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One of the various reasons underlying the breakdown of a marriage is the departure or disappearance of the husband from the wife (mafqud). The issue of a husband's mafqud is a complicated and difficult problem because of course the absence or disappearance of a husband can cause misery to the people left behind who are his responsibility, especially his wife. On the issue of a husband's mafqud, each mujtahid has a different view. Imam Maliki and Imam Syafii are among those who have different views on this case. Therefore, in this research we will discuss what is the opinion of the Imam Maliki School regarding mafqud husbands and their marital status?, and what is the opinion of the Imam Syafii School regarding mafqud husbands and their marital status? The purpose of writing this thesis is to find out what the Imam Maliki School thinks about mafqud husbands and their marital status, as well as to find out what Imam Syafii Mahab thinks about mafqud husbands and their marital status. The type of research used in this thesis is qualitative research in the form of a library review, the primary data source is the books al-muwwatha' and al-Umm, while the secondary data sources are al-Fiqh Wa Adillatuhu, Bidayah al-Mujtahid Wa Nihayah al -Mustaqhid, Fiqh al-Sunah, al-Muhazab, al-Muntaqa Syarakh al-Muwwatha', Qawain al-Fiqhiyah, Munakahat fiqh books, Al-Qur'an translated by the Department of Religion, journals, and other appropriate literature with research themes.  

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membentuk karakter generasi cerdas melalui pembelajaran pendidikan pancasila dan kewarganegaraan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode deskriptif. Data yang diperoleh melalui pengamatan, wawancara, kajian pustaka dan dokumentasi. Kajian ini mengkaji upaya yang telah dilakukan guru pendidikan Pancasila dan kewarganegaraan dalam membentuk karakter generasi muda yang pintar, peran dan kendala positifnya. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa generasi penerus mampu menunjukkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan menunjukkan perilaku karakter dalam lingkungan. Kata Kunci: Membangun Karakter, Generasi Pintar ABSTRACT This research was conducted to form the character of the intelligent generation through learning Pancasila and citizenship education. This study uses a descriptive method approach. Data obtained through observation, interviews, literature review and documentation. This study examines the efforts that have been made by Pancasila and citizenship education teachers in shaping the character of the smart young generation, their roles and positive constraints. From this research, it was found that future generations were able to show critical thinking skills and show character behavior in the environment. Keywords: Character Building, Smart Generation

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of budgetary participation, clarity of budget targets, organizational commitment to budgetary slack. This research uses quantitative research using primary data. The primary data is a questionnaire that distributed to respondents. This research used PLS-SEM with the help of SmartPLS version 3.0 for windows software to data analysis. This results prove that the variables of budgetary participation, clarity of targets, and organizational commitment have an influence on budgetary slack.

The provision of credit / loans by credit-giving institutions, both banks and other financial institutions, is intended as an effort to make a profit, so the lending institution views credit / loans as a reliable source of income or profit. In connection with the issue of credit / loan provision, credit institutions such as PT. BPR Arto Moro Semarang as the party that lends money (creditors) needs to get a guarantee as a condition for the loan that the debtor will receive on condition that he gives interest when repaying the loan. In practice, the obstacles that PT. BPR Arto Moro Semarang, especially for debtors with guarantees by using the Deed of Providing Mortgage Rights (APHT) which is registered with the National Land Agency (BPN), if the credit is jammed and failed to promise, the bank will take the final step in accordance with applicable law, namely implementing execution of mortgage rights through the Office of State Wealth and Auction Services (KPKNL) or through the District Court (PN). The type of research used in this research is normative juridical. Juridical research, is used, among other things, to analyze various legal theories and laws and regulations related to the juridical review of the accounts payable agreement as a principal agreement with guarantees of insurance rights at PT. BPR Arto Moro Semarang. Juridical means that this research emphasizes the science of law. Meanwhile, normative is this research that examines the rules that apply in society. Thus normative juridical is an approach to the study of legal problems from the aspect of applicable legal regulations. The results of this study are: the settlement of bad credit tied to mortgage rights at PT. BPR Arto Moro Semarang after performing credit rescue through 3R (rechedulling, restructuring and reconditioning). Before the execution of mortgage rights is carried out, non-litigation measures by way of selling collateral based on mutual agreement based on paragraph (2) article 20 of the Mortgage Rights Law. During 2018 to 2020 Mortgage Execution can contribute to the settlement of non-performing loans as much as 45% or Rp. 15,731,212,000, - from an amount of Rp. 34,964,970,686, -. Meanwhile, the occurrence of bad credit is due to internal factors: a. Loans not fully channeled for business, b. Business management skills are still lacking, c. Very tight business competition. External factors are due to unstable economic conditions, which consequently have an impact on the ability of customers to pay off their debts.   Keywords : Bad credit, collateral, execution, and mortgage.

