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Culture plays an important role in developing students' character and improving students' literacy, especially in the digital era that reflects the 21st century. This study aims to investigate the role of school culture in fostering student character and literary development through the study of literature. The data summary consists of several articles selected using a selection process of 20 articles selected using the Publish or Perish tool. The findings of the analysis show that a school culture based on religious values and literacy is able to create a conducive and inclusive learning environment. Programs such as congregational prayer, tadarus, library optimization and community-based activities provide significant support in improving students' discipline, responsibility and literacy skills. However, the research results are based on school leadership, community involvement and policy support. This highlights the importance of holistic education in creating a school culture that is in line with globalization and digitalization trends. The findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach in building a school culture that is relevant to the challenges of globalization and digitalization. This research makes theoretical and practical contributions to designing educational strategies that focus on strengthening school culture.

Effective educational planning requires a data-driven approach to optimize time, resources, and decision-making. Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is a project management method that can support this, especially in large-scale educational projects. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PERT in educational planning, with a focus on time optimization, resource efficiency, and data-based decision-making. The method used is a literature study, by reviewing various library sources such as journals, books, and research reports. The results of the study indicate that PERT is able to reduce project implementation time, improve resource efficiency and PERT supports data-based decision-making. In conclusion, PERT is an effective method to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of educational planning. Successful implementation requires training, technology support, and good coordination between stakeholders.

The shopping experience through e-commerce applications is now increasingly the main choice of consumers in the digital era. This article discusses approaches and strategies to optimize the user shopping experience on e-commerce platforms. User experience optimization is carried out through various aspects, such as personalization, ease of navigation, transaction security, and the integration of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and data-driven recommendations. By providing a more personalized and efficient shopping experience, e-commerce applications are expected to increase customer loyalty, increase conversions, and strengthen competitiveness in an increasingly competitive market. Technology implementation recommendations and intuitive interface design are included to provide practical guidance for e-commerce app developers. Qualitative methods are research approaches that focus more on an in-depth understanding of the various aspects and contexts involved in a phenomenon. In the context of Optimizing the shopping experience with e-commerce apps, qualitative methods can help you understand social factors, consumer behavior, and issues that may not be visible in quantitative data. The qualitative method will help with an in-depth understanding of how to optimize the shopping experience with e-commerce apps and understand qualitative aspects that may not be seen in quantitative research.

This research aims to identify and analyze digital marketing strategies that are effective in increasing product sales in the online market. The research methods used include actor surveys of local businesses, and data analysis from digital platforms. Research results show that the use of social media, search engine optimization and content marketing play an important role in expanding market reach and attracting potential customers. Integrating e-commerce with digital marketing strategies such as paid advertising (PPC), email marketing, and influencer marketing has also proven effective in increasing sales. And the use of platforms such as Instagram, Shopee, TikTok has also been proven to increase sales in this digital era

The Sutami Hydroelectric Power Plant managed by PLN Nusantara Power UP Brantas is one of the power plants that relies on air resources to generate electricity. However, the optimization of electricity production can still be improved by considering the availability of primary energy and the interests of related stakeholders. This study aims to create a simulation of operating patterns to optimize the daily electricity production of the Sutami Hydroelectric Power Plant using the MS Excel Solver program. The total electrical energy in March based on the results of the simulation calculation was 56,537,445.55 MWh, 3.09% greater than the actual data of 54,792,800 MWh. The results of the simulation calculation of electricity production in June 2024 were 27,564,315.75 MWh, 3.82% greater than the actual data of 26,511,800 MWh. In FDC 2014-2023, the average mainstay discharge is 32 m3/s available throughout the year to be utilized by water turbines to produce a minimum power of 20 MW. Meanwhile, from the estimated historical data obtained by FDC 2024-2033 with an average mainstay discharge of 40.68 m3/s to produce a minimum power of 30 MW.

