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This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN 107401 Pematang Lalang through the application of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) method. The research employed a classroom action research (CAR) design conducted over two cycles. Data were collected through learning outcome tests, interviews, field notes, and documentation, and were analyzed using quantitative descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis techniques. The results showed that before the implementation of CTL, the percentage of students achieving learning mastery was only 21.4% (3 students). After the implementation of CTL in Cycle I, this percentage increased to 42.8% (6 students), and in Cycle II, it further increased to 85.71% (12 students). These findings indicate that the CTL method is effective in improving students' learning outcomes in Social Studies on the topic of production technology, communication, and transportation in the past and present.

The real source of a country's riches and an essential component of its development are its people. We can determine the extent to which human resources are of high quality from the perspectives of the economy, health, and education thanks to the HDI. DKI Jakarta is the province in Indonesia with the highest HDI, while Papua and West Papua have the lowest HDIs. Both provinces get special funding known as special autonomy funds and are recognized as special autonomous areas. Even after Papua was given special autonomy funds twenty years ago, it is still the province in Indonesia with the lowest HDI. Improving the Human Development Index (HDI) mostly depends on spending in the areas of economy, health, and education. This study looks at the impact of spending on the economy, health, and education as well as local government expenditure (DOK) on the HDI. Using secondary data from the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), panel data regression is the study methodology employed. The study's findings show that DOK has a favorable impact on the HDI, as does spending on the economy, health, and education

This study aims to determine the level of social skills of 7th grade students of SMP Negeri 15 Yogyakarta in the 2023/2024 school year and to find out the low items to be proposed as guidance topics. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with the subjects in this study are 7th grade students in the 2023/2024 school year. Determination of the sample from the population was carried out using calculations made by Issac and Michel with an error of 10%. Data collection was carried out using a social skills scale with 46 valid items with a Cronbach alpha reliability index of 0.945 which is in the very strong category. The scale is arranged based on 5 (five) aspects, namely cooperation, assertiveness, responsibility, empathy, and self-control. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics, using the SPSS Ver. 25. With the results, most of the 7th grade students of SMP Negeri 15 Yogyakarta in the 2023/2024 school year have high social skills. The results showed that in 166 students, 35% of students had a very high level of social skills, 55% of students had a high level of social skills, and 10% of students had a moderate level of social skills. There are no low items on the social skills scale that will be proposed as guidance topics.

This research aims to analyze the comparative contribution of regional taxes to local taxes in Samarinda City and Balikpapan City. By using secondary data from regional financial reports and income statistics, this research identifies factors that influence regional tax contributions and their impact on local original income (PAD). The research results show that there is a significant difference in the contribution of local taxes to PAD between Samarinda City and Balikpapan City. The city of Balikpapan shows a better contribution thanks to its natural resource potential and more active economic activities. To increase local tax contributions in Samarinda, efforts are needed to increase taxpayer compliance and improve infrastructure. Apart from that, collaboration between local governments and the community in increasing awareness of the importance of taxes is also very necessary.

Using a quantitative approach, this study investigates the effect of port export and import volumes on economic growth in North Sumatra and West Sumatra Provinces. Time series data from the World Bank and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2006 to 2023 are used as secondary data. The analysis uses the ARDL Panel model, which allows for analysis of data dynamics across time and regions. The results show that the three main indicators that affect economic growth (GRDP) in both provinces, both in the short and long term, are export volume, inflation, and exchange rates. In North Sumatra, export volume has a positive impact on GRDP, while import volume has a negative impact, indicating a risk of dependence on imports. Controlled inflation also has a positive impact, while the exchange rate shows a diversion. Policy recommendations are expected to improve global competitiveness and exchange rate stability through coordination of fiscal and monetary policies, support for the Export Capacity Building Program and MSMEs through the Regional Comprehensive Economic Framework (RCEP), and export diversification to reduce dependence on certain commodities. This study emphasizes that policies that are responsive to changes in trade at the national to international levels are an important foundation for stabilizing sustainable economic growth.

This study on profitability aims to analyze the effect of Core Capital on Profitability with the mediation of Third Party Funds and Credit Given at Rural Credit Banks in Indonesia for the period 2015-2023. The sample used in this study was 108 monthly data, selected using the purposive sampling method. The monthly data comes from the Indonesian Banking Statistics report published by the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The data analysis technique used is path analysis using multiple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that Core Capital has a significant positive effect on Third Party Funds, Core Capital does not affect Credit Given, Third Party Funds have a significant positive effect on Credit Given, Core Capital and Party Funds do not have a significant effect on Profitability, Credit Given does not have a significant effect on Profitability, Third Party Funds and Credit Given are unable to mediate the effect of Core Capital on Profitability and Credit Given is unable to mediate the effect of Third Party Funds on Profitability.

