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This legal research aims to examine the provisions of criteria/circumstances that are casuistic in the termination of prosecution based on restorative justice. Prosecutor's Regulation Number 15 of 2020 concerning the Termination of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice mentions the provisions of a quo in Article 5 Paragraph (2) and Article 5 Paragraph (5). The a quo provision in the regulation does not have clear indicators so it is prone to multiple interpretations. The research method used is normative juridical by examining literature materials or secondary data. There are two approaches, namely the legislative approach and the case approach. Data collection techniques are also used interview techniques in the form of questions and answers with the Public Prosecutor of the District Attorney's Office to obtain information that supports this research. The results of the study show that there are no clear indicators of criteria/circumstances of a casuistic nature in the termination of prosecution based on restorative justice has implications for the results of the public prosecutor's decision to consider the application for Restorative Justice. The absence of explanation of the provision was returned to the consideration of the public prosecutor with discretionary authority.  

Village funds disbursed by the government sourced from the APBN are still considered as assets that continue to be targeted by certain Village Heads with low morals. The high political costs to get the number one seat in the village cause people to do anything to get it. Because the village funds disbursed are quite tempting. In just one year in mathematical calculations, the capital spent during the process of getting the position of village head can be returned. Therefore, the suboptimal performance of the village head is due to many stumbling blocks of interest. The village head is no longer focused on the promised programs. The village head only focuses on efforts to return the campaign funds spent so far. The high number of corruption cases that hit the village head if it does not become the government's attention, the disbursement of village funds which were originally intended to make the village strong, advanced and independent will be in vain. That is why the role of the Village Consultative Body is needed here, an independent institution whose status is outside the village government. The function of the BPD which is expressly stated in the village law has not been implemented optimally, this results in village fund leaks always occurring every year in almost all regions of Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal research type, namely research that focuses on research on related laws and regulations. The results of this study indicate that Village Fund Supervision in Improving the Performance of the Village Consultative Body has not been guided and based on the principles of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. The BPD has not fully carried out its functions. And the obstacles experienced are mainly in the HR aspect besides the absence of regulations that explicitly explain how the technical supervision of the allocation of village funds.

Human rights are inherent in every human being who has the same rights, including unilateral termination of an agreement, then these human rights are disturbed and not protected. The research method uses normative legal research, namely the doctrinal method, namely inventorying positive law, finding legal principles and doctrines, synchronizing existing laws and regulations and conducting research by reviewing and examining various existing literature. With the Legislative Approach, Historical Approach, Comparative Approach, and Conceptual Approach. The results of the study indicate that unilateral termination of an agreement has the potential to be categorized as an unlawful act if the unilateral termination of the agreement is carried out without a valid reason, violates the principles of propriety and law, and causes losses to other parties. In addition, unilateral termination of an agreement if carried out without a valid reason violates human rights related to the right to legal certainty and human freedom without discrimination.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that causes an increase in blood glucose levels and can trigger chronic complications in various organs. Diabetic foot exercises are an exercise method carried out by diabetes mellitus sufferers to improve foot health. Goal: foot exercises for DM sufferers are to improve blood circulation, especially in the foot area, apart from strengthening the muscles and small nerves in the feet and preventing complications of diabetic feet, such as blood vessel disorders, open wounds. Method: The method for implementing health education is in the form of pre and post tests, then presentation of material using leaflets as well as demonstrations of foot exercises to prevent diabetes mellitus wounds. By delivering it via leaflets and demonstrations, it is hoped that the entire audience can understand and convey it well. Conclusion: Of the 15 audience members present, all of them understood the education about diabetes mellitus foot exercises which can increase knowledge in preventing foot wounds in diabetes sufferers.

This community service program aims to build religious awareness in the community through Maghrib Tilawah activities at the At-Takwa Mosque, Baru Village, Asahan Regency. This program focuses on children and adolescents, with the aim of getting them used to reading the Qur'an after Maghrib prayers. In this activity, participants are accompanied by ustadz and Community Service (KKN) students who provide guidance on tajwid and correct reading. In addition to improving the ability to read the Qur'an, this activity also teaches Islamic moral values ​​and behavior through short lectures delivered after the tilawah session. Based on the results of observations, this activity succeeded in attracting the active participation of around 30 participants each night. The positive impact can be seen from the increase in the ability to read the Qur'an and changes in the behavior of participants who become more religious. Some challenges in implementing the program include fluctuations in the number of participants and the need for extra guidance for children who still have limitations in reading the Qur'an. With continuous evaluation and adjustment, this program is expected to continue to contribute to increasing religious awareness in the community, as well as creating a strong foundation for the future Qur'anic generation.