This research aims to analyze effective digital marketing strategies in increasing sales of bag products on e-commerce platforms. In the digital era, the use of technology and online platforms is the main key for business actors to reach a wider range of consumers. This study identified various digital marketing techniques such as search engine optimization (SEO), marketing via social media, paid advertising (PPC), content marketing, as well as the use of influencer marketing. Additionally, data-driven personalization strategies and consumer behavior analysis are also discussed to improve customer experience and sales conversion. The combination of an attractive content strategy, use of data analytics technology, and consistent interaction with consumers can have a positive impact on sales of bag products on e-commerce platforms. These findings provide guidance for business actors in designing more effective and targeted digital campaigns. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach with the research object being digital marketing strategies to increase bag sales in e-commerce. Data types are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data collected directly by researchers or data practitioners in the field. Meanwhile secondary data is a type of data collected from previously existing data. Data sources will be taken from documents, interview results, and results from observations. By means of private chat/message between the researcher as interviewer and the informant.

Advertising tax is one of the significant sources of Local Revenue (PAD) in Sikka Regency, contributing up to 25% of the total PAD. This study discusses the strategies implemented by the Sikka Regency Regional Revenue Agency (BAPENDA) to increase advertising tax revenue annually. These strategies include digitalization of administrative services, intensive socialization to the community, strict law enforcement, and collaboration with related agencies such as Satpol PP and the Prosecutor's Office. The results of the study indicate that optimization of advertising tax revenue can be achieved through simplification of the administrative process, technology-based supervision, and revenue diversification by utilizing the potential of digital advertising. Supporting factors include proactive policies of the local government, while the main inhibiting factors are low taxpayer compliance and lack of socialization. Through a collaborative approach, innovation, and law enforcement, advertising tax is expected to provide a greater contribution to Sikka Regency's PAD, support regional development, and create a more modern, transparent, and sustainable tax management system.

The development of digital technology has opened significant opportunities for the website development industry to innovate, particularly through the implementation of Augmented Reality (AR) technology. This study explores the application of the Business Model Canvas (BMC) in designing a business strategy for ACW Studio, a website development service company utilizing AR technology. By integrating AR, ACW Studio offers a unique value proposition, such as creating interactive websites and AR-based creative products, significantly enhancing customer experience. The use of BMC helps the company analyze nine key business elements, including strategic collaboration, service personalization, and optimization of digital distribution channels. The study results show that AR-based strategies can provide substantial competitive advantages in a highly competitive market while also opening opportunities for expansion into sectors such as education, retail, and tourism.

This study aims to optimize students' historical thinking skills through the School Environment Introduction Program at SMAN 1 Baros. This program is designed to improve students' understanding of history by developing critical, analytical, and interpretive skills in understanding historical events. The research methods used are literature studies and case studies. The results of the study indicate that students' historical thinking skills at SMAN 1 Baros are still low, which is caused by lecture-based learning and limited learning resources. This program focuses on developing an understanding of the concepts of time, space, and society, as well as the application of interactive and project-based learning to improve students' critical thinking skills. This optimization is expected to create a generation that thinks independently, creatively, and wisely in facing global and local challenges.    

This study analyzes the application of the order costing method with a variable costing approach at PT Makmur, a manufacturing company engaged in the beverage cup industry. Accurate determination of the cost of goods manufactured is crucial to support strategic decision making, profit optimization, and management of company resources. This research uses a literature study method with a qualitative approach to explore in-depth understanding related to the calculation of production costs. The results of the analysis show that the variable costing method provides benefits in identifying contribution margins and controlling variable costs, while the full costing method tends to produce a more comprehensive estimate of production costs by including fixed costs. The findings indicate a significant difference in net profit between the two methods, which has an impact on selling pricing decisions and production strategies. The implication of this study is that it provides practical guidance for PT Makmur and similar companies to choose a costing method that suits financial and operational objectives, and improve competitiveness through more efficient cost management.    

