. This study also found that language errors in writing are often related to the use of affixes that are not in accordance with the morphological rules of each language. These findings show the importance of understanding the process of affixation in language learning and language competence development. By understanding the differences and similarities in the process of interlingual affixation, it is hoped that language learners and practitioners can improve the accuracy of word use and enrich cross-cultural linguistic insights.

Academic anxiety is a prevalent concern encountered by students before to examinations, which may adversely affect academic performance.  This article aims to illustrate successful approaches derived from the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach to mitigate students' academic anxiety.  The used process may include a literature evaluation by examining 20 relevant and cohesive periodicals.  The findings demonstrate that CBT therapies, including individual or group counselling, self-talk techniques, progressive muscle relaxation, and systematic desensitisation, are very successful in reducing student anxiety.  Cognitive Behavioural Therapy enables students to identify and modify negative thought patterns that provoke anxiety into more rational and adaptive thinking.  By implementing appropriate methods, students may prepare for examinations with more tranquilly and confidence.  This article is anticipated to be a valuable reference for school counsellors and educators in developing mental intervention programmes to enhance kids' overall well-being.    

Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their ability to face challenges and achieve goals. In guidance and counseling, self-efficacy is an important factor that affects individual development. One effective method to improve self-efficacy is group counseling with the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach. This approach focuses on changing negative thought patterns, increasing self-confidence, and strengthening individual skills through social support in groups. This study uses the literature review method to analyze the effectiveness of CBT-based group counseling in improving self-efficacy. The results showed that CBT-based group counseling provides a supportive environment for individuals to share experiences, obtain social support, and learn from other group members. Through this process, individuals can increase their self-confidence, develop social skills, and form a more positive mindset. In addition, CBT also helps individuals manage their emotions, cope with stress, and increase their resilience in facing life's challenges.    

This study comprehensively investigated the gap in English tense mastery among non-English students. Data were collected using a qualitative case study methodology from seven purposively selected informants through in-depth interviews and direct observation. Key findings reveal persistent challenges, including significant anxiety around using complex tenses, the widespread influence of mother tongue interference (given the absence of explicit tense conjugations in Indonesian), and the limited effectiveness of traditional non-contextual grammar teaching. The observations also highlight a critical gap: although students use digital devices extensively, their engagement with English content is minimal, directly contributing to lower writing and speaking practice assessment scores. Instead, the unexpected finding was the student's remarkable ability to internalize the 16th pattern of the English tenses through memorization in just thirty minutes. These insights underscore the urgent need for innovative, contextual, and confidence-building pedagogical strategies to bridge the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application, enhancing language acquisition and professional communication skills.

This study aims to determine the influence of leadership style and communication on employee performance at PT. Baby Bar Indonesia. The background of the research is based on the crucial role of leadership and communication in improving work effectiveness and organizational competitiveness amid globalization and technological advancement. This research employs a quantitative approach with an associative method. The population consists of all employees of PT. Baby Bar Indonesia, totaling 50 individuals, with a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews, and analyzed using validity tests, reliability tests, simple and multiple linear regression, as well as t-tests and F-tests. The results indicate that both leadership style and communication significantly influence employee performance, both partially and simultaneously. A participative leadership style and effective communication were found to enhance employee motivation and work productivity. The study recommends improving two-way communication patterns and implementing a more open and supportive leadership approach to optimize employee performance.

Stunting, also known as growth failure in children, is a condition caused by a child's nutritional needs not being met for a long time, specifically during the first 1,000 days of life. The first 1,000 days of life are the first 270 days (nine months) in the mother's womb plus the first 730 days (two years) of a baby's life after birth. Education is a learning process aimed at developing the potential or quality of thought patterns and knowledge of an individual or group. One of the goals of education is to increase public knowledge. The target group for the first 1,000 days of life is pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on pregnant women's knowledge about the first 1,000 days of life at the Tombulilato Community Health Center, Bone Raya District, Gorontalo City. The type of research used is Quasi Experiment with a two group pretest and posttest design approach. The sample in this study were 32 pregnant women in the intervention group and 32 in the control group. Data collection was done through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a paired T test with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and α <0.05. The results of the study showed that Educational Intervention had a significant effect on the knowledge of pregnant women (p = 0.000) in the First 1000 Days of Life in the Tombulilato Health Center area, Bone Raya District. It is hoped that more practical information will be provided to the community, especially prospective mothers, in preparing a quality next generation, especially in the First 1000 Days of Life. As well as optimizing Posyandu services, and involving the participation of families such as husbands and parents when socialization and information provision are carried out.