Air Susu Ibu (ASI) merupakan suatu jenis makanan yang mencukupi seluruh unsur kebutuhan bayi baik fisik, psikologis, sosial maupun spiritual. ASI mengandung nutrisi, hormone, unsur kekebalan pertumbuhan, anti alergi, serta anti inflamasi. Pijat oksitosin adalah suatu tindakan pemijatan tulang belakang dari nervus ke 5-6 scapula yang akan mempercepat kerja saraf parasimpatis untuk menyampaikan perintah ke otak bagian belakang sehinnga oksitosin keluar. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh pijat oksitosin terhadap produksi ASI Pada Ibu Post Partum. Metode yang digunakan adalah Literature review menggunakan jurnal intervensi untuk mengatasi masalah pijat oksitosin dengan permasalahan terhadap produksi ASI yang dapat diakses full text. Tahun jurnal yang digunakan dibatasi 2012-2021. Berdasarkan telaah literature pada 5 jurnal didapatkan bahwa terapi pijat oksitosin dapat diberikan kepada ibu post partum dengan cara dipijat punggung ibu selama 10-15 menit dapat diberikan 2 sesi yaitu pagi dan sore. Hasil telaah literature review ini menunjukkan bahwa terapi pijat oksitosin dapat meningkatkan produksi ASI pada ibu post partum.  

Kopi adalah minuman popular dari jenis tumbuhan yang mengandung kafein. Kafein yaitu senyawa alkaloid turunan xantine (basa purin) yang dapat larut dalam air, mempunyai aroma wangi tetapi rasanya sangat pahit. Kafein bersifat basa mono-cidic yang lemah yang dapat memisah dengan penguapan air. Dengan asam, kafein akan membentuk reaksi garam yang tidak stabil sedangkan dengan basa akan membentuk garam yang stabil. Kafein mudah terurai dengan alkali panas membentuk kafeidin. Kopi robusta lebih berpotensi menghasilkan ekstrak kafein dibandingkan kopi arabika dengan perbedaan ±1% dari berat kering. Kandungan kafein dalam kopi Robusta (Toraja) selama 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 siklus berturut-turut adalah 1.439 mg/L, 2.158 mg/L, 2.695 mg/L, 2.887 mg/L dan 3.700. mg/L. Kandungan kafein yang diperoleh kopi Arabika (Jawa) selama 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 siklus berturut-turut adalah 0.474 mg/L, 0.478 mg/L, 1.056 mg/L, 1.540 mg/L dan 1.926 mg/L. Kopi Gayo menunjukkan dua sampel dari sepuluh sampel tidak memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan SNI, yaitu sampel 2 dan 4, dengan kadar berturut-turut adalah 126,9 mg; 197,1 mg; 134,3 mg; 174,6 mg; 109,2 mg; 51 mg; 119,5 mg; 88,8 mg; 108,6 mg dan 141,7 mg. Sebaliknya kopi Sareng mendapatkan hasil semua sampel memenuhi persyaratan SNI, dengan kandungan berturut-turut adalah 124,7 mg; 64,4 mg; 131,9 mg; 138,3 mg; 103,9 mg; 110,1 mg; 35,3 mg; 117,5 mg; 125,7 mg dan 36,2 mg. Kafein memiliki beberapa manfaat farmakologi seperti menstimulasi sistem saraf pusat, relaksasi otot polos terutama otot polos bronkus dan stimulasi otot jantung.

