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An expert system is a computer program that imitates the decision-making abilities of an expert in a particular field. This system uses a knowledge base and logical rules to analyze problems and provide solutions or recommendations, helping users who do not have in-depth knowledge of the topic, then along with the development of website-based information technology which can make it easier to identify student interests, talents, especially grades 4 and 5 carried out by the teacher, this includes the potential of each individual student according to their category so as to provide an accurate solution. The aim of this research is that an application of an expert system for identification of talent interests for users is needed which supports the teacher analysis process using certainty factors, based on certainty factors which have a concept based on symptoms and diagnoses from the weight of an expert's value and the user's value, then calculated using the certainty factor formula, the output research on the creation of an expert system for identifying student talent interests using a website-based certainty factor method which produces diagnostic results for talent interest categories.    

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of green financing in sustainable financing for home industry players in Pematang Serai Village. Green financing is a financing scheme or lending to business actors that is environmentally friendly. Based on Government regulations to be able to receive financing with a green financing scheme. To achieve industrial, social and economic advantages to reduce the threat of global warming and prevent other environmental and social problems, the goal is to shift the goal to a competitive low-carbon economy, so that it can strategically promote environmental investment in various areas of business/economy. The research data is sourced from the results of interviews with industrial homes in Pematang Serai Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. as borrowers/customers of the Green Financing Program with the help of questionnaires so that the questions in the interview are more systematic. Sampling was carried out using proportionate random sampling technique. The data analysis used was: Descriptive Statistical Analysis and Binary Logistic Regression Analysis. The results of the study explained that green credit and green technology partially did not have a significant effect on green finance in Pematang Serai Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency, while green product innovation partially had a significant effect on green finance in Pematang Serai Village, Pematang Serai Village, Tanjung Pura District, Langkat Regency.

This research aims to find out the role, implementation, and factors that affect the implementation of Pancasila values for students. This study uses a descriptive method to describe various conditions in real live in the study. The data collection technique used in this study is based on interviews that are arranged logically, systematically, and objectively to explain the variables that are collected. The results of this study show that most students of the Industrial Engineering study program at University of PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya have a good attitude of tolerance in respecting cultural, ethnic, and religious differences. Their tolerance level averages 8,5 on a scale of 1-10. This shows that the implementation of Pancasila values on campus is quite good. However, there are still a small number of students who have an attitude of intolerance. This research recommends a broader and intensive application of Pancasila values and increases student awareness regarding the importance of tolerance in society.

Criminal act Terrorism is a form of crime or serious violation human rights at the international level because it seriously endangers security and peace world . T he crime of terrorism which occurred in the territory of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia has resulted in loss of property and property and causing fear in society at large, thus having an impact on social life, economics, politics and international relations . One of the main factors supporting acts of terrorism is the existence of funding, meaning that terrorist activities will not take place if there are no funds. Therefore, it is very important to eradicate criminal acts of terrorist financing in order to minimize the occurrence of acts of terrorism. The research method used is normative legal research, namely legal research that uses secondary data by using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach . The data processing and analysis technique used in this research is a qualitative technique using deductive logic in order to draw conclusions from the problem formulation that has been described. The aim of this research is to determine the methods of collecting funds carried out by corporations for terrorism financing in Indonesia and to determine corporate responsibility for criminal acts of terrorism financing in Indonesia.                

This study aims to exmine the influence of abnormal accrual, internal control system, and audit findings on the quality of financial reports of district/city goverments in Indonesia. The sampel that used in this study was local goverments in Indonesia at the district/city level in 2020-2022, with the sampel amounted to 1,518 sampels.  The sampel selection is using purposive sampling technique and proceed using multinomial logistic regression analysis. The result of this study indicate that abnormal accrual do not affect the quality of local government financial reports. Then internal control system has a positive effect on the quality of local government financial reports. And audit finding has a negative effect on the quality of local government financial reports.

This study aims to analyse reasoning in the opinion columns of Kabar Madura, a prominent local newspaper in Madura. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design to understand and evaluate the quality of argumentation in these opinion columns. Data were collected through content analysis and discourse analysis of opinion articles published within a specific timeframe. The findings reveal that while many articles demonstrate effective rhetorical use and a critical approach, there are deficiencies in evidence presentation and logical consistency. More experienced writers tend to construct stronger arguments supported by relevant evidence, whereas less experienced writers often struggle to formulate coherent and logical arguments. This variation in argumentative quality indicates a need for writer training and capacity development. Additionally, the analysis shows that some articles adopt a critical approach that aids readers in understanding the complexities of local issues. The local social and cultural context also influences reasoning in the opinion columns, with articles relevant to the daily lives of the Madurese community receiving more positive responses. The study concludes that enhancing reasoning quality in opinion columns can improve the credibility and impact of local media in shaping public opinion. Practical recommendations include providing training for writers and further research encompassing more local media and mixed methods for more comprehensive results. This research contributes significantly to the development of more critical and responsible journalism within the local media context in Indonesia.

