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Love plays a central role in Christian moral theology as the fundamental principle guiding human moral decisions and actions. This study aims to examine the meaning, concept, and role of love in moral theology, as well as its practical application in Christian life. Employing a qualitative method with a literature review approach, this research explores theological perspectives, Scriptural foundations, and the moral implications of love within the Christian tradition. The findings show that moral theology is inseparable from the nature of God as Love, and that love is not merely an emotion but a deliberate moral act oriented toward the good of others. Christian love, understood as agape, represents the highest form of selfless and sacrificial love and becomes the normative basis for moral judgment. Love gives meaning and value to human moral actions, shapes ethical principles, and directs believers to live according to God’s will. In moral practice, love enables Christians to act justly, uphold human dignity, and build harmonious relationships with God, others, society, and creation. The study implies the need for strengthening love-based moral formation within the Church and society, especially amid modern challenges and the growing distortion of love among young people. Future research is recommended to expand on interdisciplinary studies and contextual applications of love in various socio-cultural and religious settings.

This study analyzes the role of women in sustaining social harmony and strengthening multicultural education within the multiethnic society of Singkawang through a critical literature review approach. By integrating the Feminist Peace Theory and Multicultural Education Theory, this research examines both national and international scholarly works that explore women’s contributions to peacebuilding and multicultural education in Southeast Asia. The review reveals that women serve as cultural mediators, peace educators, and social innovators through interethnic and interfaith engagements such as cultural festivals, interreligious forums, and community-based initiatives. Despite notable progress in promoting multicultural education in Singkawang, gender perspectives remain insufficiently integrated into educational practices. Through a synthesis of the reviewed literature, this study proposes a conceptual framework of Gendered Multicultural Peace Education (GMPE), comprising three interrelated dimensions: women’s empowerment in educational and social leadership, empathy-based interethnic learning, and the integration of gender equality into curricula and school culture. The model underscores the strategic role of women as transformative agents and peace educators in multiethnic societies. The findings provide significant implications for the development of gender-sensitive and inclusive educational policies in Indonesia

This community service program, entitled English for Global Communication: Strengthening Intercultural Competence among Polytechnic Students, was led by Doris Yolanda Saragih, S.Pd., M.Pd., in collaboration with Clementine and Josh, guest lecturers from the United Kingdom. The activity took place at Politeknik Bisnis Indonesia on September 1, 2025, involving 60 students across two interactive learning sessions. The program aimed to enhance students’ ability to communicate effectively in global settings by integrating language proficiency, cultural awareness, and practical communication strategies. The learning process applied a communicative and experiential approach, featuring discussions, simulations, and task-based learning to develop students’ speaking fluency, cross-cultural sensitivity, and confidence. The participation of native English speakers provided authentic exposure to international discourse and cultural perspectives, which enriched the overall learning experience. Evaluation results indicated a significant improvement in students’ oral communication skills, vocabulary use, and intercultural understanding. Furthermore, participants demonstrated higher motivation and readiness to apply English in academic and professional contexts. Overall, this community engagement initiative effectively contributed to enhancing global communication competence and supported the institution’s mission to cultivate globally competitive and culturally aware graduates.

This study aims to evaluate the influence of Green Finance, Profitability, and Capital Structure on Firm Value in the mining sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2019 to 2023. The research is motivated by the growing importance of sustainability and financial management strategies in enhancing corporate competitiveness in an increasingly globalized market. A quantitative approach was employed using multiple linear regression analysis, with 22 companies selected through purposive sampling. The findings indicate that, simultaneously, the three independent variables have a significant effect on firm value. Individually, Green Finance and Capital Structure have a positive and significant influence, while Profitability does not show a significant impact. Capital Structure is found to be the most dominant factor affecting firm value, followed by Green Finance. This suggests that companies with sound capital management and strong commitment to sustainability practices are more valued by the market. This research contributes to both theoretical and practical perspectives in financial management, particularly in understanding how financing strategies and sustainability efforts influence market valuation. The findings also recommend that mining companies strengthen their integration of ESG principles and enhance financial efficiency to support long-term value creation and competitiveness