Salah satu pemicu utama penyakit degeneratif adalah radikal bebas. Substansi penting yang dapat melindungi dan mengurangi dampak negatif dari serangan radikal bebas adalah antioksidan. Kulit buah naga merah memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber antioksidan. Keunggulan kulit buah naga super merah adalah kaya polyphenol dan sumber antioksidan yang baik.

The transaction of buying and selling currencies is made in the form of transactions whose legal status in the view of Islamic teachings differs from one form to another. Buying and selling foreign currency in Islam the name is Al Sharf which is a sale of currency, where money is used as the object of exchange. Based on the above background, it can be formulated into several problem formulations (1) how the practice of money changer in PT. Hamdalah Kab. Jember? (2) how the review of sharia economic law against the practice of money changer in PT. Hamdalah Kab. Jember. The method used in this research is a qualitative study that uses descriptive analysis. The type of data used in this study is qualitative data. Data collection techniques used are through interviews and literature study. Based on the results of the research concluded that the practice of buying and selling money changer transactions in PT. Hamdalah Kab. Jember that uses the system of giving advances there is a mismatch. This is not in accordance with the provisions of the existing theory that in the sale and purchase of money changer does not need any down payment, but even if the practice in the field contrary to the theory does not necessarily punished harom, but this contract can be directed to the sale and purchase of salam contract. While giving a period of time in money changer transactions may be done if it becomes an unavoidable need (lil hajah) urfnya about 2-7 days.   Keywords: Sharia Economic Law, Money Changer, Al Sharf and Foreign Currency Sale and Purchase.

One of the businesses that is growing rapidly in Indonesia today is the multi-level marketing (MLM) business. MLM is a method of marketing goods or services from a system of selling goods directly through a marketing program in the form of more than one level, where business partners get sales commissions and sales bonuses from the sale of goods or services carried out by themselves and network members in their group. In general, this thesis discusses the multi-level marketing (MLM) business at PT.Melia Sehat Sejahtera in Jember district, with problems namely (1) how is the bonus system at PT.Melia Sehat Sejahtera in Jember district, (2) how is the review of Sharia Economic Law against the bonus system at PT. Melia Sehat Sejahtera in Jember district. This study uses a field research method with a descriptive approach which is useful for providing information, facts and data regarding the network bonus system at PT.Melia Sehat Sejahtera in Jember district. Then the data was analyzed using qualitative methods to uncover events, phenomena, facts and circumstances that actually occurred in the field. From this study it can be concluded that the bonus system at PT. Melia Sehat Sejahtera in Jember district has five types of bonuses, namely: sponsor bonuses, leadership bonuses, retail bonuses, retail group bonuses and unilevel bonuses. Meanwhile, according to Sharia Economic Law, the bonus system at PT. Melia Sehat Sejahtera in Jember district isThis can be done because it is in accordance with Islamic law.    

The inventory system is one of the most important managerial functions, because the majority of companies involve large investments in this aspect, as well as for PT Sango Ceramics Indonesia which uses a lot of inventory in the field of planning and controlling its inventory costs. PT Sango Ceramics Indonesia is a company engaged in the ceramic industry. Problems that often occur so far include the company not determining the frequency of ordering raw materials and storing raw materials, as a result the costs incurred by the company for ordering raw materials are quite high, and the absence of a safety stock to anticipate uncertain inventory needs. The Periodic Review method is a method that can help the process of controlling raw material inventory costs. This method uses an approach to the concept of the number of orders economically used in each period which is a diverse demand. The application of the Periodic Review Method (R, s, s) policy on the inventory system is able to produce a lower total inventory cost, order volume and inventory levels in a balanced manner. . Judging from these problems, the authors need to redesign the stock information system using a computer-based system, namely Microsoft Visual Basic. System design using Qlient Server which consists of input design, system design and procedure, output design fiber. This new system is expected to be able to overcome the weaknesses of the previously used information system.