Engineering units are complex activities with diverse jobs such as maintanace, machine operation and machine supervision. These jobs have a high risk of occupational accidents, so they must comply with Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) to reduce the risk of accidents and improve worker welfare. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Compliance can be influenced by internal factors and external factors. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors that cause Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) compliance. This research method uses quantitative research with a cross sectional research design with logistic regression analysis. Based on the output of statistical tests, the significance results of internal factors of age 0.015 <0.05, tenure 0.009 <0.05, knowledge 0.006 <0.05, attitude 0.016 <0.05, motivation 0.028 <0.05, ability 0.003 <0.05 and the significance results of external factors of work environment 0.12 <0.05. Internal factors (age, tenure, knowledge, attitude, motivation, ability) and external factors (work environment) influence and have a positive relationship with Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) compliance.

Critical thinking, like a double-edged sword, has become a vital tool in this tumultuous information era. On the one hand, it equips individuals with the ability to sort out accurate and reliable information amidst a sea of ​​hoaxes and manipulation. On the other hand, it opens the gates to analytical, logical and structured thinking, enabling mature and responsible decision-making. More than just a cognitive process, critical thinking is an art that requires practice and persistence. This abstract aims to dive into the sea of ​​critical thinking, examine its important elements, and explore its benefits in various aspects of life. Critical thinking is like a moral compass in the information age. By honing this ability, individuals can navigate the sea of ​​information with confidence, avoid the traps of hoaxes and manipulation, and move towards a brighter future.

The incident of residents on Rempang Island rejecting the development of the Rempang Eco-city Project certainly raises many questions for the general public in viewing this problem. With the publication of Coordinating Ministerial Decree Number 7 of 2023 concerning the Third Amendment to Coordinating Ministerial Decree Number 7 of 2021 concerning Amendments to the List of National Strategic Projects, the public is in the spotlight to find out what processes and laws and regulations regulate each process and stage. To study this in more depth, it is necessary to carry out a Juridical Analysis of the Allocation of land in Forest Areas above BP Batam's Management Rights on Rempang Island to be able to find out the legal arrangements, implementation, obstacles and solutions for allocating land in forest areas above BP Batam's Management Rights on the Island. Eccentric. The research method used is a normative and juridical approach, which focuses on doctrinal legal research and refers to legal norms contained in applicable laws and regulations as a normative basis, so this research emphasizes secondary data sources, both in the form of theories- legal theory and through interviews with sources or parties related to the problems to be researched above. All data obtained is then processed, analyzed and interpreted logically, systematically using deductive methods. The results of research on the allocation of land in forest areas above BP Batam's Management Rights on Rempang Island based on applicable laws and regulations are not justified and BP Batam will not be able to use and utilize all or part of its land either for its own use or in collaboration with other parties because BP Batam's authority as the holder of Management Rights will only arise after the issuance of a Management Rights Certificate from the Batam City National Land Agency Office, it is not permitted to carry out new development and development in forest areas before changes to the designation and function of forest areas are made, and if it is on land that will be granted Rights Management still has land/buildings/plants belonging to the people, so compensation for losses and relocation of residents to new residential areas must be carried out first on the basis of deliberation. The author hopes that from the research that has been carried out, the government can create legal products that create a sense of justice for society and can turn the results of this research into useful knowledge for parties facing similar legal problems.

Combinatorial optimization is a fundamental area in operations research and computer science, focusing on identifying optimal solutions from a finite set of possibilities. This study explores the integration of branch and bound methods with heuristic algorithms to address optimization problems in graph theory and discrete mathematics. Python was employed for algorithm implementation due to its flexibility and comprehensive computational libraries, enabling efficient data analysis and visualization. Several benchmark problems were examined, including the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), Minimum Spanning Tree (MST), and Graph Coloring. Simulations were conducted using datasets of varying sizes (small, medium, and large) to evaluate performance across different scales. The results demonstrate that the hybrid approach achieves a balance between solution quality and computational efficiency, outperforming brute-force methods in terms of speed while maintaining near-optimal accuracy. Tabulated results and graphical comparisons highlight the reduction in computation time and improved scalability of the proposed method. The findings suggest that combining systematic search strategies with heuristics offers a practical and effective framework for solving complex combinatorial optimization problems. Recommendations for future research include testing scalability with larger datasets, incorporating advanced metaheuristics, and applying the approach to real-world domains such as logistics and network design.