This community service activity aims to increase awareness and understanding of early childhood children regarding the importance of saving, especially in facing financial challenges in the future. This program is implemented in Gongsol Village, Merdeka District, Karo Regency, and involves children and parents as the main participants. Through an approach that includes socialization, mentoring, and evaluation, this activity focuses on developing savings habits from an early age as part of basic financial literacy. The methods used in this program include initial surveys, interviews, direct socialization, and the creation of educational media in the form of creative piggy banks to motivate children to be more enthusiastic about saving. The results of this activity show a significant increase in children's understanding of the concept of saving, its benefits, and how to do it effectively. In addition, this program also educates parents about the importance of supporting children in forming savings habits from an early age, in order to prepare them for financial challenges in the future. This socialization has been proven to be able to form a more positive mindset regarding financial management in children, teaching them discipline, responsibility, and independence in managing their pocket money. This program is also expected to be integrated into the school curriculum in the village, to strengthen the habit of saving as part of character education and financial literacy. With ongoing support from various parties, including schools and families, the habit of saving from an early age can be the foundation for the financial stability of individuals and society as a whole.

In order for life to exist on Earth, water is required and is particularly important on ships. Concerns about water scarcity arise because water resources cannot always meet demand. pH has an impact on the quality of drinking water, with an ideal range between 6.5-8.5. Alkaline water with a pH of 8.8 has health benefits, including helping to lower stomach acid and improve body oxygenation. The pH of drinking water recommended by the EPA is between 6.5-8.5 to ensure safe consumption. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of water, on a scale of 0-14, where 7 is considered neutral. The research plans to make a drinking water pH control system using an ESP 32 microcontroller. This research aims to control also monitor the pH of drinking water efficiently using ESP 32 microcontroller. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method to design pH control in drinking water solutions. The phases of the research include using a pH sensor to detect pH values, using an ESP 32 microcontroller to control pH, and validating and improving the product model. Overall system testing in the design of a drinking water pH controller system from water treatment is an important stage to ensure successful integration between all components and desired functionality. This testing process includes several main stages, Hardware Integration Testing: All hardware is physically connected and integrated, including ESP32, relays, solenoid valves, and pH sensors. This test is taken to ensure that all components are properly installed and interact with each other correctly. Software Integration Testing: This type of testing verifies that all features and functions of the system function as intended by the software program responsible for it. This includes testing Wi-Fi connections, integration with the Blynk platform, and programming logic as an automatic water controller. Testing System Functionality: to ensure that the intended features can be run properly, the system is tested in various usage scenarios. This includes testing the water controller automatically. the designed system can function normally and adjust appropriately to the designed controller system. From the data obtained regarding the performance results of the system built, it was found that the pH controller system can be run automatically based on the water that has been set as the set point of the system created. The monitoring system with IoT is also able to run well. The time needed will be more to control the pH in the range of 6.5-8.5.

The detection of computer network attacks is becoming increasingly important as the complexity and frequency of cyber-attacks threatening information systems and network infrastructure continue to rise. These attacks may lead to severe consequences, including data breaches, service disruptions, and financial losses. To address these challenges, artificial intelligence techniques have become a major focus in the development of more effective, adaptive, and reliable intrusion detection systems. Among various classification algorithms, the C4.5 decision tree has demonstrated strong performance due to its simplicity, interpretability, and high classification accuracy. This study aims to apply the C4.5 algorithm for network attack detection using a comprehensive dataset that includes multiple categories of attacks and normal network activities. The proposed methodology consists of several stages, including data preprocessing, feature selection, decision tree model construction, and performance evaluation using standard metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Data preprocessing is performed to handle missing values, normalize data, and reduce noise, thereby improving the overall quality of the dataset and enhancing classification results. The experimental results indicate that the C4.5 decision tree algorithm effectively classifies network traffic into attack and normal categories with a satisfactory level of accuracy. The model successfully identifies attack-related patterns and highlights significant features that influence detection performance. Further analysis reveals that appropriate feature selection and parameter tuning significantly contribute to improving model reliability and robustness. This research provides a valuable contribution to the development of efficient, accurate, and practical network intrusion detection systems. The proposed approach is expected to strengthen information security frameworks and support proactive defense strategies against increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, thereby enhancing the protection of critical network infrastructures.