With the increasing development of technology the more variety of books circulating on the internet. As is the recommendation system on online book sites that provide books relevantly and as needed with one's preferences. One alternative is GoodReads, a social networking site that specializes in cataloging books and users can share reading book recommendations with each other by rating, reviewing, and commenting. As a large book recommendation site, it has a lot of data that can be processed by applying machine learning methods, but still not known as the most accurate model. By using the right model, we can provide more accurate recommendations. Therefore, this study will analyze the data obtained from the www.kaggle.com namely the goodreads-books dataset. This study proposed a data mining classification model to get the best model in recommending books on GoodReads. The algorithms used are Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and Support Vector Classifier, then for model evaluation using accuracy, precision, recall, f1-score, confusion matrix, AUC, and Mean Error Absolute. The test results of several classification algorithms found that Decision Tree has the highest accuracy among the methods presented by 99.95%, precision by 100%, recall by 96%, f1-score of 98% with MAE of 0.05 and AUC of 99.96%. This is proof that decision tree algorithms can be used as book recommendations based on book categories on GoodReads.

Marriage is a contract that contains the prohibition of something that was strictly forbidden before. This is a relationship between the opposite sex. Thus, sufficient understanding is needed regarding the conditions and pillars that must be fulfilled so that the marriage is carried out in accordance with religious provisions. In Indonesia, the family system—the implementation of which determines whether or not to marry—varies. From here the author is interested in studying mahram relationships that have been determined by religion. The aim of this research is to describe and classify who can marry and who cannot, based on the interpretation of the holy Koran. This research is library research, which is descriptive qualitative in nature by conducting a literature review related to the themes presented. The data is then analyzed and produces conclusions. The results of the research show that the family relationships implemented are in accordance with the provisions provided by the Shari'a. It is not permissible to marry only if it is customary and does not touch halal and haram within a religious framework, so that existing marriages are valid because they fulfill the requirements and are in harmony with each other religiously.  

Early marriage is a phenomenon that still occurs frequently, especially in communities with rural cultures. And especially in village communities that uphold religious values, as is the case in the community of Sumberjambe District, Jember Regency. Sumberjambe itself is an area in Jember Regency which is close to the forestry area and is located under the slopes of Mount Raung. The review used in this research is the maqashid sharia theory in order to obtain an objective conclusion. The aim of this research is to determine the factors behind the occurrence of early marriage in Sumberjambe District and analyze the views of religious leaders regarding early marriage from a maqashid sharia perspective. The approach used in this research is a descriptive-qualitative approach with the type of field research. And the results of this research are among the first, it was found that several factors were behind the occurrence of early marriage in Sumberjambe District, including economic factors, in this case there were several parents who wanted to immediately let go of their children in the hope of reducing the cost of living in the family. Then there is the promiscuity factor, many people think that communication using social media makes teenagers free from parental supervision, resulting in out-of-wedlock pregnancies and marriage is the solution.

Early marriage is a phenomenon that still occurs frequently, especially in communities with rural cultures. And especially in village communities that uphold religious values, as is the case in the community of Sumberjambe District, Jember Regency. Sumberjambe itself is an area in Jember Regency which is close to the forestry area and is located under the slopes of Mount Raung. The review used in this research is the maqashid sharia theory in order to obtain an objective conclusion. The aim of this research is to determine the factors behind the occurrence of early marriage in Sumberjambe District and analyze the views of religious leaders regarding early marriage from a maqashid sharia perspective. The approach used in this research is a descriptive-qualitative approach with the type of field research. And the results of this research are among the first, it was found that several factors were behind the occurrence of early marriage in Sumberjambe District, including economic factors, in this case there were several parents who wanted to immediately let go of their children in the hope of reducing the cost of living in the family. Then there is the promiscuity factor, many people think that communication using social media makes teenagers free from parental supervision, resulting in out-of-wedlock pregnancies and marriage is the solution.