Introduction: Achieving carbon neutrality in industrial systems is essential for mitigating climate change and promoting sustainability. The increasing demand for energy optimization and carbon emission reduction has driven the development of advanced technologies, particularly hybrid machine learning (ML) models. These models, combining ensemble learning and reinforcement learning (RL), offer significant promise in optimizing industrial processes, reducing energy consumption, and improving environmental performance. This study explores the application of hybrid ML models in achieving carbon neutral goals through dynamic process optimization and energy control in industrial settings. Literature Review: Hybrid ML models integrate different machine learning techniques to handle complex and dynamic environments effectively. Ensemble learning methods, such as boosting, bagging, and stacking, combine multiple algorithms to improve predictive performance and robustness. Reinforcement learning (RL), on the other hand, enables real time decision making and adaptation based on trial and error interactions with the environment. In energy optimization, these models are used to reduce energy intensity and carbon emissions, enhancing overall operational efficiency. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ML models in energy management, but challenges such as data quality, model integration, and computational complexity remain. Materials and Method: The study applies hybrid ML models combining ensemble learning and RL to optimize energy consumption and minimize carbon emissions in industrial processes. Data from real time sensors and operational parameters are used to train the models. The ensemble learning component improves the accuracy of energy predictions, while RL ensures dynamic process adjustments in response to fluctuating energy demand. The models were tested in various industrial settings, including manufacturing processes, smart grids, and microgrid systems. Performance metrics such as energy efficiency, carbon emissions reduction, and operational costs were evaluated to assess the effectiveness of the models.  Results and Discussion: The hybrid ML models achieved significant reductions in energy intensity (15-20%) and carbon emissions (18-25%). The real time adaptability of the RL component allowed the models to adjust energy consumption patterns dynamically, improving energy efficiency and reducing waste. The models demonstrated their ability to adapt to varying operational conditions, ensuring optimal energy use. A cost-benefit analysis showed that the hybrid models provided substantial energy savings and reduced operational costs, with a return on investment (ROI) of 30-35% within the first year of deployment. However, challenges such as computational complexity and data quality issues were identified, highlighting the need for further refinement in model development.

The sustainable management of marine ecosystems and fishery resources is a primary goal of the SDGs (Goal 14). Supporting this objective requires the availability of a cold chain network, including ice factories, to preserve the quality and freshness of fish catches. In the southern coastal area of Sukabumi, particularly Ciwaru Village within the Ciletuh National Geopark, the availability of ice factories remains insufficient. Small fishing vessels (<5 GT) in this area require approximately 6 tons of ice per month. This study aims to design the production capacity of a portable mini ice factory to meet the local ice demand. By considering seasonal patterns, fishing volumes, and fluctuating ice needs, the factory is designed to produce around 788–798 tons of ice per year, with an ice storage capacity of 2 tons. The design utilizes 12 kg ice blocks, adjusted to the vessel sizes commonly used by local fishermen employing one-day fishing methods. The planning results indicate that the establishment of this mini ice factory can address the ice supply shortage in Ciwaru, support the maintenance of fish quality, and enhance the economic value of fishermen’s catches.

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of population mobility in Gorontalo Province, focusing on migration patterns, driving factors, and their impacts on regional development. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach based on secondary data from Long Form Sensus Penduduk 2020 and official publications from Badan Pusat Statistik. The findings reveal that Gorontalo City serves as the primary destination for in-migration, while Gorontalo Regency is the main source of out-migration. Economic motives dominate migration drivers, followed by educational and socio-familial factors. Migration contributes to economic growth in destination areas but also presents challenges such as infrastructure disparity and pressure on public services, especially in origin and emerging regions like Boalemo and Pohuwato. These findings highlight the importance of development planning that is responsive to population mobility dynamics to achieve inclusive and sustainable growth.

The prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in the Riau Islands is a concerning public health issue, with 18.7% of non-pregnant women reported to be affected. In Batam City specifically, 95 cases of undernutrition were recorded in 2024. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between food intake and the nutritional status of women of reproductive age experiencing CED. A descriptive correlational research design with a cross-sectional approach was employed. The study used total sampling, involving 31 women from the Batu Aji KUA in Batam. Data on food intake were collected and compared to recommended dietary standards. The findings indicated that a majority of women had food intake levels below the recommended daily allowance. Despite this, not all of the participants were found to be suffering from CED. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test revealed a significant association between food intake and nutritional status (p = 0.025, where α = 0.05), suggesting that food intake plays an influential role in determining nutritional outcomes. Furthermore, women whose food intake was lower than the recommended levels were found to have a 0.611 times greater risk of experiencing chronic energy deficiency. These findings emphasize the crucial role of adequate energy and nutrient intake, especially among women of reproductive age, in preventing CED and improving overall health. Improving food consumption patterns in this demographic is essential not only for individual well-being but also as a preventive measure to reduce the risk of stunting in future generations. The study underscores the need for targeted educational interventions to increase awareness about proper nutrition and energy intake among women, particularly those in reproductive age, as a strategy to address undernutrition and its broader public health consequences.