In the context of accelerating global economic volatility, organizations are increasingly required to adopt agile business models that enable them to remain competitive and resilient. Although business agility has been extensively discussed from structural and technological perspectives, the strategic role of Human Resources (HR) in shaping agile organizations and addressing the future of work remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to examine how HR contributes to organizational adaptability and resilience in uncertain environments by aligning human capital practices with agile frameworks. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys and semi-structured interviews with HR leaders and employees in industries most exposed to economic disruption, including finance, technology, and manufacturing. The findings reveal four critical dimensions of HR’s role: workforce flexibility achieved through reskilling initiatives and adaptive work arrangements; agile leadership development to enhance decision-making under uncertainty; prioritization of employee well-being and engagement as foundations of organizational resilience; and digital HR transformation leveraging analytics and artificial intelligence to strengthen efficiency and collaboration. These findings validate and extend the existing literature, demonstrating that HR is not merely a supporting or administrative function but a strategic driver of agility. The study concludes that by embedding HR strategies into organizational agility frameworks, companies can better navigate economic turbulence, enhance workforce adaptability, and secure long-term competitiveness in the global market.

This study aims to examine Ibn Khaldun’s concept of character education and its relevance in shaping the personality of Generation Z in the digital era. The background of this research stems from the growing moral and social challenges faced by young people due to rapid technological advancement and the influence of globalization. This research employs a qualitative method using a library research approach by analyzing Ibn Khaldun’s works and related literature on Islamic character education. The findings reveal that Ibn Khaldun’s perspective on character education emphasizes the balance between ‘ilm (knowledge), adab (morality and ethics), and ‘ashabiyyah (social solidarity) as the foundation for forming a civilized individual. These values are highly relevant to be applied in modern education through teacher role modeling, habituation of positive behavior, and the integration of moral values into the curriculum. The implication of this study highlights that internalizing Ibn Khaldun’s principles of character education can serve as an effective strategy to develop a knowledgeable, ethical, and resilient generation capable of facing contemporary challenges.

This study aims to analyze the semantic shift in language within digital culture through the perspectives of linguistics and the philosophy of language. The focus of the study is directed toward the phenomenon of memes, emojis, abbreviations, and popular expressions that have rapidly developed on social media platforms and often deviate from their standard meanings. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method using content analysis combined with a philosophical literature review. Data were obtained from various digital platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter/X, as well as relevant academic sources. The results indicate that semantic shifts in digital language occur through patterns of meaning expansion, metaphorization, polysemy, and linguistic innovation. From the standpoint of the philosophy of language, these findings align with Wittgenstein's meaning is use theory and Austin's speech act theory, both of which emphasize that meaning is determined by the practical use of language and speech acts within social contexts. Thus, the changes in meaning in digital culture are not merely linguistic but also reflect the social, cultural, and technological dynamics that shape modern communication patterns.

This study discusses Ahmad Muhammad Mustain Nasoha’s perspective on Human Rights (HAM) and the Democratic Rule of Law, emphasizing the relationship between national law and Islamic law in ensuring human dignity and justice. Using a qualitative method and literature study approach, this research analyzes the interaction between citizenship, human rights, and democracy within Indonesia’s legal framework. The study reveals that both national and Islamic law aim to protect individual rights and maintain justice, though they differ in philosophical foundations and application. National law defines citizenship and human rights through constitutional and legal frameworks, while Islamic law bases them on divine principles emphasizing moral and social responsibility. The integration of these two legal systems is essential to realize a democratic state that upholds human values, social justice, and equality. The study concludes that harmonizing Islamic law with Indonesia’s national law strengthens the implementation of human rights and supports the development of a just and democratic legal state.