In the era of rapid technological advancement, the health sector has undergone significant transformation, especially with the implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems. One of the important innovations in this field is the Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS). The research method used in this study is a literature study or literature review, which is a research approach that utilizes existing sources of information, such as books, scientific articles, journals, research reports, and other sources relevant to the topic being studied. The results of this study indicate that One of the main strategies for optimization is to ensure comprehensive training for all hospital staff, from administrative personnel to health care providers. Effective use of SIMRS requires an understanding of its various functions. Implementation and optimization of the Hospital Management Information System (SIMRS) is one of the very important strategic steps in efforts to improve hospital performance. SIMRS integrates various operational, administrative, and clinical functions in one platform that allows hospitals to improve efficiency, quality of patient care, and the effectiveness of overall hospital management. However, its implementation also has challenges, such as high implementation costs, difficulty in integrating existing systems, and resistance from staff who are accustomed to manual systems.

This research discusses the optimization of implementing collaborative learning in the topic of norms and rules, integrating the Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach and Kahoot games with with assessments conducted both in groups and individually, along with observations by an observer. The study was conducted at MIN 1 Balikpapan with 28 students consisting of 12 male students and 16 female students. The assessment was designed to enhance students’ conceptual understanding and social skills through innovative and interactive methods. Observation results show that students are able to communicate and work together effectively in groups, while the presentation and question and answer stages encourage critical thinking skills and self-confidence. The group-based Kahoot game created a fun and competitive atmosphere, increasing students’ motivation and engagement in learning. Individual evaluations conducted at the end of the assessment measured the extent of students' understanding after the collaborative learning process. Overall, this assessment approach successfully fostered an active learning environment that supported the development of students' understanding of the material, social skills, and independent learning abilities. Final results showed that 29% of students achieved a perfect score of 100, 32% scored 90, 21% scored 80, and 14% achieved a passing grade with a score of 70. Only 4% of students did not meet the passing criteria, scoring 60. These findings demonstrate that the majority of students were able to achieve satisfactory learning outcomes.  

Technological innovations in autonomous vessels developed by Japan, such as the MEGURI2040 project, have opened up great opportunities in improving maritime efficiency and strengthening economic ties with ASEAN countries. These technologies offer operational advantages through cost reduction, route optimization, and enhanced maritime safety, which can promote economic integration in the region. However, the adoption of autonomous ships also presents challenges, including the need for regulatory harmonization, port infrastructure improvement, and cybersecurity risk management. This study analyzes the impact of autonomous ship innovation on the logistics sector, workforce, maritime safety, and the potential for technological cooperation between Japan and ASEAN. The results show that the adoption of this technology can strengthen regional cooperation, but requires technical readiness, mature regulations, and multilateral collaboration to overcome emerging challenges. Therefore, the integration of autonomous ship technology in ASEAN requires not only a strategic approach, but also a shared commitment to create stability and sustainable economic growth in the region.

This study aims to analyze the derivatives of a two-variable function and visualize the results in the form of a 3D graph using Python. Derivatives of two-variable functions are essential in multivariate analysis, such as optimization and surface analysis. The study uses Visual Studio Code as the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to develop and run Python code, utilizing libraries such as NumPy, SymPy, and Matplotlib for mathematical computations and visualization. The first step involves programming partial derivatives of a two-variable function using SymPy. Subsequently, the derivative results are visualized in 3D using Matplotlib to illustrate the surface and gradient of the function. The goal of this research is to provide a deeper understanding of the application of derivatives in two-variable functions and the benefits of visualization in analyzing these derivative results. The findings are expected to contribute to the fields of mathematics education and numerical computation applications.

Job training is the key to improving the performance of Technical Service Officers (Yantek) at PT XYZ.. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing job training and identify areas that need improvement. Through an in-depth analysis of the training curriculum, teaching methods, and Yantek performance after training, this study proposes recommendations for optimizing the training program. The results of the study are expected to improve the quality of service to customers and support the achievement of company performance targets.

