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This research analyzes bilingualism in the context of Generation Z's social identity formation. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this research investigates how the use of diverse languages, including bilingualism, affects the way generation Z interacts, thinks and behaves. The results show that bilingualism is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also an important indicator in shaping a unique and dynamic social identity. The research also highlights the role of digital technology in enriching and modifying language, as well as how generation Z's social identity is formed and developed in the era of globalization. Thus, this journal makes a significant contribution in understanding the complexity of generation Z's social identity and the implications of analyzing bilingualism in the modern social context.

The implementation of this service program is intended so that the community can contribute to reducing environmental pollution as well as so that the community can also utilize plastic waste into valuable products. East Cempaka Mulia Village is a village located along the Cempaga River, the problem in this village is one of them related to plastic waste. This program aims to encourage residents to utilize waste that produces use value and also provide creative solutions in more sustainable waste management.  The PAR (Participatory Action Research) method is a service approach that focuses on identifying problems in society and finding solutions to them (Problem Solving). The result of the service, namely overcoming plastic waste, is by recycling plastic waste using the ecobrick method, namely utilizing waste through plastic bottles.

This community service program was implemented to address the low literacy levels among students in remote areas of Central Kalimantan, specifically at SDN 1 Tongka, Gunung Timang District, North Barito Regency. The main objective of the program was to implement a literacy corner as a strategy to improve student literacy and create a sustainable literacy ecosystem in the school environment. The method used included participatory and adaptive approaches, applying the concept of a "mobile literacy corner" adapted to the limitations of local space and resources. The program was carried out over 45 days, covering preparation, implementation, and evaluation phases. The results showed a significant increase in students' reading interest, with a 68% rise in the frequency of visits to the literacy corner. Pre-test and post-test evaluations indicated an average increase in students' literacy skills of 27%, particularly in reading comprehension and vocabulary mastery. Participatory observation revealed the formation of a stronger literacy culture in the school environment, characterized by student-initiated literacy discussions and increased use of references in academic tasks. The program also successfully developed an adaptive and contextual model for implementing literacy corners, which has the potential to be replicated in other remote areas of Indonesia.

Inheritance law is a law that regulates the transfer of assets left by a deceased person and its consequences for his heirs. Inheritance law is one element of customary law in Indonesia. The patrilineal principle, in which inheritance prioritizes the male lineage, is upheld in Batak inheritance law. According to Batak customary law, men and women are treated differently. The type of research is normative juridical. The data source is a secondary data source. The nature of the research is descriptive analytical. Data collection techniques are literature studies and document studies. Data analysis uses a qualitative approach method. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the Batak customary law system as a source of inheritance law in Indonesia, and to determine the implementation of Batak customary law on inheritance law in Indonesia. The inheritance system in Batak society adheres to the Patrilineal Principle. In this principle, the position and influence of men in Batak customary inheritance law are very strong. According to civil law, inheritance is defined as a set of legal provisions that regulate the general legal consequences in the field of property law arising from a person's death. Based on this theory, it can be concluded that the position of Batak boys and girls in the inheritance distribution system and the application of customary law in the distribution of inheritance for boys and girls is in harmony. The Batak Toba customary inheritance law is the basis for the distribution of inheritance in its unique society. Its teachings that include inheritance flowing through the male line are cassation and dakdanak. According to the Batak Toba inheritance law, this uniqueness gives the status of first heir to the eldest son of the family, thus giving him his own identity. The customary inheritance law system in Indonesia generally tends to follow positive legal norms, although the principle of dakdanak emphasizes more on justice in the distribution of inheritance. However, when the legislation on Batak Toba customary inheritance is included in the framework of affirmative legislation, the situation becomes complicated. The principles of positive law that respect women's inheritance rights, especially those related to inheritance of movable property, conflict with the Batak Toba customary law system which automatically inherits property to sons from the paternal line. Positive law attempts to take this understanding into account, but there are still potential problems due to the fundamental differences between the two legal systems that must be resolved.

This research aims to determine the strategy for realizing social harmony in Islamic and Christian communities in Bukit Malintang District, Mandailing Natal Regency, knowing the forms and forms of social harmony and the efforts made to create social harmony in Islamic and Christian communities in Bukit Malintang District, Mandailing Regency. Christmas 2024. This research uses qualitative research methods. Data collection in this research uses observation, interviews and documentation techniques. Social harmony is compatibility, suitability, balance and justice which provides a sense of security, peace and prosperity to all mankind. Broadly speaking, it means the existence of brotherhood and togetherness between religious communities even though they are different in terms of ethnicity, race and class. The results of this research show that in the villages of Promisematogu and Lambou Dahlul Ihsan, each religion teaches to live in peace and tranquility. The importance of awareness among the adherents of each religion makes it very easy to establish social harmony in society. So that people can live in peace, help each other, respect each other, in everyday life. Religious figures also often emphasize the importance of tolerance as a basis for peaceful coexistence. By implementing the Dalihan Na Tolu system, the kinship system has an important meaning that looks at the relationship between Islamic and Christian communities in the kinship system incorporated in Dalian Na Tolu, overcoming relationships that are built on the basis of inter-religious brotherhood.