This study aims to analyze the use of implications and patterns of violations and compliance with the principle of Grice's cooperation in Prabowo Subianto's political speech. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data in the form of transcripts from the YouTube video "Closing of the Third Congress of the Nasdem Party" on August 25, 2024. Data collection was carried out using the free listening technique and the recording technique. The results of the study showed that in the political speech analyzed there were 39 implicit speeches, consisting of 16 conventional implicit speeches (41%) and 23 unconventional implicit speeches (59%). In addition, it was also found that S 37 maximum violations and 13 maximum compliance. The most dominant violations were the maximum quantity (43%), followed by the maximum quality (16%), the maximum relevance (22%), and the maximum method (19%). Meanwhile, compliance with the maxim occurred most in the maxim of quality (31%), followed by maxim of relevance (23%) and maxim of means (15%). These findings suggest that politicians often use communication strategies by providing exaggerated information, conveying implicit messages, or shifting the topic of conversation to shape an image and influence public opinion.

In this study, the population growth rate of Pematang Siantar City during the period 2022–2025 is discussed through an improper integral approach. Population growth patterns must be analyzed and predicted in the long term. Linear, geometric, and exponential growth models are used to analyze data taken from the Statistics Center. The calculation results show that the population growth rate changes every year, with an average change of 0.10% per year. The prediction for 2025–2026 shows a growth of 0.59%, indicating an increase in population. However, through an improper integral approach, it is found that a population that experiences a decrease in growth rate over time will reach a limited cumulative total population value, even if the population continues to increase. These results indicate that a long-term downward trend can lead to population shrinkage, uncontrolled growth can lead to population density. As a result, this study is expected to provide a scientific basis for population policies and sustainable development planning in Pematang Siantar City.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of professional ethics among public accountants in Indonesia, particularly when facing conflicts of interest. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and secondary data analysis from published cases, audit reports, and academic literature, the research identifies patterns and contributing factors to ethical violations. The findings show that most violations stem from compromised independence, external pressure from clients, and weak enforcement of professional standards. Despite existing ethical guidelines issued by professional bodies and regulators, public accountants still face challenges in upholding integrity when their professional responsibilities intersect with financial or relational interests. The study emphasizes the need for stronger supervision, continuous ethical training, and a more proactive role from professional organizations in promoting ethical conduct. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of ethical dilemmas in the public accounting profession and provides insights for improving ethical practices and oversight mechanisms in Indonesia.

The development of an Android mobile application for automatic cataract detection using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and TensorFlow has been conducted. The aim of this research is to provide an easily accessible solution for the public to detect cataracts early, thereby reducing the negative impact of this eye condition. The CNN method is utilized to recognize cataract patterns through image data, with TensorFlow serving as the primary development platform. Preprocessing steps and data processing are implemented to enhance the detection accuracy and address variations in eye images. Evaluation indicates that the application is capable of detecting cataracts with satisfactory accuracy, making it a potential tool for cataract prevention and early management. In conclusion, this application enables rapid and efficient cataract detection, improving the accessibility of eye care and contributing to enhancing overall quality of life for communities by providing early intervention and treatment options.

The majority of students tend to have irregular eating patterns and often consume unhealthy foods, resulting in nutritional problems such as malnutrition or overnutrition. Malnutrition makes the body more susceptible to infectious diseases, while overnutrition makes the body more susceptible to degenerative diseases. Nutritional status is basically determined by the amount of food consumed and how that food is processed in the body. This study aims to investigate the relationship between macronutrient intake and the nutritional status of female students in the Nutrition Study Program at Unesa. This study is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The respondents in this study were female students in the Nutrition Study Program at Unesa, namely the 2021, 2022, and 2023 cohorts, totaling 247 students. Nutritional status data were obtained from weight and height measurements, while macronutrient intake data were obtained from food consumption measurements using a 3x24-hour food record form. Data analysis in this study used the chi-square test. The results of the chi-square test showed that there was no relationship between carbohydrate intake, fat intake, and protein intake with the nutritional status of female students in the Nutrition Study Program at Unesa.

Background: Maternal nutritional status plays a crucial role in determining both maternal and neonatal health outcomes. According to data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health (2021), the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women reached 48.9%, while in Gorontalo Province, around 30% experienced malnutrition. Poor nutritional status during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of complications, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and higher maternal and neonatal mortality rates. Therefore, nutrition education is considered an essential strategy to enhance knowledge and promote adequate dietary intake among pregnant women.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education in improving the knowledge and nutritional status of pregnant women at the South Bulango Community Health Center. Methods: A quantitative study with a pre-experimental design was conducted involving 30 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria included women aged 18–35 years, free from severe comorbidities, and willing to participate. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess nutritional knowledge, interviews to explore dietary patterns, and anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon test to assess differences before and after the intervention. Results: Most participants were aged 20–35 years (66.6%), had secondary education (63.3%), and were housewives (60%). Post-intervention results showed a substantial increase in good nutritional knowledge from 13.3% to 60%. Nutritional status also improved progressively across trimesters, with normal MUAC increasing from 33.3% to 60%, while undernutrition declined from 50% to 13.3%. The Wilcoxon test indicated a significant difference (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Nutrition education effectively enhances both knowledge and nutritional status among pregnant women and should be integrated into routine antenatal care services.

