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Freedom of religion is still very low in Indonesia. This clearly violates human rights stipulated in Article 22 of Human Rights Law Number 39 of 1999. This research aims to show why violations of freedom of religion continue to occur or discriminatory and intolerant behavior that is often anarchic. This research uses normative juridical with qualitative approach, which means collecting and using information relevant to the research subject. For this research, the nature is descriptive analysis. Secondary data is the data source. The fact that discrimination cases continue to occur shows that the Indonesian government must make improvements and evaluations in the law enforcement sector and government apparatus, as well as provide guidance to the community.

The knowledge of medicine and treatment, also known as Jamu, is one of the most important areas of Traditional Knowledge. It is widespread among indigenous peoples and local communities, and is an integral part of the communal rights held by indigenous peoples. Almost all indigenous peoples have developed knowledge about plants for various purposes, especially for medicine. The use of biodiversity as an ingredient in medicinal herbs has been a common practice in Indonesia for centuries. The question that arises is whether the knowledge of Jamu has received adequate protection from the government againts the rights of indigenous peoples related to Traditional Knowledge. This is the focus of the author attention in this discussion. This research discusses the regulation of communal intellectual property in the legal framework used to protect the knowledge of traditional herbal medicine, and how the effectiveness of legal protection of communal intellectual property on traditional herbal medicine knowledge. The purposes of this study is to determine the legal protection of traditional knowledge and analyze the positive legal regulations. This research method used by researchers is the normative juridical approach method. The results of the research conducted by the author in this thesis can be concluded that Traditional Protection on Jamu needs to be protected in accordance with the concept of protection of Philipus M. Hadjon, namely by means of preventive protection and repressive protection.

This systematic literature review evaluates the existing research on capital structure and financing decisions within the property and real estate sector of Southeast Asia (ASEAN). Despite the sector's dynamic growth and substantial investments, the financial strategies specific to ASEAN remain minimally explored. A methodical review of scholarly articles from ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar spanning from 2000 to 2023. Our analysis identified prevalent themes and trends, notably the application of traditional capital structure theories such as pecking order and trade-off theories to more developed markets. However, the review highlights a significant gap in empirical research focusing on the unique economic, regulatory, and market conditions in ASEAN that crucially impact capital structure and financing choices in the region's property sector. The findings emphasize the need for more targeted empirical studies that account for the socio-economic diversity and specific institutional frameworks of ASEAN countries. These studies aim to enhance understanding of the financing behaviors in their property and real estate markets, thus aiding policymakers and investors in crafting informed strategies and policies.  

This article discusses the important role of teaching the Indonesian language for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) in supporting the internationalization of the language of Indonesia, with a focus on the use of the culinary material "Timlo Solo" in learning BIPA at Yale University. Through a qualitative method with a literature study approach, the study reviews the history, variation, way of making, culinary location, and role in Timlo Solo's local culinarian culture. The results of the study show that the use of Timlo solo's cooking lessons helps foreign students understand not only language, but also the cultural context, social life, and norms in Indonesia. By using culinary as a teaching material, BIPA students can gain a deeper understanding of Indonesian cultural diversity. In addition, the culinary integration in BIPA learning enriches the learning experience with practical and enjoyable aspects. In the context of the internationalization of the Indonesian language, the use of Timlo Solo’s culinary lessons at Yale University is a significant step in broadening the understanding and appreciation of Indonesia’s culture among foreign students.

Craft arts will continue to develop and become more interesting and unique as time goes by. The world of art is actually able to create diversity that is of interest to many groups. There are many unique phenomena in the development of woven art or also known as woven. Wicker is basically an inanimate object that can be related to daily activities, especially in the world of architecture or craft products which include interior and exterior aesthetic values. This woven material can be made into a miniature form which can produce various kinds of results such as baskets, mats, bags and crafts. This woven material can be made using various media, for example paper, bamboo, ribbon, etc. Creativity is part of the field of fine arts that can be used in production or creative activities. Various activities in the field of fine arts can provide opportunities to develop the creativity of elementary school children. Creative activities can enable young children to channel their creative talents through several activities, including: drawing; print; stick. Not all children are motivated to channel their talents because there is less encouragement from adults. The cause of low creativity among children in Indonesia is an environment that does not support children to express their creativity, especially the family and school environment. SBDP focuses on students learning skills and arts, this activity can train skills, be creative, actively innovative, for students to work well into the future.