Community economic empowerment is something that is really needed by the community to improve the quality of life by managing and developing the resources and potential they have. This research aims to determine economic empowerment efforts through Gabe Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Sipan Village, Sarudik District, Central Tapanuli Regency. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, the data collection methods used are observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that the economic empowerment efforts carried out through BUMDes are exploring the village's potential for establishing business units, establishing 3 business units such as swimming pools, gallon business units, renting party kitchen equipment, and the final effort is recruiting workers. The driving factors in managing BUMDes are support from the government, community involvement, and natural resources and local potential. The implications of community economic empowerment through BUMDes are increasing local economic income or original village income and opening up employment opportunities for some of the Sipan village community. With efforts to empower the community's economy through BUMDes, it is hoped that it can further improve the village and community economy.  

The background of this research related to Social Interaction is defined as a dynamic mutual social relationship, which concerns the relationship between individuals, individuals and groups, groups and groups. The main problem in this study is to understand the interaction of religious people in increasing solidarity between religious communities in Bukit Nenas Village by looking at the many positive activities carried out in the Bukit Nenas Village area. Cooperation carried out by religious communities is Islam, Protestant Christianity, Catholicism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Especially when Muslims are performing worship during the holidays, people who live close to the mosque environment voluntarily help maintain security around the place of worship and who maintain that security from other Protestant and Catholic Christians. To see the benefits of the formation of a sense of solidarity between others, the researcher is interested in further studying the benefits of community interaction and its influence in realizing social solidarity in Bukit Nenas Village. The results of this study show that the influence of community interaction on socio-religious life in the village is very numerous, including from the social side, establishing good communication between communities, both communities around the house and communities that are far away and different environments, realizing and increasing community solidarity, and maintaining brotherhood. The benefit from the religious side is that harmony that has been maintained to this day can be used as an example by many people and other regions. Judging from the culture of interaction between communities that have cultural differences, the community knows about other cultures.

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant influence of the pedagogical competence of Christian Religious Education teachers on the learning activity of class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency in the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive inferential method. The population was all class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Tarutung totaling 274 students and a sample of 35 people was determined using Purposive Sampling. Data were collected with a closed questionnaire of 34 items. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant influence of the Pedagogical Competence of Christian Religious Education Teachers on the Learning Activity of Class XI Students of SMA Negeri 2 Tarutung, North Tapanuli Regency in the 2024/2025 Academic Year, as evidenced by the following data analysis: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) a positive relationship test obtained a value of rxy = 0.619> rtable ( = 0.05, n = 35) = 0.334. b) Test of significant relationship obtained tcount value = 4.524 > ttable ( = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 33) = 2.042. 2) Test of influence: a) Test of regression equation, obtained regression equation Y ̂="16.36" + 0.65X. b) Test of regression determination coefficient (r2) = 38.3%. 3) Hypothesis test using F test obtained Fcount > Ftable = ( = 0.05, dk numerator k = 21, dk denominator = n-2 = 35-2 = 33) which is 20.43 > 1.62. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

The purpose of this study is to describe the spirituality of children aged 8-12 years in Aek Raja Village after the earthquake in 2022. The research method used is qualitative research. The informant determination technique is purposive sampling based on certain criteria that are in accordance with the research topic. The data collection technique for this study is using semi-structured interviews and documentation in the form of images. Based on the results of the research that has been conducted by the author, children in Aek Raja Village are increasingly active in participating in church activities after the natural disaster that occurred several years ago. Then they are more diligent in communicating with God through prayer. In the Christian faith, praying is not a spiritual activity that is done when someone has time to do it. Praying is also not done when someone has important needs or Likewise, children in Aek Raja Village have communicated with God the Creator through prayer. Children also believe in God. Likewise, children in Aek Raja Village, that they should be children of God always believe in God through the faith they have. Then children have love for others. Love for God is manifested through total obedience to His commandments and living according to His will written in the Word. This love for God becomes a solid foundation for love for others and love for oneself. Love is the essence of God, the nature of God, and the attributes of God. God has given His love to humans, therefore, humans are also expected to give love to Him and love one another. This is because only through mutual love between humans, love for God can be reflected well in human life. Likewise, the children in the village of Aek Raja that children already love others, especially their parents.

Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) program in Wonorejo Village, Karanganyar District, Kebumen Regency, aims to bridge academic theory with community practice through the preservation of pandan leaf weaving crafts and the strengthening of local SMEs. This program involves students from Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto for 32 days, focusing on increasing youth interest in traditional crafts and innovating product packaging. Methods employed include observation, field research, and training. Results indicate a decline in young artisans and a need for innovative packaging designs to improve product marketing. Social learning and innovation theories are used to encourage youth participation and enhance product appeal. The program faces challenges in attracting youth interest and the need for appropriate training. In conclusion, KKN successfully applies social and economic theories to address local issues, resulting in social changes that include economic development, skill enhancement, and the creation of a sustainable community.

This research aims to explain how moral principles are assimilated in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) learning at SMP Panca Budi Medan. Internalization of moral ideals refers to efforts made to develop moral behavior consistent with Islamic beliefs. This is accomplished by the use of techniques such as example, practice, and direction. In this context, IRE subjects play a vital role in developing religious and responsible students. This study took a qualitative approach, with data gathered through 16 weeks of observation and conversation with educators. The study's findings indicate that a systematic learning strategy, which incorporates congregational prayer and reading the Koran before classes, is beneficial in raising pupils' moral consciousness. However, various issues exist, such as students' lack of awareness and a limited learning time. This research aims to improve character education in schools and serve as a resource for educators to properly implement moral ideals.

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the madrasah principal in implementing TQM and to determine the strategy in maintaining a quality culture based on TQM at MTsN 5 West Aceh. This research method is descriptive qualitative. The collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of the study were the Madrasah Principal, Deputy Curriculum, Deputy Student Affairs, Treasurer, Teachers, Students, Head of Administration, and Library Manager totaling 16 people. The data analysis technique was the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model. The results of the study obtained were: (1) the role of the madrasah principal in implementing TQM includes as an educator, as a manager, as an administrator, as a leader, and as an innovator. While the implementation of TQM that has been carried out by the madrasah principal includes: customer satisfaction, leadership, respect for everyone, and continuous improvement; (2) The Madrasah Principal's Strategy in Maintaining a Quality Culture Based on TQM includes increasing the competence of madrasah HR, creating good communication or relationships and cooperation between madrasah residents.

The low participation of participants in Nadwah Usbuiyyah is caused by a lack of encouragement and ineffective management of activities. Therefore, the researcher proposes collaboration between Arabic language development institutions to exchange ideas and formulate concrete steps in creating innovative solutions. This study aims to develop a collaborative strategy design as an effort to increase the participation of participants in Nadwah Usbu’iyyah at IAIN Palopo. The involved institutions include the Language Development Unit, the Arabic Language Education Study Program, and the Student Association of the Arabic Language Education Study Program. The method used is Research & Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, consisting of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, conducted from August to September 2024. Data collection techniques include interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and documentation. The results indicate the validity level of the collaborative strategy design by language validators at 89% and content validators at 93%, both categorized as very valid. The FGD assessment also shows a feasibility rate of 91%, indicating that this strategy design is highly suitable for implementation in Nadwah Usbuiyyah activities.

Water quality plays an important role in maintaining the balance of aquatic ecosystems, including the abundance and diversity of plankton. This study aims to analyze the effect of various water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, brightness, and turbidity on plankton diversity in Bozem. Data were obtained from eight observation stations with water quality parameter measurements and plankton sampling. The results showed that the water quality in Bozem was not optimal, with low DO values ​​(1.79 mg/L), high water temperatures (average 31.05°C), and low brightness (0.30 m), which contributed to the decline in plankton abundance. A total of 39 plankton genera were identified, with Synedra as the most dominant genus. Poor water quality inhibits plankton growth, which can impact the balance of the food chain in these waters. This study shows the importance of better water quality management to maintain the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems in Bozem. This study also contributes to the understanding of the multifactorial interactions between water quality parameters and plankton.  

This research aims to determine the analysis of increasing customer engagement with brand experience and visual brand communication (survey of Scarlett Whitening users in Tasikmalaya City, West Java). The method used in this research is causality through a survey approach. With a research sample of 100 Scarlett Whitening users in Tasikmalaya City, West Java. The data used is primary data. The analytical tool used in this research is multiple regression using SPSS 26.0. The research results show that the Brand Experience obtained from the Brand Experience of Scarlett Whitening Users in Tasikmalaya City, West Java has good criteria. Visual Brand Communication at Scarlett Whitening di Kota Tasikmalaya Jawa Barat has good assessment criteria, Customer Engagement for Scarlett Whitening Users in Tasikmalaya City, West Java has good criteria. Together Brand Experience and Visual Brand Communication have a significant influence on Customer Engagement. Partially, Brand Experience has a significant influence on Customer Engagement. Partially, Visual Brand Communication has a positive and significant effect on Customer Engagement.