The influence of early mathematics learning and learning motivation on student learning outcomes is very significant [1]. Students' numeracy literacy skills need to be supported by the ability to learn mathematics as early as possible. Advanced mathematics learning needs to be supported by good arithmetic skills. Every learning process is expected to produce good learning outcomes. Conventional mathematics learning is difficult for low-level students to understand. Guidebooks that are in accordance with the learning curriculum tend to present mathematical concepts that are textual. In order for mathematics learning to be more interesting for students, it is necessary to develop learning media that are easily accessible to students and educators. One application that can be used is interactive Powerpoint [2]. In this community service, a learning media about arithmetic was developed that underlies every logic of calculation in advanced mathematics. Assistance was given to students in grade III of elementary school, with the pretest method, presentation of material using interactive Powerpoint media, and posttest. The validation test of the learning media was carried out by educators by providing an average test result of 84.36%. The results of this community service state that arithmetic learning media using interactive Powerpoint can be used in grade III of elementary school.

This study aims to analyze the contribution of loan to deposit ratio and growth opportunity to the condition of banking financial performance. The population of this study is banking companies. The total sample of this study includes 180 samples from 45 companies for a 4-year research period. The research variables used are loan to deposit ratio, growth opportunity, return on assets, and size. The analysis technique used multinomial logistic regression analysis. The results showed that loan to deposit ratio is able to positively effect on return on assets, while growth opportunity has not been able to effect on return on assets.

Effective and efficient logistics management at the Nutrition Installation is an important factor in ensuring the availability and quality of food for patients. This study aims to analyze logistics management in nutritional installations. The method used is the content analysis method by searching 10 reviews in various health journal sources in Indonesia for the past 10 years. The results of an integrated literature review explain that logistics management in the Nutrition Installation ensures the availability and quality of food for patients. Logistics management includes storage systems, distribution systems, budget systems required annually or monthly. Several logistics management processes in each hospital are different but run well, even though there are many shortcomings. Logistics management at Nutritional Installations is carried out optimally by increasing the accuracy of planning food needs, procuring food ingredients appropriately, improving food storage standards, timely distribution of food, and carrying out regular monitoring and evaluation, making it easier for health workers to carry out their duties and minimize undesirable events.

In the tricky landscape of instructional writing, discourse markers serve as pivotal linguistic equipment, guiding readers via complicated arguments and making sure logical drift. This research embarked on a complete exploration of discourse markers throughout clinical and non-medical genres. Through a comparative analysis, awesome styles in the frequency and distribution of these markers emerged, reflecting the specific epistemological and methodological underpinnings of every genre. The have a look at similarly delved into the practical roles of those markers, highlighting their contribution to coherence, argumentative shape, and universal readability. The examination of interdisciplinary articles discovered a completely unique linguistic identification, emphasizing the complexity of melding conventions from more than one disciplines. The findings no longer most effective shed light on the pragmatic software of discourse markers however also underscore their significance in educational writing pedagogy.

In the tricky landscape of instructional writing, discourse markers serve as pivotal linguistic equipment, guiding readers via complicated arguments and making sure logical drift. This research embarked on a complete exploration of discourse markers throughout clinical and non-medical genres. Through a comparative analysis, awesome styles in the frequency and distribution of these markers emerged, reflecting the specific epistemological and methodological underpinnings of every genre. The have a look at similarly delved into the practical roles of those markers, highlighting their contribution to coherence, argumentative shape, and universal readability. The examination of interdisciplinary articles discovered a completely unique linguistic identification, emphasizing the complexity of melding conventions from more than one disciplines. The findings no longer most effective shed light on the pragmatic software of discourse markers however also underscore their significance in educational writing pedagogy.