This article offers an analysis of the role of Christian religious education in overcoming radicalism in the Indonesian context. Radicalism in Indonesia is multifaceted, and religious, political, social, and ethnic factors contribute to its prevalence. Religious differences often give rise to misunderstandings and violence which then occurs. Political radicalism stems from power dynamics, including state-sponsored oppression or interstate conflict. Social radicalism manifests through extreme tactics aimed at societal transformation, sometimes ignoring legal norms. Ethnic radicalism promotes a supremacist ideology, justifying violence or discrimination against other ethnic groups. Using qualitative research and literature analysis, this research explores the intersection between Christian education, radicalism, and diversity. The results of research on Christian religious education in Indonesia emphasize values such as diversity, tolerance and peace, which provide a counterweight to radical ideology. By prioritizing these values, Christian education fosters stability across religious, political, social and ethnic dimensions, thereby reducing the risks posed by radicalism. This research underlines the importance of Christian religious education in cultivating a society that is cohesive and tolerant of radical influences.    

The Society 5.0 era is marked by the integration of digital technology in various aspects of life, including the tourism sector. Rapid technological changes, shifting tourist trends and diverse demands from tourists require the tourism sector to adapt according to the demands of the times so that answers are needed to the challenges faced by human resources in the tourism sector in the 5.0 era. This study uses a qualitative approach with a systematic literature review method. The literature approach related to tourism HR challenges was searched comprehensively using relevant keywords in searches through various online databases. The literature selection process was carried out by considering the reputation of the journal and the recency of the publication (last 7 years) and analyzed in depth using the content analysis method. The conclusion from the research findings is that the human resource challenges in the tourism sector in the era of Society 5.0 are: employee turnover trends, developing digital skills, diversity and inclusion, adopting new technology, work-life balance and developing partnerships with educational institutions. The implication of these findings is the importance of tourism sector business actors taking strategic steps in responding to human resource challenges so that the tourism sector remains relevant to current conditions and remains competitive in the Society 5.0 era.

This research aims to describe the development of moderation and pluralism in the midst of globalization. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive-analysis approach and literature study (library research). The main sources in this research are books, articles and other reading sources related to the theme of developing moderation and pluralism amidst globalization. The results of this research are 1) Moderation is a person's attitude that does not side with the extreme right and extreme left. This attitude is in the middle and does not side with either one. This is as stated in an expression, khairul age ausathuha (the best thing is the middle), 2) Indicators of religious moderation include national commitment, tolerance, non-violence and accommodating local culture, 3) Internalization of religious moderation in higher education by means of : a) The existence of indicators of religious moderation, b) Support from all higher education academics, c) The role of lecturers, d) Seminars and the existence of a house for religious moderation. Challenges to religious moderation in Indonesia include: a) Radicalism and extremism b) Limited understanding of religion c) The influence of globalization and d) Religious education that is not yet comprehensive. Pluralism is a philosophical view that does not reduce everything to one final principle, but accepts diversity. Pluralism concerns the religious, cultural and political fields.    

The gaming industry continues to grow rapidly, with various genres having different sales patterns. This research aims to group the best game genres based on sales patterns using the K-Means Medoid algorithm. This method was chosen because of its ability to overcome data diversity and reduce the influence of outliers compared to the conventional K-Means algorithm. The data used in this research includes game sales information from various platforms, which is then analyzed to find distribution patterns and market trends. The results of this research show that certain game genres have superior sales patterns compared to others, and there are special characteristics in the groups that are formed. These findings are expected to help game developers and publishers in making strategic decisions regarding the development and marketing of their products. In addition, this research also contributes to the development of a data-based recommendation system that can be used to understand market preferences more accurately.

