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This research aims to improve the speaking skills of class X.1 students at MA Muhammadiyah Sombala Bella, Takalar Regency through the Student Facilitator and Explaining model. The subjects of this research were 30 students in class The results of the research showed that there was an increase in students' speaking skills from cycle I to cycle II, namely an increase in the number of students listening to the teacher's explanation, collaborating in groups, asking questions and providing responses. Student evaluation results also experienced an increase, namely the average score obtained in cycle I was 56.66 and in cycle II was 86.66. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the speaking ability of class X.1 students at MA Muhammadiyah Sombala Bella, Takalar Regency through the Student Facilitator and Explaining Model has increased. It is hoped that other researchers in the field of education, especially Indonesian language education, can research further on effective and efficient models for improving students' speaking skills.

Background Development of growth and development can be done by providing stimulation and early detection of the baby's growth and development during the "golden age" by providing adequate early stimulation to stimulate the brain and development of movement, speech and language as well as socialization and independence of the baby so that it is optimal according to its age.( Uli, 2019. The aim of this community service program (PKM) is to increase the implementation of effective and family communication towards preventing speech delay in toddlers in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province in 2024. The methods used include 1) identifying toddlers about Speech Delay); 2) preparation of materials and steps for implementing effective and family communication towards preventing speech delay in toddlers); 3) implementation of education on the Implementation of Effective Communication and Family towards Prevention of Speech Delay in Toddlers). Results Based on the results of implementing community service for toddlers in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, there are a total of 19 toddlers, where the majority are 1-3 years old, 10 toddlers (53%), 3-5 years old, 9 toddlers (43%). %), all parents are enthusiastic about implementing effective and family communication towards preventing speech delay in toddlers

This study examines the relationship between self regulated learning (SRL) strategies and academic motivation among students engaged in online language education, with a particular focus on how cultural diversity influences these factors. SRL strategies, such as goal setting, self monitoring, and time management, are crucial for maintaining motivation and improving learning outcomes, especially in online settings that require high levels of student autonomy. The study found a strong positive correlation between intrinsic motivation and the use of SRL strategies. Students who were intrinsically motivated to learn demonstrated better use of SRL strategies, leading to improved academic performance. Furthermore, the study explored how cultural diversity impacted the application of SRL strategies, revealing that students from collectivist cultures often emphasized collaboration and effort, while students from individualistic cultures focused more on autonomy and personal achievement. These cultural differences influenced how students engaged with SRL strategies and maintained their motivation throughout their online language courses. The findings underscore the importance of considering cultural diversity when designing online language education programs. Culturally responsive teaching practices that acknowledge students' cultural backgrounds can enhance motivation, foster better use of SRL strategies, and improve learning outcomes in diverse online classrooms. The study highlights the need for further research that explores the interaction between different cultural groups, expands sample sizes, and investigates other motivational factors, such as self efficacy and achievement goals, to develop more effective and inclusive online language education strategies.  

This study explores the influence of teachers' pedagogical beliefs on the integration of technology in language education. Teachers' beliefs significantly impact their technology adoption and how it is utilized in the classroom, shaping the learning experiences of students. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with classroom observations to examine the relationship between teachers’ beliefs and their use of technology in language education settings. The findings reveal that teachers with constructivist beliefs, which emphasize active, student-centered learning, are more likely to integrate technology in ways that support engagement, collaboration, and critical thinking. In contrast, teachers with traditional, teacher-centered beliefs are more likely to use technology primarily for content delivery and repetition, limiting its potential to foster interactive and student-driven learning environments. The study also highlights the gap between teachers' positive beliefs about technology and their actual practices, which are often hindered by external barriers such as lack of training, resources, and institutional support. The research suggests that professional development programs should address both pedagogical beliefs and technological competencies to facilitate successful technology integration. Furthermore, the study calls for future research to explore how specific pedagogical models, like constructivism, can be further aligned with technology integration to improve learning outcomes. The research also emphasizes the need for longitudinal studies to understand the evolution of teachers' beliefs and their impact on technology use in language education.

This study examines the integration of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) into language learning and its effects on secondary school students' intercultural sensitivity, global perspectives, and critical thinking. As globalization expands, education systems must not only develop linguistic skills but also prepare students to engage with global challenges and diverse cultures. A mixed methods approach was used, incorporating surveys, reflective journals, and classroom observations to assess how GCE influences students' understanding of global issues and cultural diversity. Results show that GCE integration significantly enhances students' intercultural sensitivity and global awareness, equipping them to navigate cross-cultural interactions. Students also demonstrated improved critical thinking skills, especially in analyzing global issues and engaging with intercultural viewpoints. The study emphasizes the importance of collaborative learning, such as Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL), in fostering intercultural empathy and global citizenship skills. It suggests that language educators should integrate GCE themes to develop globally conscious and interculturally aware students. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of GCE on language learners and its application in various educational settings. By providing students with the tools to tackle global challenges, GCE can play a crucial role in shaping responsible, globally aware citizens.

