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This study aims to examine pragmatic aspects, particularly speech acts and implicatures, in the lyrics of the song “Sedia Aku Sebelum Hujan” by Idgitaf. By applying a qualitative descriptive method through pragmatic content analysis techniques, this study examines locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary speech acts based on Austin's theory, as well as conversational implicatures based on Grice's framework. The results show that the song lyrics are dominated by expressive and commissive illocutionary acts that serve to express sacrifice, vulnerability, and unconditional commitment. Locutionary acts play a role in constructing a literal narrative about protection and relationship inequality, while perlocutionary acts are aimed at evoking feelings of security and gratitude in the listener. Furthermore, the study of implicature reveals deeper implied meanings related to self-sacrifice, acceptance of inequality in relationships, and anticipatory commitment, which are often conveyed through the metaphors of “rain” and “war”. This study concludes that the power of lyrics lies not only in explicit romantic expressions, but also in the strategic use of language to perform actions and convey implicit values of devotion, reflecting the complex dynamics of human relationships, even when they are unbalanced. These findings emphasize the importance of pragmatic analysis in fully understanding the communicative and artistic impact of song lyrics.

Islamic financing has become an alternative for employees of strategic partner institutions who require fast and flexible financial solutions. However, participation remains low due to suboptimal promotion and price perceptions. This study aims to analyze the influence of promotion and price on employee financing decisions, both directly, indirectly, and in total. The method use was quantitative ex post facto with data collected through questionnaires from 40 respondents, and the analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS with the assistance of SmartPLS 4.0. The results indicate that promotion and price have a positive and significant effect on financing decisions, both directly and indirectly. Directly, promotion affects financing decisions with a coefficient of 0.442 (t = 2.121; p = 0.034), while price shows a coefficient of 0.445 (t = 2.040; p = 0.041). Indirectly, promotion influences financing decisions through price with a coefficient of 0.381 (t = 1.979; p = 0.048). In total, promotion and price strongly influence financing decisions, with coefficients of 0.823 (t = 15.541; p = 0.000) for promotion and 0.445 (t = 2.040; p = 0.041) for price. These findings emphasize that intensive promotion and competitive pricing can significantly enhance the financing decisions of employees at strategic partner institutions of PT. BPRS Fajar Sejahtera Bali.

Strengthening family-based microenterprises is one strategic approach to improving the economic resilience and independence of local communities. Family microenterprises not only serve as a source of income, but also as an important instrument in maintaining the social and economic stability of households. This study aims to describe the conditions of family-based microenterprises, identify obstacles to their development, and formulate strategies for optimizing family economics in Neighborhood I of Padangmatinggi Village, Padangsidimpuan City. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation studies. Research informants include family micro-business actors, village officials, and other related parties. The results show that family-based micro-businesses have a real contribution to increasing household income and meeting basic family needs. However, business development still faces limitations in capital, low financial literacy, limited product innovation, and minimal marketing access. Therefore, an integrated development strategy is needed that includes increasing human resource capacity, facilitating access to financing, utilizing digital technology, and institutional support from the local government to realize the sustainability of family micro-businesses.

This research explores strategies for developing the Lewaja Natural Tourism Area in Enrekang Regency, which has considerable potential as a leading destination but has not yet been managed effectively. The study aims to examine the current conditions of the site, highlight its opportunities and constraints, and design strategies for sustainable development. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) in conjunction with IFAS and EFAS to establish strategic priorities. The results indicate that Lewaja possesses advantages in terms of natural scenery and accessibility, while weaknesses are found in facility provision and managerial aspects. The proposed strategies derived from the SWOT framework emphasize infrastructure improvement, enhancement of supporting amenities, digital-based promotional efforts, community involvement in destination management, and stronger collaboration between governmental bodies and the private sector. Overall, the study concludes that the future development of Lewaja Peak Natural Tourism should align with the principles of sustainable tourism, aiming to increase its attractiveness, raise service standards, and deliver economic value to the local community.

