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Effective communication between teachers and students is an important key in improving learning outcomes and student motivation, especially at an early age. This research aims to find out what teachers' experiences are in carrying out effective educational communication with young children. The research method used was descriptive qualitative by conducting interviews with one of the Kindergarten teachers at An Nizam Islamic School Medan who had good communication when teaching early childhood. The research results show that teachers who are effective in educational communication have the ability to use various communication strategies, such as using simple and clear language, using images and symbols, and providing constructive feedback. Apart from that, teachers must also have the ability to understand students' needs and interests, and be aware of the importance of effective communication in improving learning outcomes. In synthesis, this research shows that the teacher's ability to carry out effective educational communication is very important in improving learning outcomes and motivation of early childhood (AUD).  

Curriculum review and lesson plan papers are a common type of scientific work found in the educational environment. However, in practice, many language errors are still found in these papers. This can lower the quality of the scientific work and hinder reader understanding. This study aims to analyze language errors in curriculum review and lesson plan papers. The research method used in this study is descriptive analysis. Data were obtained from curriculum review and lesson plan papers obtained from students. The results of the study show that there are various types of language errors found in these papers, namely spelling errors and punctuation errors. The most common spelling errors are the writing of words that do not conform to Indonesian language rules. The most common word errors are the use of incorrect capitalization. And the most common punctuation errors are the use of periods that do not conform to language rules.

This community service activity involves a collaboration between lecturers and students of the English Education Program (Tadris Bahasa Inggris - TBI) to strengthen the self-introduction skills of fourth-grade students at MI Hidayatul Insan, Kota Palangka Raya. Through interactive and enjoyable learning methods, students actively serve as facilitators and mentors, helping students develop their English skills. The activities include introductory sessions, repeated practice, and educational games designed to boost students' confidence in introducing themselves. The results show a significant improvement in students' ability to perform self-introductions smoothly and confidently. This collaborative approach not only provides immediate benefits to the students but also enriches the teaching experience of the TBI students, preparing them to become more competent educators. In conclusion, the involvement of TBI students in strengthening self-introduction materials effectively enhances the English language skills of elementary school students.    

By enacting legislation to protect, maintain and monitor the importance of human rights. Discrimination refers to unfair or unequal treatment of a person or group based on certain characteristics.Such as injustice regarding race, ethnicity, gender, religion, sexual orientation, or disability. This usually occurs in environments such as education, health services, residence and in social interactions. Ethnic discrimination occurs when individuals or groups are judged based on their ethnic origin, which includes cultural identity, language, or national origin. This ethnic discrimination can lead to unequal treatment in terms of economic opportunities, access to health services, or unfair treatment by related institutions. In Indonesia, racial and ethnic discrimination is also a problem faced, although in a different context from other countries. Even though Indonesia has rich cultural, linguistic and ethnic diversity, there are still challenges in ensuring fair treatment for all citizens. Several ethnic minority groups in Indonesia may face various obstacles in terms of access to quality education, decent work and adequate health services.

This research was conducted by describing what happened in the field regarding the use of prokem language among students and the existence of Indonesian language at this time. The first research objective is the reason students use prokem language, secondly how often students use prokem language, thirdly the impact of using prokem language on the existence of Indonesian language. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques in the form of interviews with students majoring in geography education at Medan State University, observation and literature study to provide supporting data from the analysis of data obtained in the field. The results and discussion obtained that students today are very often using prokem language in daily communication and in the campus environment, the reason they use prokem language is because they want to be up to date and follow current trends. The negative impact of prokem language results in a decrease in the existence of good and correct Indonesian in today's society and this also has a negative impact on the quality of writing and speaking of students as an academic

The use of technology is one solution in helping problems in various circles, both in the world of education and in companies. One of them is the application of an accounting information system to enter, process or report a company's accounting. This application can produce data processing quickly and accurately. This will of course save time and also reduce errors that occur when work is done manually. Like cooperatives, cooperatives must use an accounting information system so that work can be done quickly and accurately. PGRI Kosera's activities in Central Java are in the savings and loans sector. The savings and loan recording process at Kosera PGRI Central Java is not very effective, and because the recording process is repetitive, there is still too much risk of inaccurate and quick misinformation to be reported using Ms. Excel still requires previous data processing from bookkeeping, both deposits, loans and installments, resulting in delays in submitting reports to management. Therefore, in a computerized system that can process membership data, journals, savings transactions, loans and installments, reports made by the Kosera Pgri Cooperative will be valid in programming languages, especially in calculating installment interest costs and financial reports. From the results of the program created, data entry errors and interest calculation errors can be reduced, financial reports can be produced more quickly, and effective and efficient achievements can be achieved.