This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the consequences of social marginalization on the mental health conditions of populations in Middle Eastern conflict zones, utilizing data from 2015 to 2024. Through a critical examination of 47 studies that met the inclusion criteria, a markedly high prevalence of mental disorders within this population was identified, namely post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at 42.8% (95% CI = 38.4–47.2), major depression at 37.6% (95% CI = 33.2–42.0), and generalized anxiety disorder at 35.3% (95% CI = 31.1–39.5). Furthermore, the results of the meta-analysis revealed a very strong and statistically significant correlation between social marginalization and the severity of mental health disorders (r = 0.73, p < 0.001), indicating that the more intensely an individual experiences various forms of social marginalization, the more severe the psychological disorders they endure. Moreover, the three most dominant determinants of social marginalization were identified as limited access to healthcare services (OR = 3.82, 95% CI = 3.14–4.50), the persistence of systemic discrimination (OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 2.87–4.03), and widespread social isolation (OR = 3.21, 95% CI = 2.66–3.76). These findings not only expand upon the prior research outcomes of Al-Krenawi and Graham (2009) and Amsalem et al. (2025), which were confined to the aspect of PTSD but also provide new empirical evidence concerning a broader spectrum of mental disorders as well as specific patterns of social marginalization within the conflict landscape of the Middle East. Finally, this study contributes significantly to the academic literature by elaborating on the complex interactive mechanisms between practices of social marginalization and mental health deterioration while offering a framework for community-based interventions that are responsive and adaptive to the socio-political conditions characteristic of Middle Eastern conflict zones.

The issue of adolescent anxiety has become a serious concern as it can hinder their psychological, social, and academic development. One approach that can be used in group counseling is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). This study aims to examine the effectiveness of applying Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in group counseling to address adolescent anxiety. The research uses a literature review method, focusing on the results of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) interventions in a group setting. The findings indicate that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective in reducing social anxiety, academic stress, and deviant behaviors. Techniques such as thought stopping, self-talk, and cognitive restructuring have proven to help change negative thought patterns into more adaptive or positive ones. In conclusion, group counseling based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an effective approach in helping adolescents manage anxiety in a healthy and productive way.    

This study aims to determine the effect of contextual learning models on monopoly media on the learning outcomes of 4th grade elementary school social studies students in introducing countries in the world. The use of contextual learning models using monopoly media can improve students' social studies learning outcomes, because students gain knowledge by developing and finding their own thought patterns. Through this contextual learning approach, real activities are prioritized so that students can find concepts in learning materials and connect these concepts to students' real-world lives. The research method used is a qualitative research and development method. This research method was chosen to produce certain products and test the effectiveness of these products. Based on the results of the study and discussion, it can be concluded that the use of contextual learning models using monopoly media can improve students' social studies learning outcomes IV. In monopoly media, critical thinking skills are trained in recognizing various countries in the world. These results indicate that there is a difference in the effect of implementing monopoly media and simply explaining by the teacher on students' learning outcomes. The results of the study can be concluded that the use of appropriate learning media by paying attention to the material and objectives to be achieved in the learning process.

This study aims to analyze the influence of ethnic relations on the political orientation of the community in Simpang Selayang Village, Medan City. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques applied include data reduction, data presentation, and data verification according to Miles and Huberman. This study focuses on two main problem formulations, namely the influence of ethnic relations on political issues and the influence of ethnic relations on political orientation. The results of the study indicate that ethnic identity plays an important role in determining individual political preferences. Ethnic identity serves as a frame of reference that guides political behavior, including in general elections and other political participation. Solidarity between ethnic groups often strengthens political support for candidates who have the same ethnic affiliation, creating a voting pattern that is strongly influenced by ethnic factors. The research findings also reveal that political issues that are relevant to the local community are influenced by the social and cultural context of each tribe. political programs that emphasize local economic development and preservation of tribal culture tend to get greater support. This suggests that understanding the socio-cultural context of ethnic groups is key to formulating effective and inclusive political policies. This study provides new insights into the dynamics of politics in a multi-ethnic society and emphasizes the importance of inclusive policies that take into account ethnic diversity to promote social harmony and political stability in Simpang Selayang Village.