Healthcare waste (HCW) is a significant environmental and public health concern due to its hazardous nature, particularly the presence of emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and pathogens. The improper disposal and management of healthcare waste contribute to pollution and pose long-term risks to both human health and ecosystems. This study examines the toxicity risks associated with HCW in areas near healthcare facilities with inadequate waste management practices, showing an increase in toxicity risks by 22% to 30%. The research develops a cumulative risk assessment model that integrates human exposure with ecological risks, considering both direct and synergistic effects of pollutants. The model incorporates various components, including pollutant analysis, bioaccumulation mapping, and long-term exposure modeling, to assess the environmental and health risks of HCW. The findings highlight that inadequate waste management leads to significant pollutant accumulation in local ecosystems, with direct implications for biodiversity and human health. Additionally, the study emphasizes the benefits of applying the One-Health approach, which considers the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, offering a more integrated understanding of the risks posed by HCW pollutants. The research advocates for the incorporation of the One-Health model in healthcare waste management policies to mitigate risks and improve sustainability. Future studies should refine the cumulative risk assessment model and expand it to encompass other environmental waste sources, providing a more comprehensive understanding of pollutant impacts and advancing mitigation strategies.

This article aims to explain why ‘religious moderation’ is essential in preventing intolerance and extremism in Indonesia. This study employs a library research method, including books, journals, encyclopaedias, and dictionaries. The findings of this study indicate that ‘religious moderation’ has the potential to keep religious values relevant and meaningful over time. In conclusion, an important and aligned religious vision and mission can create beauty, peace, brotherhood, and unity in social diversity through ‘religious moderation’. Therefore, there is an urgent need to encourage ‘religious moderation’, namely: religion must be understood and applied to free humans from extreme attitudes and actions that can damage humanity. In this view, religion should not be used as a tool to justify destructive actions. Instead, religion should be a source of creative inspiration that can improve the quality of human life everywhere.

Indonesia is a unitary state with a lot of diversity, including various tribes, languages, religions, and cultures. Because it has so many differences, it is important for this nation to practice moderation in religion in order to prevent divisions that can damage the unity of the country. This research is educational and empirical. From the educational aspect, the focus is on the social aspect of religion in a multicultural society by emphasising the values of moderation. Meanwhile, from the empirical side, researchers will analyse the behaviour and actions of society in the practice of religious moderation. A country that is rich in diversity like Indonesia today often faces the issue of radicalism. Various groups that claim to represent certain interests are growing and openly spreading their ideologies. Therefore, religious moderation is an important element to encourage mutual understanding and respect for differences. It is hoped that this can be realised in harmony between religious communities in the midst of community life. The main objective of this study is to explore how to implement religious moderation as a strategic step to create a more inclusive and harmonious Indonesia in the future. The approach used in this study is a literature review, with a descriptive analysis style, namely examining documents and the implementation of religious moderation programmes in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the government faces various challenges in implementing religious moderation, such as rejection from conservative groups and lack of support from educational institutions. The conclusion of this study is that religious moderation is a key factor in building a harmonious and inclusive Indonesia. This can be achieved by increasing collaboration between the government, religious leaders, and the community in promoting the values of moderation. Thus, religious moderation can be a strong foundation for ensuring peace and social stability in Indonesia.

This research investigates the impact of corporate governance practices on the financial performance of banks. By analyzing data from various banking institutions, the study reveals that effective governance mechanisms, such as board diversity and regulatory compliance, positively influence profitability and risk management. The results provide insights into how banks can enhance their performance through improved governance structures.

Interreligious dialogue is a vital component of religious education, especially in regions marked by cultural and religious diversity. This paper examines the role of interfaith initiatives in secondary education, highlighting their impact on reducing prejudice and fostering peace. Case studies from schools in diverse contexts illustrate how dialoguebased curricula can create a more inclusive and harmonious learning environment. The study concludes with recommendations for policymakers and educators.

Multifaith education has become an essential tool for promoting mutual understanding and coexistence in today’s increasingly pluralistic societies. This article examines the impact of multifaith education programs on fostering tolerance and empathy among students of diverse religious backgrounds. It explores case studies from different countries and provides practical strategies for educators to incorporate multifaith principles into their teaching practices. The findings underscore the transformative potential of religious education in bridging cultural and spiritual divides.