This study aims to analyze the impact of administering commercial probiotic bacteria on the wastewater from tofu industries on changes in Bio-logical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels. Tofu industry wastewater is known to have high BOD and low DO levels, which pose a potential environmental pollution risk. This study used a pure experimental method with variables including the ratio of tofu industry wastewater to commercial probiotics (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) with an incubation interval of 8 hours. The results showed that the administration of commercial probiotic bacteria significantly reduced BOD levels and increased DO levels in the wastewater. The 1:3 ratio of tofu industry wastewater to commercial probiotics showed the most optimal effect in increasing DO and decreasing BOD. An incubation time of 32 hours showed the most optimal effect in increasing DO and decreasing BOD. The 1:3 volume ratio between tofu wastewater and probiotics (25% tofu wastewater and 75% probiotics) proved to be the most effective, with the highest DO increase of 2.51 mg/L and the largest BOD decrease of 144.20 mg/L. In addition, incubation time also had a significant effect, the longer the incubation time, the more optimal the probiotic activity in reducing BOD levels and increasing DO levels. The conclusion of this study is that the administration of commercial probiotic bacteria at a 1:3 ratio and an incubation time of 32 hours is an effective way to improve the quality of tofu industry wastewater.

This research aims to predict customer churn in a telecommunications company using Logistic Regression (LR) and Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC) algorithms. Customer churn poses a significant challenge as acquiring new customers is costlier than retaining existing ones. The dataset from Kaggle comprises 7043 records and 21 attributes. The process includes data pre-processing, cleaning, transformation, and normalization using a Min-Max Scaler. The data is split into features (X) and target (y), then divided into training and testing sets with an 80:20 ratio. Both models were trained and evaluated using a confusion matrix. Results show that the GBC model outperforms the LR model, with an accuracy of 83% compared to LR's 81%. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of GBC in predicting customer churn.

Gas Sulfur adalah salah satu polutan berbahaya bagi manusia. Akibat utama polutan (SO2) terhadap manusia adalah terjadinya iritasi pada sistem pernafasan. Terutama kesehatan bagi usia lanjut dan penderita yang mengalami penyakit kronis pada sistem pernafasan dan kardiovaskular yang sangat sensitif jika kontak dengan (SO2). Sehingga pada penelitian ini perlu adanya sebuah rancang sistem monitoring kadar gas sulfur dioksida (SO2), suhu dan kelembaban pada ruangan. Sistem monitoring ini menggunakan sensor MQ-136 sebagai pendeteksi kadar gas sulfur dioksida (SO2) dengan satuan ppm dan sensor DHT11 sebagai pendeteksi suhu dan kelembapan pada ruangan. Hasil pembacaan kedua sensor tersebut akan diproses melalui Modul Wifi ESP32 dengan mempunyai output Aplikasi BLYNK dan Google Spreadsheet. Sementara output Exhaust Fan menyala sesuai dengan ketentuan Fuzzy Logic Mamdani.

René Descartes' rationalism has an important role in forming the foundations of modern logic, which is the basis for success in critical and analytical thinking in the 21st century. Descartes, through the method of systematic doubt and cogito ergo sum, emphasized the importance of rational thinking and logical reasoning as the main tools in acquiring knowledge. In the context of 21st century education, Descartes' principles are applied in a curriculum that encourages students to think critically, evaluate arguments logically, and solve complex problems through an analytical approach. By adopting Descartes' approach, modern education focuses not only on the transfer of knowledge, but also on the development of deep and structured thinking skills, which are essential to face global challenges and continuously developing technology. Descartes' rationalism, therefore, provides a strong foundation for the success of logic and critical thinking in the contemporary era.    

Government policy changes and drug price fluctuations related to e-catalog can affect drug costs and types purchased between 2022 and 2023. This research aimed to analyze the differences in drug procurement using the e-catalog system and its interaction with hospital financial and operational variables. The study employed a mixed-methods approach to understand the dynamics of drug procurement at Pharmacy Department of X Hospital through the e-catalog system between 2022 and 2023. This research evaluated changes in purchasing volume, costs, cost efficiency, and service speed. Quantitative data were obtained from e-catalog documentation, focusing on the types, volumes, and prices of chronic medications, as well as BPJS claims. Statistical analysis was used to compare the study periods, while qualitative data from in-depth interviews with 15 respondents, observations and document analysis enriched the understanding of procurement process changes through data triangulation analysis.  The results demonstrated an increased use of e-catalog, with policy changes leading to supplier diversification and price flexibility. Quantitative findings indicated a 25% increase in the volume of drug purchases through the e-catalog from 2022 to 2023, accompanied by a 15% reduction in average drug prices due to heightened competition among suppliers. Additionally, procurement efficiency improved by 30%, as reflected in the reduction of the procurement cycle time from 45 days to 31 days. These findings indicated shifting needs and procurement strategies, affecting budget efficiency and the speed of fulfilling drug requirements. In conclusion, strategic adaptations and ongoing evaluations in managing e-catalog are essential to address financial and logistical challenges, ensuring patient satisfaction and drug availability.