The use of technology is one solution in helping problems in various circles, both in the world of education and in companies. One of them is the application of an accounting information system to enter, process or report a company's accounting. This application can produce data processing quickly and accurately. This will of course save time and also reduce errors that occur when work is done manually. Like cooperatives, cooperatives must use an accounting information system so that work can be done quickly and accurately. PGRI Kosera's activities in Central Java are in the savings and loans sector. The savings and loan recording process at Kosera PGRI Central Java is not very effective, and because the recording process is repetitive, there is still too much risk of inaccurate and quick misinformation to be reported using Ms. Excel still requires previous data processing from bookkeeping, both deposits, loans and installments, resulting in delays in submitting reports to management. Therefore, in a computerized system that can process membership data, journals, savings transactions, loans and installments, reports made by the Kosera Pgri Cooperative will be valid in programming languages, especially in calculating installment interest costs and financial reports. From the results of the program created, data entry errors and interest calculation errors can be reduced, financial reports can be produced more quickly, and effective and efficient achievements can be achieved.

Analysis of errors in the use of Indonesian in the learning of UIN Law Students is an important study that focuses on how students use written and spoken Indonesian in academic and learning contexts. Indonesian is the official language and language of instruction in education in Indonesia. Good and correct mastery of Indonesian is very important for students to be able to convey ideas, arguments and analyzes clearly and effectively, especially in fields of study such as those that require a deep understanding of citizenship concepts and Pancasila values. This research uses qualitative methods with a case study approach. The focus of this research is to explore the perspectives, experiences and views of UIN Law students. Analysis of errors in the use of Indonesian in the context of higher education, especially in learning Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn), is an important topic for identifying and improving the quality of students' language.

The use of regional languages ​​in educational environments has a significant impact on the use of Indonesian. The findings show that the use of regional languages ​​can influence Indonesian language skills, especially in academic contexts. In addition, the use of regional languages ​​can also create communication gaps between individuals from different linguistic backgrounds. The implication of this research is the need for an approach strategy that combines the use of regional languages ​​with strengthening the use of Indonesian as an official language in the educational environment. This research aims to determine the use of regional languages ​​towards Indonesian, especially in the educational environment, as well as to determine and analyze measures to prevent the occurrence of mixed languages ​​(regional languages ​​and Indonesian). This research was conducted in an educational environment, especially at Medan State University. Through a quantitative research approach, data is collected through questionnaires that are direct comparisons between teenagers who often use regional languages ​​and Indonesian simultaneously.      

The use of social media has become an important part of our lives, including in the development of geographic science. However, we often see that there are many uses of non-standard words in conveying geographic concepts on social media which can interfere with the effectiveness of conveying information and understanding geographic concepts. The aim of this research is to increase students' understanding of the importance of learning and understanding non-standard language terms in social media. This research uses quantitative research methods by distributing questionnaires to geography education students at Medan State University. The results of the research conducted show that geography education students have a positive view of the use of non-standard words on social media because they can increase students' understanding and interest in learning about geographic concepts.

This article discusses the influence and challenges of diglossia in language learning on students' academic achievement. Diglossia is expressed as a phenomenon of stable language use because each language is given the freedom to carry out its social functions proportionally. As a phenomenon of using two different language variants in everyday life, of course, diglossia has a significant impact on the educational process. However, people usually do not view diglossia as a problem. This actually makes diglossia a very noteworthy thing, especially in the context of language learning, diglossia creates a gap between the standard language taught in schools and the non-standard language used in daily interactions. This article examines the key challenges faced in addressing the impact of diglossia in language learning, including curriculum mismatches, perceptions of language values, and communication limitations. Efforts to address these challenges require a holistic approach that pays attention to both language variants, strengthens linguistic equity, and promotes a deep understanding of students' language and culture. By understanding the impact and challenges of diglossia in language learning, effective strategies can be devised to improve students' academic achievement and ensure equal access to education for all.