In the 21st century, the acquisition of English as a second language is very important for a group of children in Walal Village who are currently studying at elementary school. This is useful for supporting 6 skills of 21st century education, namely critical thinking, communication, creativity, collaboration, culture and connectivity. Walal Village is one of the model villages in Sorong Regency which has a high enthusiasm for creating the latest breakthroughs, especially in the field of education. Walal Village is located in Salawati District which must be traveled 35 kilometers from Sorong City. Thus, access to information related to education is very limited for children in Walal Village. In this case, students of the Community Service Lecture (KPM) at the Muhammadiyah Sorong Education University provided one month of English literacy assistance for the children of Kampung Walal community. The aim of this assistance is an effort to empower Human Resources (HR) through a community empowerment program for English language learning guidance.  This English literacy assistance is very important to provide to Walal Village children who are already aware of the importance of English around them. This program is also related to the description of the Walal Village Government's vision and mission in developing human resources in terms of quality education. English literacy assistance includes acquiring English, processing language in the form of remembering and memorizing words or terms, and understanding meanings that can be applied to listening, reading, speaking and writing skill activities. The efforts of this English literacy assistance are to change the mindset of the children of Walal Village that learning English is fun, regardless of age, and affordable. In fact, through mentoring, children in Walal Village experience changes in knowledge and attitudes during the English literacy process.

This study investigates the alignment between global competency frameworks and local educational practices, particularly in multilingual classrooms. With globalization influencing education, acquiring skills like intercultural communication and global citizenship is vital. However, integrating these competencies into local curricula remains inconsistent, especially in multilingual settings, where linguistic and cultural diversity pose challenges. Using qualitative methods such as curriculum mapping, teacher interviews, and classroom observations, the study identifies areas of alignment and misalignment. While global competencies are integrated into subjects like social studies and global health education, technical subjects like mathematics and science show less alignment. The study also highlights gaps in the development of intercultural competence and global communication skills, which are often underrepresented. Challenges like language barriers, the monolingual habitus of many schools, and limited professional development for teachers in multilingual contexts hinder the full implementation of global competencies. The study recommends improving curriculum integration of global competencies across all subjects and enhancing teacher training to support multilingual classrooms. Future research should explore regional variations in multilingual settings and how technology can aid in developing global competencies. Addressing these challenges will better prepare students for both local and global challenges in an interconnected world.

Balinese paribasa is used to beautify and sweeten various Balinese discourses including Balinese short stories. In addition, Balinese paribasa is also used to reveal the values of education, morals, and social criticism in Balinese short stories that can be used as a guideline in life. Therefore, the researcher is interested in researching Balinese paribasa in the short story Begal by I D. K. Raka Kusuma. The theoretical foundations used in this study are Balinese paribasa theory, Balinese short stories, meaning theory and function theory. This research is a qualitative research, using library study and interview methods, supported by the technique of reading, recording, and listening. The data analysis of this study uses the descriptive method of analysis. The presentation of the data uses an informal method, namely presentation with words and sentences The results of this research show: (1) there are seven types of Balinese paribasa in the short story Begal by I D. K. Raka Kusuma, (2) there are four meanings and four functions of Balinese paribasa in the short story Begal by I D. K. Raka Kusuma, (3) there is a relevance of the short story Begal by I D. K. Raka Kusuma with the teaching of the Balinese language, especially Balinese paribasa in class X and class XI at the high school education level. Based on this conclusion, it is suggested that connoisseurs of Balinese short story literature can understand more deeply the action only to the type, meaning, and function but can be applied in daily life

This research examines the optimization of brain plasticity in Arabic language learning through a neurolinguistic approach, using a literature review method. Brain plasticity, the brain's ability to adapt and change through learning and experiences, plays a crucial role in language acquisition. Neurolinguistic approaches, which integrate techniques such as task-based learning and the use of educational technology, have proven effective in enhancing language learning outcomes. Literature analysis indicates that learning techniques involving various sensory modalities and educational technology can stimulate new neural pathways, strengthening language comprehension and memory. Studies focused on Arabic language learning highlight that traditional approaches are less effective compared to more interactive and communicative methods. The use of technology such as mobile applications and augmented reality provides a dynamic and engaging learning experience for students. Practical recommendations include developing more interactive curricula, utilizing educational technology, and training educators in neurolinguistic techniques. This research emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to enhance the effectiveness of Arabic language learning, providing insights and strategies to optimize language learning through a better understanding of brain plasticity and neurolinguistics.