Protection and recognition of human rights is the responsibility of the state as a consequence of its status as a country of law. Every individual, including the poor who face legal problems, has the right to receive equal treatment before the law. Access to justice is a fundamental right of every citizen, but the poor often face various obstacles in obtaining legal aid. Legal aid for the poor is guaranteed by the constitution, but its implementation still faces various obstacles. The purpose of writing this journal is to enrich the literature related to the implementation and optimization of legal aid for the poor based on Law Number 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid. This study uses a literature study approach by reviewing primary and secondary legal materials and analyzing them through various theories, doctrines, and legal principles. The results of this study are expected to contribute to increasing access to justice for the poor in Indonesia.

Turunan parsial is one of the fundamental concepts in multivariate calculus that has many applications, such as optimization, data analysis, and mathematical modeling. Understanding theory is often difficult, especially when there is no visual aid. This article discusses the use of MATLAB as a powerful tool for parsial analysis and visualization. Through the use of 3D charting and symbolic computing features, MATLAB facilitates multivariate function analysis. Research on the function f(x,y)=x^2+y^2+xy shows how parsial turunan is observed and visualized in an interactive manner. This article's goal is to encourage the use of MATLAB in long-term math education and research.

The recruitment and selection process of teachers in educational institutions plays a crucial role in determining the quality of education provided to students. In the context of an ever-evolving education system, the challenges of finding competent educators have become increasingly complex. Various studies indicate that effective recruitment can contribute to the enhancement of teaching and learning quality. Therefore, optimizing this process is essential to meet the demand for quality education. This research aims to explore and analyze optimal strategies in the recruitment and selection process of teachers based on a literature review of related books and journals. By understanding existing best practices, this study is expected to provide recommendations that can be implemented by educational institutions to improve the effectiveness of their recruitment and selection processes. The methodology used in this research is a qualitative approach with a literature analysis. Data were collected through a systematic review of books and journals discussing teacher recruitment and selection. The analysis process involved identifying key themes emerging from various sources, as well as comparing and contrasting findings from existing literature to gain a comprehensive understanding of effective practices. The findings of this study indicate that the optimization of the teacher recruitment and selection process can be achieved through several strategies, including the use of more objective assessment tools, the development of clear selection criteria, and community involvement in the recruitment process. Additionally, this research also highlights the importance of training for selection committees to enhance their ability to assess teacher candidates holistically. The recommendations generated from this study are expected to contribute positively to educational institutions in their efforts to improve the quality of educators.

The sharia capital market has become an important component in supporting sharia-based economic growth.  With the rapid development of digital technology, implementing innovative strategies is the key to expanding reach and increasing efficiency in developing and marketing sharia shares.  This research aims to identify and formulate effective strategies in developing and marketing sharia shares in digital technology-based capital markets.  The research method used is a literature study, which analyzes various literature and secondary data regarding current practices in the Islamic capital market and the adoption of digital technology in this sector. The research results show that the adoption of digital technology, such as online trading platforms and artificial intelligence (AI)-based data analysis, plays a significant role in increasing investor participation, transparency and operational efficiency of the Islamic capital market.  In addition, strategies that focus on investor education, innovation in investment products that comply with sharia principles, and collaboration between stakeholders are proven to support the optimization of sharia stock marketing.  The implementation of digital technology in sharia stock marketing can increase the attractiveness of sharia-based investments and expand the market.  This research is expected to provide strategic insight for regulators, market players and other stakeholders in optimizing the role of digital technology to strengthen the Islamic capital market in a sustainable manner

This study aims to explore the concepts, objectives, functions, and principles of financial management in educational institutions. With the increasing complexity of educational institutions, efficient and effective financial management has become a crucial factor in supporting the creation of quality education. To achieve this goal, the study uses a literature review method. Data sources were obtained from various academic journals, reference books, and publications related to financial management in educational institutions. The results of the study show that good financial management plays an important role in supporting the overall management of education. This is achieved through the optimization of available financial resources, management of facilities and infrastructure, and improvement of the welfare of educators. The implementation of effective financial management enables educational institutions to allocate funds more strategically, thus supporting various educational programs and activities. With good financial management, it is expected that the quality of education provided by educational institutions can continue to improve over time.