This study examines the effectiveness of Project Based Learning (PBL) in enhancing cross-cultural communication skills within international language education programs. As globalization increases, effective communication across cultures is essential, and language programs must equip students with these skills. PBL, a learner-centered instructional strategy, integrates real-world problems into the learning process, promoting student participation, collaboration, and critical thinking. The research found that students engaged in PBL showed significant improvements in communication competence, collaboration, and intercultural understanding compared to those in traditional lecture-based instruction. The study suggests that PBL not only enhances language proficiency but also fosters cultural awareness and empathy through projects involving cross-cultural collaboration and problem-solving. Furthermore, PBL offers a more effective platform for practicing language skills in real-world scenarios, as opposed to traditional methods focused on theoretical aspects. The findings demonstrate that PBL is particularly effective in international programs, where students from diverse cultural backgrounds work together to solve global issues, thus improving their ability to communicate and collaborate across cultures. The research concludes that integrating PBL into international language education programs significantly enhances students' cross-cultural communication skills. The study encourages educational institutions to adopt PBL and suggests further research on complementary strategies, including technology, virtual exchanges, and intercultural simulations.

This study examines the impact of standardized language use in social media on users' understanding and communication. With the increasing dominance of social media as a communication platform, the use of appropriate language is important to ensure messages are well received and understood. This study used survey method to collect data from various age groups and educational backgrounds. The results show that the use of standardized language tends to increase clarity and politeness in communication, but can also cause difficulties for users who are less familiar with formal language rules. This study concludes that although standardized language has an important role in improving comprehension, adaptation and flexibility in its use need to be considered in order to maintain effective communication on social media.

Aphasia is a communication problem caused by brain damage. This condition affects language skills in people with aphasia, resulting in obstacles in speaking, reading, writing and understanding language. This research aims to determine the development of language skills in people with aphasia and find ways to help them. The research method used is a systematic literature review (SLR) using a database from Google Scholar. The results of the research show that people with aphasia experience obstacles in understanding the meaning of language or in pronouncing words. Efforts that can be made to help aphasia sufferers include the use of information and communication technology (TIC), special education, and therapy. This research supports better and more effective treatment for people with aphasia

This study discusses the learning approach in the independent curriculum applied in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning as stated in the Decree of the Director General of Islamic Education Number 3211 of 2022 concerning the Learning Achievements of Islamic Religious Education and Arabic Language in the Independent Curriculum in Madrasahs and in the Islamic Religious Education and Character Education Teacher Guidebook for Senior High Schools/Vocational High Schools Class X. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of various approaches in PAI learning that are in accordance with the Independent Curriculum in Indonesia. A qualitative analysis approach was implemented, which involved extensive library research conducted to review existing literature related to learning approaches and PAI subject in the Independent Curriculum. The data used are secondary data from various existing scientific literature. The results of the study indicate that the learning approaches applied are Student-Centered Learning, Inquiry and Discovery Learning, Problem Based Learning, Project Based Learning and Collaborative Learning

This research aims to improve the speaking skills of class X.1 students at MA Muhammadiyah Sombala Bella, Takalar Regency through the Student Facilitator and Explaining model. The subjects of this research were 30 students in class The results of the research showed that there was an increase in students' speaking skills from cycle I to cycle II, namely an increase in the number of students listening to the teacher's explanation, collaborating in groups, asking questions and providing responses. Student evaluation results also experienced an increase, namely the average score obtained in cycle I was 56.66 and in cycle II was 86.66. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the speaking ability of class X.1 students at MA Muhammadiyah Sombala Bella, Takalar Regency through the Student Facilitator and Explaining Model has increased. It is hoped that other researchers in the field of education, especially Indonesian language education, can research further on effective and efficient models for improving students' speaking skills.