This research aims to determine the influence of leadership style and organizational culture on employee work discipline at the DPMPTSPTK Office, Tasikmalaya Regency. This research uses quantitative research with a descriptive approach and verification research. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data, with a research sample of 57 respondents from employees of the Tasikmalaya Regency DPMPTSPTK Office, and using a saturated sample method. The data analysis tool used in this research is IBM SPSS Version 25. Data collection techniques use literature studies, interviews, questionnaires. The research results show that leadership style and employee organizational culture simultaneously have a significant effect on employee work discipline. Leadership style partially has a significant effect on employee work discipline. Organizational culture partially has no significant effect on employee work discipline.

Sinar Inti Telaga was founded in 1986, then transformed into PT Serasi Autoraya in 1990 by introducing the trademark "Toyota A Car". PT. Serasi Autoraya (TRAC) is an international subsidiary. Tbk which is now widely known as one of the largest transportation and logistics service companies in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of compensation and work discipline on the performance of PT. Serasi Autoraya (TRAC) in this research uses independent variables, namely compensation (X1) and work discipline (X2) as well as the dependent variable, namely employee performance (Y). The population of this study were employees of PT. Serasi Autoraya (TRAC). The sample used the Puprosive Sampling method, data collection by collecting questionnaires online with Google from to 50 respondents. The method in this research uses quantitative statistical methods. Quantitative statistical analysis includes validity tests, reliability tests, multiple linear analysis. Other hypothesis testing includes classical assumption tests, including data normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, T test, F test, and coefficient of determination test (R2). The data was processed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) 25.0 photo windows program. The test results of the T (Partial) test on the compensation variable (X1) show that the sig 0.004 < 0.05 and t value 3,028 > 2,010 (t table) test results on the T (Partial) test on the work discipline variable, namely 0.000 < 0.05 and t value 6,081 > 2,010 (t table). The test results of the F test (Simultaneous) show that the sig value is 0.000 < 0.05 and the calculated f value is 49,966 > 3.19 (f table) and it can be concluded that compensation (X1) and work discipline (X2) have a positive and significant effect on performance employee (Y).

This study aims to examine “The effect of work motivation and salary on employee productivity performance”. The background of this research is the decline in productivity that occurred at PT Integra Indocabinet in 2012 and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sample in this study were employees at PT Integra Indocabinet Sedati Sidoarjo East Java, totaling 100 people as respondents taken using the Slovin formula. The sampling technique used in this study is non probability sampling, namely techniques that do not buy opportunities or become samples. By using a questionnaire method 4 Likert scale. From the results of hypothesis testing, it shows that 1) motivation has no significant positive effect on employee performance when the t statistical test is carried out, 2) salary has a significant positive effect on employee performance, 3) motivation and salary on productivity simultaneously have a significant positive effect.

Human resource management is the development of human resources that functions in carrying out human resource planning, implementation, recruitment, training, employee career development and conducting initiatives for the organizational development of an organization or company. The purpose of this study was to determine the organizational culture and work discipline affect employee performance. In this study, researchers used statistical quantitative analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and coefficient of determination analysis with the help of IBM SPSS 25 software. The sample used in this study was a saturated sample of 40 employees. The results of this study obtained using the t test that organizational culture partially has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significant level of 0.002 <0.05 and t test results of 3.316> 2.022. Work discipline partially has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a significant level of 0.001 <0.05 and t test results of 3.491> 2.022. Organizational culture and work discipline simultaneously have a positive and significant effect with a significant level of 0.000 <0.05 and F test results of 17,066> 3.25 on employee performance.

The process of issuing the Port Health Quarantine Clearance (PHQC) document for vessel health at the Class I Quarantine Health Office by PT. TarunaCipta Kencana Dumai Branch ensures that every ship entering a port is in a healthy condition, free from diseases and pests. The issuance of the vessel health document is handled by the Quarantine Health Office. Before docking at Dumai port, PT. TarunaCipta Kencana acts as an agency representing the ship owner/principal in handling all matters related to the vessel’s interests. The company can also appoint other sub-agents to serve other vessels. PT. TarunaCipta Kencana Dumai Branch collaborates with various related agencies at Dumai port, providing services for the ship and crew (ABK) before, during, and after docking. The issuance of the vessel health quarantine document begins with a submission by the agent to the Quarantine Health Office (BKK), followed by an inspection by health officers, and finally issuing the Certificate of Free Pratique (COP) and PHQC. The data collection methods used were Field Research and Library Research, ensuring that the process of issuing PHQC documents adheres to established procedures.