This research examines the optimization of brain plasticity in Arabic language learning through a neurolinguistic approach, using a literature review method. Brain plasticity, the brain's ability to adapt and change through learning and experiences, plays a crucial role in language acquisition. Neurolinguistic approaches, which integrate techniques such as task-based learning and the use of educational technology, have proven effective in enhancing language learning outcomes. Literature analysis indicates that learning techniques involving various sensory modalities and educational technology can stimulate new neural pathways, strengthening language comprehension and memory. Studies focused on Arabic language learning highlight that traditional approaches are less effective compared to more interactive and communicative methods. The use of technology such as mobile applications and augmented reality provides a dynamic and engaging learning experience for students. Practical recommendations include developing more interactive curricula, utilizing educational technology, and training educators in neurolinguistic techniques. This research emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to enhance the effectiveness of Arabic language learning, providing insights and strategies to optimize language learning through a better understanding of brain plasticity and neurolinguistics.

This study examines the importance of structural analysis in understanding the depth of a literary work, particularly the drama script "Bila Malam Bertambah Malam" by Putu Wijaya. Through a systematic approach, this research identifies and analyzes intrinsic elements such as theme, plot, characters, setting, language style, dialogue, and message in the drama script. The method of structural analysis is employed to comprehend how these elements interact and contribute to the overall meaning of the literary work. The findings of this research reveal the complexity of the messages conveyed by Putu Wijaya, especially concerning social class issues and the conflict between love and traditional norms. The research findings can serve as a useful reference source in Indonesian language learning at the high school level, enriching the understanding of literature, and contributing to the development of Indonesian literary studies. Although structural analysis provides a deep understanding of the literary work, there is still room for further research to comprehend other aspects of the drama script and its implications in the context of literature and literary education.

This research intended to describe langue often used by students, by describing the form of diglossia and describing the trigger factors. This type of research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. The object of the research is student conversations from linguistic activities in the campus environment. Data collection uses observation, interviews and documentation methods accompanied by recording tools. The results of the research show that Siliwangi University Indonesian Language Education students use more than one language. The results showed that students used variations of T and R diglossia in their conversations, especially in the use of Sundanese and Indonesian. Diglossia found in students is caused by several factors such as bilingualism, situation, and prestige.

This study investigates the impact of introducing the basics of English morphology to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. Morphology, the study of word formation and structure, is fundamental to understanding and mastering any language. The research focuses on how foundational knowledge of English morphology influences EFL students' language acquisition and proficiency. By incorporating morphological instruction into the curriculum, students can enhance their vocabulary, improve their reading comprehension, and develop a deeper understanding of grammatical structures. The study involved a group of EFL students who received systematic instruction in morphology, including the identification and usage of roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Pre- and post-tests were administered to measure the student's progress. The results indicated a significant improvement in the student's linguistic skills, particularly their ability to decode and construct words and overall language comprehension. The findings suggest that integrating morphology into EFL teaching strategies can provide substantial benefits, facilitating more effective language learning and boosting students' confidence in English. This research underscores the importance of morphological awareness in EFL education and offers practical implications for educators aiming to enhance their teaching methods to support student success in acquiring English.

This research describes the application of collaborative learning in Indonesian language courses at universities, identifies its benefits, and identifies the challenges faced in its implementation. This research also aims to formulate solutions that can overcome these challenges, thereby strengthening the effectiveness and success of collaborative learning in the context of teaching Indonesian in higher education. Based on the results and discussion, the conclusion that can be drawn is that collaborative learning has a strong theoretical basis from social constructivism, constructivism, social learning, and cooperative theory (Vygotsky, Piaget, Bandura, Johnson & Johnson). The implementation of collaborative learning provides significant benefits for students and lecturers, including increased motivation, material knowledge, engagement, and better interpersonal relationships. Effective implementation strategies include clarifying learning objectives, forming effective groups, providing structured assignments, facilitating interaction, and providing fair assessments. Further training and provision is needed for students and lecturers in implementing collaborative learning effectively. The development of assessment instruments that are more detailed and sensitive to individual contributions in the group can increase the objectivity of the assessment. Further research is needed to identify more efficient strategies for overcoming challenges in collaborative learning. Stronger support from universities in providing the training and resources needed to optimize the implementation of collaborative learning models  