This research aims to analyze the alignment of Bank Jago’s digital banking innovations with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) during the 2022–2024 period. The method used is a qualitative descriptive analysis with a document study approach, which includes the Annual Report, Integrated Report, and Sustainability Report of Bank Jago over the past three years. The results of the study indicate that Bank Jago’s digital innovations are aligned with the five main dimensions of the SDGs: economic, social, governance, environmental, and partnership. From the economic perspective, digitalization has enhanced efficiency and financial performance through the growth of third-party funds and the expansion of access to digital services. In the social dimension, financial literacy programs, MSME financing, and digital zakat initiatives have strengthened financial inclusion among communities. The governance and environmental aspects demonstrate a commitment to transparency, energy efficiency, and green banking practices. Meanwhile, collaborations with fintech ecosystems and social institutions have reinforced sustainable partnerships. Overall, Bank Jago has implemented a digital transformation strategy aligned with the principles of Strategic Fit and Value Co-Creation, making digital innovation not only an instrument of economic growth but also a means to achieve sustainable development in Indonesia’s banking sector.

This study explores the intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI), agriculture, and decolonial philosophy, emphasizing the role of local knowledge as the foundation for sustainable agricultural technology in Indonesia. The research investigates how AI can be developed not as a tool of technological domination but as a dialogical partner that recognizes the epistemic value of indigenous wisdom. Using a mixed-method approach, the study combines algorithmic experiments applying lightweight Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with Explainable AI (XAI) methods such as SHAP and LIME with participatory interviews involving farmers in Bima District. Empirical findings show that models integrated with localized visualization and community-based interpretability improved user trust by 84% and reduced computational energy by 28% without compromising accuracy. More importantly, the interaction between AI and farmers revealed a form of epistemic integration where algorithmic logic aligns with traditional indicators, such as soil texture, humidity, and seasonal signs known to local farmers. Philosophically, this research asserts that sustainable AI should emerge from ecological and cultural contexts rather than imposing external frameworks. In the decolonial sense, it positions local farmers not as passive users but as active epistemic agents shaping the meaning of technology. Thus, AI becomes not only a technical instrument but a site of ethical and epistemic liberation that reaffirms human responsibility toward knowledge, culture, and the earth.

This study explores how resource-constrained small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia’s advertising sector adapt digital transformation strategies to achieve sustainable development. Using the case of Roxy Maharewa, an SME in Makassar–Gowa, the research examines strategic trade-offs between investing in advanced digital platforms and operationally transformative physical assets. Guided by the Resource-Based View, Strategic Trade-off Theory, and Contingency Theory, this qualitative case study employs semi-structured interviews with key decision-makers. Findings reveal that prioritizing high-capacity production equipment eliminated structural cost disadvantages from outsourced printing, enabling twice to fourth times potential profit margin gains and strengthening market competitiveness. Rather than adopting a fully digital-first approach, the firm employed a hybrid strategy leveraging low-cost digital tools for internal efficiency while maintaining offline relationship management to align with client preferences and infrastructural realities. This asset-led hybrid model demonstrates how SMEs in emerging markets can integrate selective digital adoption with tangible investments to achieve both rapid returns and long-term sustainability. The paper contributes to the discourse on digital transformation by providing a context-sensitive perspective for policymakers and practitioners, emphasizing that in heterogeneous digital readiness environments, blended strategies can deliver superior economic and social.

This study aims to determine the extent to which certain profitability ratios, such as ROA and ROE, influence bank health, moderating these variables using Good Corporate Governance reports. A quantitative approach is used in this study, and secondary data from previous years are required for testing, sourced from PT. BPR BKK Purwodadi's report data. These findings demonstrate that companies with high profitability have incentives to maintain bank health, as this reflects effective operational and managerial performance. Furthermore, organizations with good corporate governance (GCG) generally have greater resources and a robust organizational structure, providing them with more opportunities to maximize performance. This study is expected to provide new perspectives on bank health maintenance practices, particularly for business entities in the banking sector. Particularly in the strategically significant banking industry, the results of this study are crucial for authorities such as the Financial Services Authority (OJK) to understand the relationship between corporate profitability, good corporate governance (GCG), and bank health. This understanding helps in developing more appropriate policies to maintain economic stability and financial fairness. The emphasis on business entities in the regional government-owned banking sector (Perseroda) during 2020 to 2024, a dynamic period with economic fluctuations, banking policy transformations, and major geopolitical challenges, distinguishes this study.