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of the Salatiga Current Group Expedition, this study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The research data are in the form of financial reports of the Current Expedition Group from 2014 to 2018. The research was conducted at the Current Expedition Group for 3 months which took place during August to October 2019. The purpose of this study was to look at the company's financial performance of the Current Expedition Group, reviewed in terms of liquidity, solvency and profitability by using descriptive research methods and data collection techniques in the form of documentation / literature in the form of secondary data, namely the annual report of the Current Expedition Group. 

This article aims to describe the review of Islamic law on the obligations of a father who abandoned the maintenance of the child in the decision of the Supreme Court number 608/K/AG/2003 and describing a living madliyah children after divorce based on the protection of children's rights in Law Number 23 Year 2002 on the Protection of Children. This research is included in the type of normative legal research, using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The processing of legal materials in normative legal research is by means of literature studies which are described and then linked between one legal material and other legal materials, especially the relationship between the elements covered in the research problem. So it is presented in a systematic writing form to answer the problems that have been formulated in this research. The result showed that the duty of a father to meet child support does not become payable if the elapsed time, but it could be due to maintenance if there is a decision of the judge. This imposition on the grounds that the father in condition to be able to work deliberately remiss. Supreme Court Decision No. 608/K/AG/2003 does not conflict with Islamic law. Every parent has an obligation to be responsible for nurturing, nurture, educate, and protect children. Deliberateness of a father neglects the obligation to provide maintenance, so that children can not get their rights and suffer a loss, then it can be described as acts of negligence as regulated in Law Number 23 of 2002 on the Protection of Children

Zakat is the third pillar of Islam that must be performed by Muslims worldwide. It is an obligation that all Muslims fulfill by giving basic foods and other wealth. In return, some of the underprivileged and deserving groups enjoy donations from fellow Muslims. Zakat is not receiving certain assets prescribed by religion. Rather, Zakat is donated in the form of benefits that may be categorized as things that are quite needed. Such as the donation of clean water after reviewing the amount of water that is not suitable for consumption and use. Another example is the benefit of sanitation that has efforts to reduce the symptoms of infectious and dangerous diseases. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the form of sanitation zakat and how the view of Islamic law on sanitation zakat. The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. In this study there are two things that will be analyzed, namely sanitation zakat and sanitation zakat in the view of Islam. Observation or observation is a data collection activity used to collect data in research through the five senses or can be interpreted as observation in systematic recording of symptoms that appear on the object of research. Sanitation in principle is a deliberate behavior in the culture of clean living with the intention of preventing humans from direct contact with dirt and other hazardous waste materials, with the hope that this effort will maintain and improve human health. Waste materials can cause health problems. These include human or animal feces, solid waste materials, domestic waste water (laundry, urine, bathing or laundry waste materials), industrial waste materials and agricultural waste materials.

Medical aesthetic tourismberkembang pesat beberapa tahun terakhir. Kajian terhadap perlindungan hukumnya perlu diperdalam agar tren ini dapat memberikan rasa aman bagi pelakunya. Tujuan artikel ini untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis Perlindungan Hukum medical aesthetic tourism. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian doktrinal yang mengacu pada sumber data primer, sekunder dan tersier, dengan teknis analisis data interaktif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan perlindungan hukum medical aesthetic tourism terkait pada standarisasi pelayanan medik, standar keamanan produk, asuransi, litigasi risiko medik selama tindakan dan perawatan.  Perlindungan hukum ini dikaji dengan perspektif Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, serta hukum internasional yang terkait.Ulasan literatur naratif ini berfokus pada masalah perlindungan hukum wisatawan yang mendapatkan perawatan medical aesthetic tourism di luar negeriKata Kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, Medical Aesthetic, TourismABSTRACTMedical Aesthetic Tourism shows significant growth in recent years. A study on its law protection should be conducted more in-depth to enable this trend to give the feeling of secure to its actors. This article aimed to study and to analyze Law Protection of Medical Aesthetic Tourism. This study was a doctrinal research referring to primary, secondary and tertiary data sources, with interactive technique of analyzing data.  The result showed the Law Protection of Medical Aesthetic Tourism related to medical service standardization, product security standard, insurance, medical risk litigation during action and treatment. This law protection is studied from the perspective of Pancasila and Republic of Indonesia’s 1945 Constitution, and related international law. This narrative literature review focused on the problem of law protection for the tourists getting Medical Aesthetic Tourism treatment abroad.