Background Development of growth and development can be done by providing stimulation and early detection of the baby's growth and development during the "golden age" by providing adequate early stimulation to stimulate the brain and development of movement, speech and language as well as socialization and independence of the baby so that it is optimal according to its age.( Uli, 2019. The aim of this community service program (PKM) is to increase the implementation of effective and family communication towards preventing speech delay in toddlers in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province in 2024. The methods used include 1) identifying toddlers about Speech Delay); 2) preparation of materials and steps for implementing effective and family communication towards preventing speech delay in toddlers); 3) implementation of education on the Implementation of Effective Communication and Family towards Prevention of Speech Delay in Toddlers). Results Based on the results of implementing community service for toddlers in Bangun Rejo Village, Tanjung Morawa District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, there are a total of 19 toddlers, where the majority are 1-3 years old, 10 toddlers (53%), 3-5 years old, 9 toddlers (43%). %), all parents are enthusiastic about implementing effective and family communication towards preventing speech delay in toddlers

This study examines the relationship between self regulated learning (SRL) strategies and academic motivation among students engaged in online language education, with a particular focus on how cultural diversity influences these factors. SRL strategies, such as goal setting, self monitoring, and time management, are crucial for maintaining motivation and improving learning outcomes, especially in online settings that require high levels of student autonomy. The study found a strong positive correlation between intrinsic motivation and the use of SRL strategies. Students who were intrinsically motivated to learn demonstrated better use of SRL strategies, leading to improved academic performance. Furthermore, the study explored how cultural diversity impacted the application of SRL strategies, revealing that students from collectivist cultures often emphasized collaboration and effort, while students from individualistic cultures focused more on autonomy and personal achievement. These cultural differences influenced how students engaged with SRL strategies and maintained their motivation throughout their online language courses. The findings underscore the importance of considering cultural diversity when designing online language education programs. Culturally responsive teaching practices that acknowledge students' cultural backgrounds can enhance motivation, foster better use of SRL strategies, and improve learning outcomes in diverse online classrooms. The study highlights the need for further research that explores the interaction between different cultural groups, expands sample sizes, and investigates other motivational factors, such as self efficacy and achievement goals, to develop more effective and inclusive online language education strategies.  

This study explores the influence of teachers' pedagogical beliefs on the integration of technology in language education. Teachers' beliefs significantly impact their technology adoption and how it is utilized in the classroom, shaping the learning experiences of students. The research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with classroom observations to examine the relationship between teachers’ beliefs and their use of technology in language education settings. The findings reveal that teachers with constructivist beliefs, which emphasize active, student-centered learning, are more likely to integrate technology in ways that support engagement, collaboration, and critical thinking. In contrast, teachers with traditional, teacher-centered beliefs are more likely to use technology primarily for content delivery and repetition, limiting its potential to foster interactive and student-driven learning environments. The study also highlights the gap between teachers' positive beliefs about technology and their actual practices, which are often hindered by external barriers such as lack of training, resources, and institutional support. The research suggests that professional development programs should address both pedagogical beliefs and technological competencies to facilitate successful technology integration. Furthermore, the study calls for future research to explore how specific pedagogical models, like constructivism, can be further aligned with technology integration to improve learning outcomes. The research also emphasizes the need for longitudinal studies to understand the evolution of teachers' beliefs and their impact on technology use in language education.

This study examines the integration of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) into language learning and its effects on secondary school students' intercultural sensitivity, global perspectives, and critical thinking. As globalization expands, education systems must not only develop linguistic skills but also prepare students to engage with global challenges and diverse cultures. A mixed methods approach was used, incorporating surveys, reflective journals, and classroom observations to assess how GCE influences students' understanding of global issues and cultural diversity. Results show that GCE integration significantly enhances students' intercultural sensitivity and global awareness, equipping them to navigate cross-cultural interactions. Students also demonstrated improved critical thinking skills, especially in analyzing global issues and engaging with intercultural viewpoints. The study emphasizes the importance of collaborative learning, such as Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL), in fostering intercultural empathy and global citizenship skills. It suggests that language educators should integrate GCE themes to develop globally conscious and interculturally aware students. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of GCE on language learners and its application in various educational settings. By providing students with the tools to tackle global challenges, GCE can play a crucial role in shaping responsible, globally aware citizens.