This study aims to analyze the level of digital readiness and the development of digital promotion strategies at Florina Bouquet MSME as an effort to enhance competitiveness in the digital era. The research background arises from the limited optimi\zation of Instagram features and digital marketing strategies, resulting in low product visibility in the digital market. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review. A scoring analysis was applied to evaluate three main components: digital readiness, digital marketing strategy and implementation, and their impact on competitiveness. The findings indicate that Florina Bouquet demonstrates a relatively high level of digital readiness in terms of infrastructure and basic platform utilization; however, weaknesses remain in strategic planning, content creation, feature optimization, and consistent monitoring. Despite these limitations, the uniqueness of the product and strong market potential contribute positively to competitiveness, especially in differentiation and brand perception. The results highlight the need for more structured, consistent, and data-driven digital promotion strategies to improve marketing effectiveness and expand market reach. This study provides practical implications and strategic recommendations for MSMEs to strengthen their digital marketing performance sustainably.

The financial crisis experienced by PT Garuda Indonesia Tbk prompted the company to enter into a Debt Payment Suspension (PKPU) process as a legal measure to avoid bankruptcy and restructure its finances. The complexity of debt, liquidity pressures, and post-pandemic operational challenges have made PKPU a strategic instrument for obtaining debt payment deferrals and formulating a settlement plan that is acceptable to creditors. This study aims to analyze how the implementation of PKPU affects Garuda's rescue efforts from the threat of bankruptcy and assess the extent to which the debt restructuring resulting from PKPU in 2021–2023 effectively improves the company's financial condition. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, and case study approach to the homologation decision and Garuda Indonesia's official financial reports. The results of the study show that PKPU provides legal certainty for debtors and creditors through a collective postponement mechanism, and debt restructuring has been proven to significantly reduce the company's liabilities from around US$10.1 billion to around US$4.6 billion, while improving financial and operational stability in the short to medium term. In conclusion, PKPU serves as an effective corporate rescue instrument, while post-PKPU debt restructuring provides a strong foundation for Garuda Indonesia's financial recovery, although long-term sustainability still depends on the consistent implementation of the peace plan and the company's operational performance.

This study is motivated by the rapid development of digital technology, which has positioned social media as an essential tool for disseminating information and conducting promotion, including in the field of arts and culture. Sanggar Mahligai in Siak Regency, as an institution dedicated to preserving Malay traditional dance, utilizes social media to expand its informational reach, attract public interest, and maintain the existence of traditional arts amid modern lifestyle changes. This research aims to describe how social media is used as a medium for information dissemination and promotion by Sanggar Mahligai. The study employs a descriptive qualitative method through observation, interviews, and documentation involving the head of the sanggar, social media administrators, and followers of the sanggar’s social media accounts. The findings show that Instagram and TikTok serve as the main platforms for sharing information related to training schedules, performance activities, new member registration, and activity documentation. Visual content, the use of trending formats, and active interaction with the audience significantly increase public engagement and interest in the sanggar’s activities. These results indicate that social media plays an important role in strengthening the sanggar’s visibility, fostering two-way communication, and supporting the preservation of Malay cultural arts through consistent and strategic digital practices.  

Using a systematic literature review approach to various previously published studies, this research investigates the influence of consumer nationalism on the intention to purchase domestic products. The purpose of this study is to find patterns of results, influencing components, and the impact of consumer nationalism on their behavior when purchasing local products. Data were collected from articles in relevant national and international journals, particularly those discussing ideas about consumer nationalism, consumer ethnocentrism, and factors determining purchase intention. The findings of the study indicate that consumer nationalism has a positive and significant effect on consumers' intention to purchase domestic goods. A number of variables, including product quality perceptions, price sensitivity, cosmopolitanism levels, and consumer demographics, especially Generation Z, who tend to be involved in the digital world, influence this effect. In addition, this study found that customer awareness, attitudes, and preferences towards local products are influenced by social media and digital campaigns such as the Bangga Buatan Indonesia (Proudly Made in Indonesia) program. The results of this study provide strategic benefits for businesses when they develop marketing plans based on the value of nationalism. These results can also be used as a reference for public policies aimed at increasing consumption and competitiveness of domestic products through the implementation of such policies.