This study aims to determine the marketing strategy of sangkuriang catfish seeds (Clarias gariepinu var) in Tawamelewe Village, Uepai District, Konawe Regency using SWOT analysis. The respondents in this study were the owner of a catfish hatchery, Mr. Nengah Sama. The results of the analysis of the sangkuriang catfish hatchery business began in 2013 with a pond area of ​​20 ares, until now in 2024 with a pond area of ​​2 ha. The business capital is IDR 3,000,000-5,000,000. up to the current capital of IDR 30,000,000.-50,000,000. The monthly income of UPR Nengah Surya mina reaches IDR 6,000,000.- IDR 8,000,000. if demand is high, the monthly income reaches IDR 8,000,000.- IDR 10,000,000. The results of internal and external factors, the strength factor of the Sangkuriang Catfish Seedling Business in Tawamelewe Village, Uepai District is superior compared to its weaknesses. The opportunity factor in the current condition is quite large compared to its threats. The Sangkuriang Catfish Seedling Business in Tawamelewe Village, Uepai District is currently in Quadrant I, a company that is in quadrant I is a very profitable situation. The company has opportunities and strengths so that it can take advantage of existing opportunities. The strategy that can be done is by supporting aggressive business growth.

This research uses a quantitative approach with the help of Python to solve infimum and supremum problems involving measurements, calculations and data analysis to draw conclusions. This research process consists of several stages: problem identification, modeling a set of numbers or functions, and implementing algorithms in Python to calculate the infimum and supremum. The calculation results are compared with manual analytical solutions to ensure accuracy and efficient use of Python. Sets as a basic concept in programming allow organizing data and logical operations more efficiently. These findings show that Python is not only effective in calculating supremum and infimum, but also speeds up the solution process compared to manual methods. The results of the program execution show that the analyzed set has an infimum fan supremum which is in accordance with the theory, where set 1 has an infimum of 2, set 2 has a supremum of 5, and set 3 has an infimum of 1 and a supremum of 4.

Cargo pumps are very important in the unloading process, especially crude palm oil cargo on tankers. In order for the cargo unloading process to run smoothly, a strategy is needed in the use of cargo pumps. This study aims to find out the factors that cause damage to cargo pumps and the strategy of using cargo pumps so that the process of dismantling crude palm oil in MT Koan can run smoothly. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through observation and interviews. The results showed that cargo pump 1 operated better than cargo pump 2, with 77% of the operating time. Damage to the cargo pump is caused by leaks in the mechanical seal and clogging of dirt. Routine maintenance on cargo pump 1 is more frequent than cargo pump 2. The cargo temperature of crude palm oil is relatively low ranging from 39-40°C and there is a decrease in temperature at one observation point which causes the texture of the cargo to become very thick, thus interfering with the performance of the cargo pump. Based on the results of data analysis of the results of observations and interviews, it can be concluded that the factors that cause damage to cargo pumps at MT Koan are lack of maintenance, low load temperature and performance differences in both cargo pumps.

Background: The most common site of metastases in people with breast cancer is bone metastasis. Patients with advanced phases of cancer are associated with an increased prevalence of several types of metastases, one of which is bone metastasis. Object: Assessment of the risk factors for bone metastases in patients with breast cancer. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 316 patients with breast cancer who either had bone metastases at the time of diagnosis or developed it later on. The study was carried out between January 2013 and April 2018. Three hundred and sixteen patients were assigned into two groups. In the case group, 100 patients with breast cancer had been diagnosed with bone metastasis by CT, MRI, bone scan, and PET scan; in the control group, there were 216 cases in are control group with breast cancer metastasis to sites other than bone. The questionnaire was created to record all factors (with the exception of demographic information), such as age, histopathological reading for invasive lobular carcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma, or another type of cancer, ER status, PR status, Her2neu status, lymph node status and stage, and menopausal status. Results: The majority were 45 years of age or younger, and 96.5% of them had invasive ductal carcinoma in terms of hormonal status. Positive ER and PR status is found in 67.7% and 67.1% of the cases, respectively; 40.5% of the cases had amplified Her2neu receptors, 78.5% of the cases had positive lymph nodes, and 41.9% of the cases had (N1) stage. The highest proportion of bone metastasis was associated with negative ER and PR receptors (46.2% and 49%, respectively), while no significant statistical association (P= 0.65). Conclusion: negative ER, PR status, and Her2neu receptors not amplified, lymph node involvement, age 45 and less, infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) histological type, and menopausal state are significant risk factors for bone metastasis in breast cancer.