This study aims to analyze the role of digitalization in driving social development in Indonesia through the perspective of development sociology. Digitalization has become a major force transforming social structures, values, and interaction patterns in societies worldwide. The results show that digital technology contributes significantly to increased social participation, economic empowerment, and equitable access to information. However, on the other hand, challenges arise in the form of a digital divide between urban and rural communities that can deepen social inequality. In the context of development sociology, digitalization is not only viewed as a technological process, but also as a social phenomenon that influences the dynamics of community life. Therefore, digital-based development must be directed inclusively so that all levels of society receive equal benefits. The government, educational institutions, and the community need to synergize in strengthening digital literacy and maintaining socio-cultural values ​​amidst the current of technological globalization. With a fair and participatory approach, digitalization can be an important means of strengthening social solidarity and realizing shared prosperity.

This study discusses the role of Christian ethics in shaping attitudes towards abortion in Indonesia, which has led to moral, social, and legal debates. The main issues examined are how the biblical view and Christian ethical teachings assess the act of abortion and how the attitude of the church and believers in responding to this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to understand theologically and ethically the position of the Christian faith on abortion, while offering a compassionate pastoral approach to women facing such moral dilemmas. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method, by examining various theological, social, and legal sources to describe in depth the views of Christian ethics on abortion. The results showed that in the view of Christian ethics, human life is a holy gift of God from the womb, so abortion is considered contrary to his will. However, the church and believers are called not only to reject abortion in a normative way, but also to provide mentoring, moral education, and spiritual support for those affected. This study confirms the importance of balance between truth and love in dealing with the issue of abortion as a concrete manifestation of the application of Christian ethics in society.

Civil relations are not limited to the national sphere, but can also transcend national borders. These relations have existed since ancient Greece and continue to develop today. These transnational relations can give rise to legal issues, such as whether the relationship truly falls within the scope of international relations, the laws that apply to the relationship, and how disputes are resolved using which legal system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Garuda vs. Rolls Royce case, which is part of international civil relations, raising the question of how this case can be included in the scope of international civil law studies and how one of the international conventions governing transnational civil law principles, namely UNIDROIT, can be applied. This study uses a normative approach that compares national and transnational legal systems to provide perspective on the case and a case approach that clearly explains the Garuda vs. Rolls Royce case, starting from the chronology and analyzing the case from the perspective of international civil law principles The results of this study found that this case falls under the scope of international civil law, where international civil law principles such as UNIDROIT can be applied in order to make progressive legal changes in regulating international civil relations to ensure legal protection and certainty for legal subjects. The implications of this research can be a catalyst for progressive legal changes in regulating international civil relations to ensure legal protection and certainty for legal subjects.

This study aims to reflect on the Islamic business ethics values contained in QS Al-Jumu’ah verses 9–10 and their relevance in fraud prevention from the perspective of Sharia accounting. Fraudulent actions in business, such as falsifying financial reports and arranging transactions, are very dangerous issues because they undermine the economic system as a whole. This study uses a literature research method with a thematic interpretation (tafsir maudhu’i) approach to understand the meaning of Surah Al-Jumu’ah verses 9 to 10, as well as analyze scholarly works related to Sharia accounting and Islamic business ethics. The results of the study indicate that these verses provide ethical guidance that balances the obligation to worship with economic activities, so that every business transaction must be based on principles of honesty, transparency, trustworthiness, and responsibility. The integration of the values contained in the Qur’an is very important in preventing fraudulent actions because it shapes. The awareness that Allah always watches over all human actions. This study contributes theoretically by strengthening the literature on Sharia accounting based on Islamic values, and practically provides guidance for business practitioners and accountants in building a fair, honest, and integrity-driven trade system. Keywords: Sharia Accounting, QS Al-Jumu'ah Verses 9-10, Fraud, Islamic Business Ethics.