Youth and youth ministry plays a strategic role in shaping the faith, character, and spiritual maturity of the younger generation. This study aims to analyze the spiritual needs, struggles, and relevant Christian Religious Education (PAK) strategies for youth at GBI Pondok Daud. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were obtained through direct observation, interviews with instructors, facility observations, and documentation during worship services. The results indicate that youth are highly enthusiastic about attending worship services and are actively involved in various ministry sectors, such as music, multimedia, and ushering. However, they face several struggles, including academic pressure, the influence of social media, and instability in personal spiritual discipline. Primary spiritual needs include Christian character development, a deeper understanding of God's Word, a supportive community, and consistent spiritual guidance. The implemented PAK strategies, such as creative worship, small group discussions, mentoring, and the use of digital media, have proven effective in addressing the needs of youth. This study concludes that GBI Pondok Daud's youth ministry has been successful, but still needs to strengthen discipleship, improve spiritual discipline, and develop experiential learning activities.

This study explores the development of digital and storynomic-based tourism in Kamasan Tourism Village, Klungkung Regency, Bali. Kamasan is historically known as the center of classical Balinese wayang painting and traditional metal crafts such as gold, silver, and brass. Using a qualitative descriptive method through observation, interviews, and document studies, this research identifies the village’s cultural potential and formulates a sustainable tourism development model. The SWOT analysis reveals that Kamasan’s main strengths lie in its rich cultural heritage, community participation, and diverse local crafts, while weaknesses include limited digital promotion, lack of facilities, and low involvement of younger generations. Opportunities arise from the growing trend of cultural and educational tourism and strong government support for digitalization through the Anugerah Desa Wisata Indonesia (ADWI) program. The integration of storynomic tourism and digital media—such as e-brochures, promotional videos, and virtual tours can enhance destination competitiveness, strengthen local identity, and improve community welfare. This research emphasizes that combining cultural storytelling with digital innovation is a strategic approach to creating sustainable and engaging tourism experiences in Kamasan Village.  

This study is grounded in the Marketing Mix Theory (4P) proposed by McCarthy, which explains that marketing performance is influenced by the effective integration of product, price, place, and promotion strategies. The purpose of this study is to analyze and empirically examine the effect of the 4P marketing mix—product strategy, pricing strategy, place strategy, and promotion strategy—on increasing sales of mobile coffee businesses using electric bicycle carts in Semarang City. A quantitative research approach was employed using an accidental sampling technique, with respondents consisting of consumers who met the research criteria and were encountered directly in the field. Primary data were collected through questionnaire distribution, resulting in 85 valid respondents. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26, including validity tests, reliability tests, and classical assumption tests (normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity). Hypothesis testing was performed using multiple linear regression analysis, partial tests (t-test), simultaneous tests (F-test), and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results indicate that product strategy and pricing strategy have a positive and significant effect on increasing mobile coffee sales. Place strategy also shows a significant influence on sales performance, highlighting the importance of mobility and strategic selling locations. Furthermore, promotion strategy has a positive and significant effect on sales increase. Simultaneously, the F-test results confirm that product, price, place, and promotion strategies collectively have a significant effect on increasing mobile coffee sales using electric bicycle carts in Semarang City. These findings support the applicability of the Marketing Mix Theory (4P) in explaining sales performance in mobile and small-scale coffee businesses.