Based on the background of the problem that the author puts forward, namely that the author focuses on the problem as the implementation of the tartil method in reading the Al-Qur’an at TPQ Al-Hidayah Jorong Parik Gadang. This research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Implemented at tpq Al-Hidayah Jorong Parik Gadang in August 2023 until completion. The research subjects were teachers and students of tpq Al-Hidayah. The key informant is the techer, the supporting informant is the student. Data collection using interviews, observation, dokumentation. Validity techniques use source triangulary and engineering triangulary. Based on the results of research conducted in the application of reading the Al-Qur’an at tpq Al-Hidayah Jorong parik Gadang using the tartil method, namely effective in reading using the tartil method, in the application process it can be seen that stuudents have practiced how to read the Al-Qur’an well andin reading it they are fluent, true in accordance with the science of tajwid, fashaha, and rhythm, but there are some students who cannot yet because they have holidays, or don’t pay enough attention and pay attention to the teacher, therefore the application of the tartil method in readingthe Al-Qur’an in tpq al Guidance is effective in improving the ability to read the Al-Qur’an

This study examines how PKBM Kedondong's Package C Equality Education Program empowers the community. Through the Package C equality education program at PKBM Kedondong, this study seeks to characterize the stages of awareness, knowledge transformation, and enrichment of community empowerment. This study is qualitative in nature. Package C students, package C teachers, and managers served as the research subjects. Observation, interviewing, and documentation research techniques were used to gather data. Data verification (conclusion), data display, and data reduction are the methods employed in data analysis. According to the research findings, there are three stages in the community empowerment process at PKBM Kedondong through the Package C Equality Education Program. The first stage is awareness, which has been well- socialized, as evidenced by the usage of word-of-mouth to disseminate knowledge. Second, the learning activity process that is part of the knowledge transformation stage consists of: Package C managers and tutors handle the planning stage, which includes creating a syllabus and a Learning Implementation Plan (RPP). During the in-person learning implementation stage, modules, e-books, YouTube, and the internet are used as media, and lectures, Q&A sessions, and discussions are the methods employed. At this point, the evaluation stage seeks to gauge the students' performance in the learning process of package C equivalency education. Thirdly, the effectiveness of the enrichment stage's implementation is demonstrated by the students' learning outcomes and the post-program coaching that is offered.

The use of Instagram social media cannot be separated from the various needs of each user. Instagram is used as a medium for political communication and political education. In addition, Instagram social media is also used as a place to meet the need for political information. One of them is the Instagram account social media @tempodotco which presents various information related to politics. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of content, media exposure, and credibility of the Instagram account @tempodotco on the fulfillment of followers' political information needs simultaneously and partially. This study uses a quantitative method sourced from primary data by distributing questionnaires as a data collection instrument. Valid data amounted to 400 people who are followers of the Instagram account @tempodotco which was determined by the Slovin formula using a purposive sampling technique. The results of the study showed that content, media exposure, and credibility significantly influenced the fulfillment of followers' political information needs. The results of the study support the uses and gratification theory which explains that those known as audiences or media users play an active role in choosing and trying to fulfill their needs by finding the best media sources.

The research that has been conducted is entitled "The Effect of the Outdoor Learning Method on the Ability to Write Descriptive Writing of Class IV Students at MIS YPI Batang Kuis" and is based on the phenomenon that the ability to write is still very limited, especially writing descriptive essays. In this case, it can result in student creativity not being able to develop optimally and find it difficult to find new ideas or ideas in the learning process. The research methodology used quantitative research quasi experiment design. The population in this study were all grade IV students of MIS YPI Batang Kuis consisting of IV A and IV B totalling 47 students. The sampling technique was carried out by Non Probability Sampling, through the form of total sampling (Boring Sampling). That is, choosing a sample with all the population being sampled and the population can only be two classes. This research instrument is in the form of a description essay writing test and documentation. Data processing tools use data requirement tests and t tests. The results of the study revealed that (1) the average pre-test of the experimental class was 65.09 while the average pretest of the control class was 64.21, (2) the average posttest of the experimental class after being given treatment in the form of learning using outdoor learning methods was obtained at 83.12 while the average posttest of the control class was given treatment in the form of conventional learning obtained an average of 72.54 Thus it can be concluded that the average posttest of the experimental class is higher than the average posttest of the control class. (3) The results of the t test calculation obtained tcount greater than ttable (2.915> 2.074), so it can be concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Based on the research findings above, it follows that the use of outdoor learning methods in the learning process has an effect on the ability to write descriptive essays in class IV YPI Batang Kuis School Year 2023/2024.