Lending often occurs in a loan agreement (credit), which is a State party to the debtor's inability to pay an obligation that has been mutually agreed by the lender so that losses on the part of creditors as occur at the KSP Artha True Semarang. As for the purpose of this research is to know and understand what factors being the cause of the occurrence of loans (bad credit) as well as settling the loan (bad credit) happens on the KSP Artha True Semarang. The methods used in the writing of this is empirical method that uses an approach from the aspect arising in field, which has the nature of a real legal who live in thecommunity. Formulation of the problem examined in this thesis is how writing reviews of juridical agreement loan (credit) in cooperative Artha True Semarang, what are the factors that led to the loan (kreditmacet) on Cooperative Artha True Semarang, and how the process of rescue and settlement of loans (kerdit jam) of the true Artha padaKoperasi Semarang Formulation of the problem examined in this thesis is how writing reviews of juridical agreement loan (credit) in cooperative Artha True Semarang, what are the factors that led to the loan (kreditmacet) on Cooperative Artha True Semarang, and how the process of rescue and settlement of loans (kerdit jam) of the true Artha on Cooperative Semarang From this research can generate external factors which are the cause of loan (kerdit jam) is the debtor experienced barriers/difficulties in economic needs due to an accident causing late payment in pay off in installments. While the internal factor is the weak information and oversight in causing the credit turnaround supervision be not maximum. And the efforts made in the settlement of bad debts in the KSP Artha Semarang is True through the settlement outside the Court/non litigation and settlement in court, as well as save existing assets.

In Indonesia, there has been no unification or no entity which regulates adoption. Fostering or adoption is still causing problems for communities and governments. Not only in terms of the appointment, but also the problem of the division of property of the adoptive parents. Based on this, the authors raised the title "Judicial Review was borrowed against Children Raise In The Compilation of Islamic Law (Case Study sues Inheritance Case Number: 029 / Pdt.G / 2014 / PTA.Smg)".The formulation of the problem of legal writing this study is (1) How was borrowed Against Judicial Review Adopted In KHI (Compilation of Islamic Law)? (2) How does the provision of the foster child is based on was borrowed from the estate of her adoptive parents in the case of contested inheritance case Number : 029 / Pdt.G/ 2014 / PTA.Smg? This study uses normative juridical approach to the specification of descriptive analytical research, the research aims to describe the legal review inheritance rights of adopted children according to Islamic Law Compilation (Case Study sues Inheritance Case Number: 029 / Pdt.G / 2014 / PTA.Smg). Besides, in this study, the authors used secondary data consisting of secondary law and primary legal materials. How to collect data through library research. Library method is done by examining the primary legal materials, and secondary on granting was borrowed against adopted children. Research results obtained are based on a review of juridical was borrowed against the adopted child in Compilation of Islamic Law, a foster child who did not inherit from his adoptive parents can get the name of administration, where the provision of children's lift can be done through was borrowed, as stated in Article 209 KHI , Giving the foster child is based on was borrowed from the estate of her adoptive parents in the case of contested inheritance case Number: 029 / Pdt.G / 2014 / PTA.Smg namely, the adopted child can receive inheritance from her adoptive parents or heir through "was borrowed" a maximum the amount of 1/3 (one third) part of the overall property adoptive parents as article 209 Compilation of Islamic Law in Indonesia, with the proviso is not an heir and has not received agrant.