This research aims to describe the form of implementation of the Pancasila student profile at SMAN 2 Medan.The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The research results show that the Pancasila student profile values ​​have been implemented intensively, namely 1) The profile of faith, devotion to God Almighty and noble morals is realized through JUBAH (Juma'at Worship) activities which are carried out every Friday morning and carrying out congregational prayers. 2) The global diversity profile is implemented through discussion and study of various foreign cultures. 3) The mutual cooperation profile is realized through community service activities, group discussions, and the preparation of OSIS work programs. 4) An independent profile is realized through completing daily tasks, taking exams, as well as returning and fixing books in the library. 5) The creative profile is realized by encouraging students to create new things, carrying out activities to recycle waste into useful items in the P5 program. 6) Critical reasoning is carried out through activities to get students used to asking questions in class, discussing, giving arguments to the problems raised, criticizing and respecting differences of opinion. The results of this research can be used as a model in implementing the Pancasila student profile in high school.    

This research aims to describe the form of implementation of the Pancasila student profile at SMAN 2 Medan.The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The research results show that the Pancasila student profile values ​​have been implemented intensively, namely 1) The profile of faith, devotion to God Almighty and noble morals is realized through JUBAH (Juma'at Worship) activities which are carried out every Friday morning and carrying out congregational prayers. 2) The global diversity profile is implemented through discussion and study of various foreign cultures. 3) The mutual cooperation profile is realized through community service activities, group discussions, and the preparation of OSIS work programs. 4) An independent profile is realized through completing daily tasks, taking exams, as well as returning and fixing books in the library. 5) The creative profile is realized by encouraging students to create new things, carrying out activities to recycle waste into useful items in the P5 program. 6) Critical reasoning is carried out through activities to get students used to asking questions in class, discussing, giving arguments to the problems raised, criticizing and respecting differences of opinion. The results of this research can be used as a model in implementing the Pancasila student profile in high school.    

One way to develop learning media is create a catalog based on the local potential of pineapple plantations in Blitar. The aim of this work is to find out the usability of the compiled catalog as a teaching tool for biodiversity material. This study uses the Research and Development (RnD) research method referred to Sugiyono (2017), starting with potential problem analysis, data collection, product design, design validation, and then design review. The tools used by the researchers consisted of validation surveys of media, materials and language experts. The data collected by the researchers were analyzed using quantitative descriptive data analysis techniques. Based on the results of validity tests by media experts, 93% feasibility was achieved with highly feasible criteria, 94% with material experts, and 89% with language experts. The conclusion is the catalog of pineapple pollinator diversity in Blitar feasibility was achieved as a teaching tool.

This study aims to analyze how the appreciation and application of Indonesian national identity at SMAN 14 Medan on symbols and signs that exist in the school ecosystem and the learning process. The type of research used is qualitative research and the methods used are case study and observation methods. The results of the analysis show that there are several signs and symbols related to the identity of the Indonesian nation both of symbols that are visible in real terms or have visualization, as well as in appreciation of values through behavior and actions, especially symbols and signs related to the Indonesian nation identity in the form of Pancasila and diversity. Symbols and signs related to values of diversity is application of Indonesian language and no discrimination, agent of change team, anti bullying posters in school environment. Symbols and signs related to Pancasila values is there are religious activities, application of 5S everymorning, flag ceremony, group assignment in class, and friday clean.    

This study aims to analyze how the appreciation and application of Indonesian national identity at SMAN 14 Medan on symbols and signs that exist in the school ecosystem and the learning process. The type of research used is qualitative research and the methods used are case study and observation methods. The results of the analysis show that there are several signs and symbols related to the identity of the Indonesian nation both of symbols that are visible in real terms or have visualization, as well as in appreciation of values through behavior and actions, especially symbols and signs related to the Indonesian nation identity in the form of Pancasila and diversity. Symbols and signs related to values of diversity is application of Indonesian language and no discrimination, agent of change team, anti bullying posters in school environment. Symbols and signs related to Pancasila values is there are religious activities, application of 5S everymorning, flag ceremony, group assignment in class, and friday clean.