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of physical fitness of students in public elementary schools in cluster 6-10 phase c in Sukun District, Malang City. This research is a survey research, using quantitative descriptive methods, the instrument used in collecting data is the Indonesian Student Fitness Test (TKSI). The study sample involved 95 public primary school students of cluster 6-10 phase c in Sukun District, Malang City. The results of the study showed that the 95 students of public primary schools of cluster 6-10 phase c in Sukun District, Malang City as a whole showed that the 40 Meter Run Test was dominated by the “Very Poor” category with 58 (fifty-eight) frequencies. The 8x10 Meter Shuttle Run Test is dominated by the “Excellent” category with 37 (thirty-seven) frequencies. Child Ball Test is dominated by the “Excellent” category with 44 (forty-four) frequencies. Dynamic Balance Test was dominated by the “Good” category with 53 (fifty-three) frequencies. Vertical Jump Test was dominated by the “Moderate” category with 42 (forty-two) frequencies. Hand Touch Reaction Test is dominated by the “Poor” category with 34 (thirty-four) frequencies. With this, the researcher hopes that public elementary schools in cluster 6-10 in Sukun District, Malang City will pay more attention and try to increase the overall level of physical fitness of students.

This qualitative literature review investigates the dynamics of risk sharing and performance-based compensation (PBC) in professional workplaces, aiming to bridge the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical applications. By analyzing existing literature, the review reveals that PBC can effectively align employee incentives with organizational goals, enhancing performance and commitment. However, the success of these systems hinges on various factors, including transparent evaluation processes, equitable risk distribution, and the relevance of performance metrics. The findings highlight that while risk-sharing models can drive long-term engagement, they may also expose employees to financial uncertainties, particularly in volatile industries. Moreover, perceptions of fairness and equity in compensation structures play a crucial role in influencing employee motivation and satisfaction. The review emphasizes the necessity for organizations to carefully design PBC systems that consider industry-specific characteristics and employee preferences to mitigate potential adverse effects. Overall, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding PBC and risk sharing, paving the way for future studies to explore their implications in diverse contexts.

This qualitative literature review investigates the interplay between liquidity shocks and corporate resilience, focusing on the roles of trade credit and bank financing in firm performance. The review synthesizes existing research to elucidate how firms navigate liquidity constraints during economic turbulence, emphasizing the critical importance of strategic financial management. The findings reveal that liquidity shocks often compel firms to adopt conservative financial practices, which can limit their growth potential. However, effective utilization of trade credit serves as a vital buffer, allowing firms to maintain operational flexibility and mitigate risks associated with funding constraints. Furthermore, the review underscores the necessity for firms to employ diversified financing strategies that integrate trade credit and bank loans to enhance resilience and long-term performance. The study also highlights the evolving landscape of financial technology, which presents new opportunities for improving access to credit and supporting corporate sustainability. This review provides a foundation for future research into the complex dynamics of liquidity, trade credit, and bank financing, offering valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers alike.

This qualitative literature review examines the impact of FinTech innovations on small business financing, focusing on credit lines and customer satisfaction. The review explores how FinTech platforms have transformed traditional lending by enhancing accessibility, efficiency, and flexibility for small businesses, particularly those underserved by traditional banks. Key findings show that FinTech innovations, such as the use of alternative data for credit assessment and automated risk management, have significantly improved customer experiences by offering faster, more tailored financial solutions. However, challenges remain, including regulatory concerns, the risk of algorithmic bias, the lack of personalized human interaction, and the potential for over-leveraging among small businesses. Despite these limitations, FinTech continues to evolve, offering promising avenues for improving financial inclusion and borrower experiences. The review concludes that while FinTech has positively influenced the small business financing landscape, further research is needed to address regulatory gaps and ensure the sustainable growth of digital lending systems.