The development of artificial intelligence capabilities has the potential to facilitate the implementation of preventive measures. In order to mitigate potential risks, this study seeks to examine the legal status of artificial intelligence in Indonesia. The potential for artificial intelligence to function as both the subject and object of law is a salient factor in this analysis. The methodological approach employed is of a normative or doctrinal nature, emphasizing a comprehensive examination of the legal perspective on artificial intelligence. This study encompasses the objectives of progressive legal theory, the theory of legal subjects and objects, and the legal norms that apply in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that in Indonesia, the prevailing legal framework regarding artificial intelligence (AI) currently categorizes it as an object of law. This implies that the owner, developer, and user of AI bear full responsibility for any consequences that may arise from its use. Advances in technology have led to the development of artificial intelligence capable of performing legal actions that were previously exclusive to humans. Consequently, the establishment of specific regulations pertaining to artificial intelligence is imperative to ensure legal certainty in the future.

Indonesia’s diversity in ethnicity, culture, religion, and language demands an approach that can simultaneously address intellectual, spiritual, and national dimensions. The integration of philosophy, Pancasila, and theology becomes essential in responding to this complex reality. Philosophy strengthens critical and reflective thinking, helping individuals interpret differences with awareness and avoid hasty judgments, which is crucial in reducing social tension and fostering dialogue. Pancasila, as the nation’s ideological foundation, provides an ethical-political framework that guarantees unity, freedom, and justice for all citizens regardless of background. Theology complements these foundations by offering transcendental ethics and spiritual guidance that shape compassionate attitudes toward others and the environment. A contextual and inclusive theological perspective supports religion’s role as a source of enlightenment and encourages interfaith solidarity in a pluralistic society. When these three elements are integrated into education, public policy, and social culture, they help form a society that is intellectually critical, socially inclusive, and spiritually resilient. Core values such as empathy, justice, equality, and shared responsibility can develop more strongly in daily interactions. Although challenges such as identity crises, misinformation, and online intolerance remain, collaboration between the state and civil society is needed to maintain an inclusive public sphere. Through strengthening philosophical education, deepening appreciation of Pancasila, and advancing contextual theology, Indonesia can build a just and harmonious society.

This study is motivated by the negative perception among some Christians who regard philosophy as a threat to faith and theology, even believing that it can undermine conviction and reduce the truth of Scripture. Using a qualitative research method based on a literature study that collects and analyzes various relevant sources, this research aims to re-examine the relationship between philosophy, theology, and Christian Religious Education, as well as to explore the constructive role of philosophy in enriching the understanding of faith. The findings reveal that philosophy functions as a preparation evangelica - a “rational foundation that prepares one to receive faith” - rather than as an antagonist. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that the integration of philosophy and theology produces a critical and reflective educational approach that deepens the knowledge of God and fosters a dynamic Christian Religious Education. Thus, this research offers a new perspective that reconciles philosophy and faith, and recommends ongoing dialogue between the two for the advancement of theology and Christian education.

Research at Diponegoro University found that 66.7% of 63 respondents experienced neck pain due to using a laptop for more than 4 hours. Prolonged laptop use can negatively impact health from an ergonomic perspective, as the recommended maximum usage is 2 hours per day. However, students often maintain non-ergonomic positions for extended periods. This study aimed to determine the relationship between laptop use and neck pain among Diploma Three Nursing Students at Abulyatama University, Aceh. The research utilized an analytical, cross-sectional design, with a population of 556 students and a sample of 85 students, selected through purposive random sampling. The research was conducted at Abulyatama University from May 15 to June 2, 2025, and data was collected using a questionnaire with a Numeric Rating Scale. Analysis involved both univariate and bivariate methods using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that among 85 respondents, 44 (95.7%) experienced moderate pain, 8 (40.0%) had mild pain, and 8 (42.1%) reported severe pain. Statistical analysis indicated a significant correlation (p=0.000) between laptop use and neck pain. In conclusion, there is a strong relationship between laptop use and complaints of neck pain among university students. The research is expected to raise student awareness about the health risks associated with prolonged and improper laptop use, encourage better posture, and serve as a reference about limiting laptop use and improving ergonomics.