The transformation of the retail industry in Indonesia is accelerating in line with increasing digital penetration and changes in consumer shopping behavior. This condition requires small-scale retail, including fresh marts, to be able to optimize effective marketing stimulus to maintain and increase consumer buying interest. This study aims to analyze the role of marketing stimulus consisting of price, product variety, and promotion as a predictor of consumer buying interest using the Stimulus Organism Response (SOR) theoretical approach. This study involved 105 consumer respondents of Rizky Fresh Mart Semarang, who were selected through accidental sampling techniques. Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed through multiple linear regression. The results showed that product variations had a positive and significant effect on buying interest, while prices and promotions showed a positive but insignificant influence. Simultaneously, the three marketing stimuli have a significant effect on consumer buying interest. These findings confirm that in the context of small-scale retail in Indonesia, product variety is the most powerful stimulus in shaping consumer perception before generating a response in the form of buying interest, according to the SOR model. This research provides managerial implications for retailers to prioritize completeness and product diversity, in addition to more strategic price management and promotion.

This study aims to analyze the involvement of the Nusantara Nature Conservation Foundation (YKAN) in mangrove management in Berau Regency. This study explains how YKAN, as a broker organization in an advocacy network, encourages the local Forlika community to obtain resources from global partnerships. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The research data is sourced from primary data through interviews and uses primary data from relevant literature studies related to the research variables. The results of this study show that there is cooperation between each actor in international relations in managing mangrove areas in Berau Regency. YKAN's partnerships with global and local institutions give YKAN a strategic position in transnational advocacy networks. YKAN functions as a liaison that advocates for the needs of coastal communities at the international level, so that YKAN's role is to represent local communities in cross-actor cooperation in Berau Regency.

This study, titled “analysis of the influence of brand image and online promotion on generation z’s decision to purchase bsi product at bsi merr surabaya”, examines the effect of brand image (X1) and online promotion (X2) on the purchasing decisions (Y) of Generation Z consumers at the BSI Merr Surabaya branch. Using a quantitative research approach, data were collected from 100 respondents aged 20–27 years through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the assistance of WarpPLS 7.0 software. The results indicate that both brand image (X1) and online promotion (X2) have a significant and positive influence on Generation Z’s decision to purchase BSI products. Among the two variables, online promotion (X2) shows a stronger impact, highlighting its importance in engaging digitally savvy consumers. These findings emphasize the need for companies to strengthen digital marketing strategies while maintaining a solid brand image to effectively influence purchasing behavior. The study underscores the strategic relevance of optimizing both factors to enhance consumer engagement and drive purchase decisions among Generation Z.

The development of thematic teaching materials at the elementary school level requires a deep understanding of students’ learning needs to ensure that the presented material is relevant, contextual, and capable of improving learning outcomes. This study aims to analyze the learning needs of elementary school students as a basis for developing effective thematic teaching materials. Literature related to learning needs, teaching material design, integrated thematic approaches, and the characteristics of students’ cognitive development were analyzed comprehensively. The results of the study indicate that students’ learning needs include contextual material, concrete visualizations, collaborative activities, and varied learning media. Challenges include limitations of teachers in conducting needs analysis, suboptimal utilization of technology, and the suitability of material to the local context. This article provides strategic recommendations for designing student-needs-based thematic teaching materials that are adaptive, engaging, and competency-oriented.

Customer satisfaction is a central issue in marketing management, as it plays a crucial role in determining customer loyalty amid increasingly intense business competition. A comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing customer satisfaction is essential not only for academics in strengthening marketing theory but also for practitioners in designing effective service and product strategies. This article aims to address two research questions: (1) what are the dominant factors influencing customer satisfaction, and (2) how does customer satisfaction relate to customer loyalty? The study employed a qualitative literature review method. The data consisted of scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025, accessed through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keyword “customer satisfaction.” From an initial selection of 30 articles, 27 were identified as relevant, and 5 core articles were further analyzed. The findings reveal three main themes: product and service quality as the dominant determinants of customer satisfaction; price, brand image, and promotion as supporting factors; and customer trust as an important mediating variable in building loyalty. This study concludes that customer satisfaction serves as a strategic link between service quality and customer loyalty. Future research is encouraged to explore the roles of digitalization, customer experience, and sustainability in shaping long-term customer satisfaction.