This research aims to describe the language used by students in the campus environment, both the spoken language used by students outside of learning hours and the spoken language used when students present in front of their class. The sample for this research was all class A students of the Indonesian Language Education Department, Semester IV, Siliwangi University. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Where researchers carry out studies first, so that they can provide relevant images. This research uses three stages, namely data collection, data analysis, and data presentation. Data collection was carried out by observing students who were chatting with their friends during break time, and comparing it with the spoken language used by students when they were presenting. Then researchers can analyze this phenomenon by finding out the factors that cause diglossia, the characteristics of diglossia situations, and the influence of diglossia on learning. In this study, researchers can describe the results of the discussion regarding the influence of diglossia on education, whether it has a positive effect or a negative effect.

This research aims to develop and apply a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm to detect handwritten Roman numerals. Handwriting recognition is a classic challenge in the fields of image processing and machine learning, especially for less common characters such as Roman numerals. In this research, we use data augmentation techniques to increase the diversity and number of datasets used in model training, which is expected to increase model accuracy and generalization. The dataset used consists of 1,120 images for testing and 280 images for validation, each of which is divided into 14 classes of Roman numerals I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, L, C, D , and M. Image data was created directly using simple software, namely Paint version 6.3. This research uses the Python programming language and Google Colab as a computing platform. Model training was carried out for 300 epochs and showed significant accuracy in the 150th to 300th iteration. The results at the 300th epoch show an accuracy of 0.9607 and a loss of 0.1162. The implementation of this algorithm shows significant potential in practical applications, such as in the fields of education and historical documentation. The conclusion of this research is that data augmentation is an effective technique to improve the performance of CNN models in detecting handwritten Roman numerals.

The focus of this research is to investigate the influence of visual learning media on students' Indonesian language learning outcomes. The aim is to reveal the use of YouTube as an Indonesian language learning tool, explore students' perceptions of using Kahoot (a game-based learning application), describe the impact of using Quizizz on student motivation and learning outcomes, and analyze the e-learning learning process via the Edmodo platform in subjects Indonesian. It is also believed that the use of this media can increase students' interest in reading and stimulate the development of their ideas. With stimulated ideas, students' thinking abilities, especially higher level thinking, can be improved directly. In this rapidly developing era, the role of teachers is increasingly vital in the world of education. They are expected to actively develop insight and skills, including in the use of learning media. Visual media is an effective tool in learning, helping students understand the material better. Therefore, it is important for teachers to continue to innovate in creating learning media that suits the needs of the subjects being taught, in order to increase learning effectiveness and student engagement.

Discussing calligraphy as an Islamic artwork is very interesting because it displays the beauty and meaning of each stroke of the letters, especially in the Qur'an. Calligraphy is a visual and correspondence skill. It also helps to learn and understand the Arabic language. Arabic is essential to the teaching of Islam as it serves as a way to convey strictly and paves the way for Islamic history and scholarly works. The subjective differentiation strategy was used in this study to examine the relationship between the excellence of students in Arabic language education at Imam Bonjol State Islamic University Padang West Sumatra and their ability to compose Arabic and calligraphy as an improvement in learning, which allows them to concentrate on culture and expression related to Arabic. The consequences of this study indicate that interest in calligraphy as a whole has an impact on students' Arabic composing ability and aptitude. Students who have both interests and abilities will generally get greater help from others, but students who are basically interested need greater help. This study shows how important calligraphy is to further develop Arabic composing ability and demonstrates the work of the contrasting supporting elements of interest and ability.

Language is a communication tool used by humans to convey thoughts, feelings and ideas. In the world of education, use of good language can help students to understand the material easily. This study aims to determine the role of KBBI in influencing the improvement of students language quality. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, this research was conducted 36 respondents of high school students and students who are undergraduate education. The results show that although many were initially unfamiliar with KBBI, academic needs encourage them to use it, usually they access the KBBI through applications and websites. KBBI helps in improving language understanding, enriching vocabulary and can develop good and correct language skills. KBBI should be introduced early in the curriculum to cultivate literacy and improve language qualitu.

This article underlines the significance of teaching the English language to raise awareness of women's empowerment. It explores beyond the basic understanding of language proficiency to educate on gender issues and encourage progressive action. By reviewing the literature, the article identifies effective teaching strategies for discussing women's empowerment issues in the context of English language learning. This article aims to contribute to raising social awareness and inspire concrete actions towards achieving gender equality. In an increasingly complex and globalized society, understanding the importance of women's role in development is critical to achieving sustainable and inclusive development.