The shift in economic structure from a reliance on traditional agriculture to modern industrialization has yielded various competitive advantages for a region. The presence of leading sectors at the local level is a strong indicator of increased added value and high productivity, fueled by a healthy competitive climate among business actors. This phenomenon is closely related to the characteristics of the industrial sector, which possesses very strong forward and backward linkages, making it a primary driver of national economic growth. Progress in the manufacturing sector is not merely a measure of economic success but also serves as a driver of fiscal stability through massive employment absorption and increased foreign exchange earnings. Industrial growth is considered highly strategic because it holds significant potential for future expansion through technological innovation and production efficiency. This condition makes industrial cluster development an instrument for driving sustainable economic growth in Indonesia, while simultaneously strengthening the competitiveness of local products in the global market through the integration of a more organized production system.

Local coffee micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Karang Sidemen Village, Central Lombok Regency, have significant development potential; however, they still face challenges related to marketing practices and limited value addition. Conventional marketing systems restrict market reach and reduce product competitiveness. In the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, digital marketing offers a strategic opportunity for MSMEs to enhance product promotion and sales performance. This community service program aimed to strengthen the capacity of local coffee MSMEs through the implementation of social media–based digital marketing strategies. A participatory approach was employed, actively involving MSME actors and students through stages of problem identification, program planning, training and hands-on digital marketing practices, and evaluation. The results demonstrated an improvement in participants’ understanding and skills in utilizing social media as a promotional tool, as reflected by the initiative to develop and publish promotional video content for local coffee products, including the flagship Versilia coffee variant. The use of visual content and storytelling facilitated the practical adoption of digital marketing strategies. Overall, this program contributed to shifting marketing behavior from conventional to digital approaches and strengthening the sustainable competitiveness of local coffee MSMEs.

This study aims to determine the impact of Financial Technology (Fintech) and digital banking on the overall performance of conventional banking institutions in Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative approach using a comprehensive literature review as its primary method. Data analysis in this study was conducted through an extensive review of various sources, including books, peer-reviewed journal articles, research reports, official websites, newspapers, and magazines, to obtain a holistic understanding of the topic. The results of this study indicate that both Fintech and digital banking significantly affect the performance of conventional banks in Indonesia. Specifically, the effect of Fintech on conventional banking is reflected in a decrease in traditional banking profitability, because Fintech platforms provide alternative channels and competition in credit distribution and financial services. Meanwhile, the effect of digital banking on conventional banking includes improvements in operational efficiency, wider service accessibility for customers, and noticeable changes in customer behavior and expectations. These findings suggest that conventional banks must adapt strategically to remain competitive in the evolving financial ecosystem.

This study examines the effectiveness of problem-solving skills in enhancing decision-making processes among teachers at State Junior High Schools in Jambi Province. The research was motivated by the increasing demands placed on educators to make timely, accurate, and contextually appropriate decisions in academic, administrative, and student-related matters. A quantitative approach was employed using a survey method, involving teachers from several public junior high schools across the province. Data were collected through validated questionnaires measuring levels of problem-solving competence and decision-making quality. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between problem-solving skills and decision-making effectiveness. Teachers with higher levels of analytical thinking, alternative evaluation, and solution implementation were found to make decisions more systematically, responsively, and with greater accuracy. Moreover, the findings reveal that problem-solving skills contribute not only to improving daily pedagogical decisions but also to enhancing school governance and conflict resolution. This research highlights the importance of continuous professional development programs aimed at strengthening teachers’ cognitive and strategic abilities. The study concludes that integrating structured problem-solving training into teacher development initiatives can substantially improve decision-making quality in junior high schools, ultimately supporting better educational outcomes in Jambi Province.