The backpacker tourism trend in Southeast Asia has grown rapidly in the past few decades, with Thailand becoming one of the top destinations for budget travelers. This study aims to identify the factors that make Thailand a favorite destination for backpackers in the region. The research methodology involves literature analysis, interviews with backpackers, and tourism statistics. The results show that the combination of natural beauty, cultural diversity, affordable cost of living, good tourism infrastructure, and easy access to various attractions are the main factors that attract backpackers. In addition, Thailand's image as a friendly, safe, and open country for foreign tourists also contributes to its popularity. The study also compares Thailand with its neighboring countries such as Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia to understand Thailand's competitive advantages. The findings provide insights for the government and tourism industry players in developing sustainable strategies to maintain and enhance the attractiveness of the destination for the backpacker tourist segment  

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach on students' creative thinking abilities in Christian religious and character education subjects in class XII at SMK Negeri 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this research is a quantitative research method with Pre-Experimental One Shot Case Study statistics. The population was all class Data was collected using a 20 item questionnaire. The results of data analysis show that there is an influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach on students' creative thinking abilities in the Christian religious and character education subjects in class XII at SMK Negeri 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. Test analysis requirements, namely tcount = 8.376 > ttable = 2.042. It is known that the tcount value is in the area of ​​rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach on students' creative thinking abilities in Christian religious and character education subjects in class XII at SMK Negeri 1 Sipoholon, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year.

Community empowerment is an effort to develop community independence and welfare through increasing knowledge, skills, behavior and abilities. According to data published by the Tangerang City Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Tangerang City inflation rate has now reached 2.46%. The problem of unemployment in Tangerang City is an innovative strategy that creates small economic jobs and increases people's income. Like the tempeh business in Koang Jaya Village, Tangerang City. Therefore, community empowerment is a force to increase the income and economy of the small communities of Koang Jaya. The aim of this research is to determine community empowerment activities through the tempe business in Koang Jaya Village, Karawaci District, Tangerang City. Qualitative research methods were used in this research. Descriptive qualitative research method using observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this research show that the community empowerment process through the tempe making business in the Koang Jaya sub-district was carried out using Soeharto's theory (2011:50), namely planned and collective activities, improving people's lives, priorities for weak/disadvantaged groups through capacity building activities. The results of this research are that with community empowerment activities they can better ensure a clean economy by guiding the management of time, raw materials and other resources needed for tempeh production, not only that, but also ensuring that the tempeh is done well, with safety standards fulfilled. In this way, competition in the market will increase and have a positive impact on the local economy. With community empowerment activities, the economy of the Koang Jaya subdistrict community is improving more than before, so that their economic stability can be built through fostering management of time, raw materials and other resources needed in tempeh production.

Impact of leadership style and teamwork on employee performance at Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja (Satpol PP) Subdistrit Cengkareng, West Jakarta. This is to find out about impact of the variabels for leadership style, teamwork and performance. The variables studied using questionnaire method from google form. Indirectly and the result managed by random sampling. The type of research used statistics test, data analysis test that using descriptive test, simple and multiple linear regression test, coefficient correlation and determination test. The next one, sample withdrawal technique that used is random sampling with 75 person of respondent. The results of this research showing that independence variabel have a positive impact and also significant for employees performance. Based on that, it shows us that leadership style (X1), teamwork (X2) and performance (Y) seems fcount 40,033 with  3,124 or 40,033 > 3,124 and the resulting of significant value is 0,000 < 0,05. It is conclude that leadrship style and teamwork having in employees performance at Satpol PP Subdistrit Cengkareng. Analysis result of multiple regression showing result value of coefficient determination in Adjusted Rsquare is 0,527 or 52,7%. It means leadership style and teamwork is simultaneously has an impact of 52,7% for performance, and 47,3% for the other factory which is not researched by this research.

The decline in the marriage rate in Indonesia in the last decade is a complex phenomenon with many interrelated causes. The institution of marriage, once a strong tradition binding two individuals in a commitment to live together, has undergone significant changes in recent decades. The latest data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) shows a decreasing trend in the marriage rate nationally. In 2023, there will only be 1,577,255 marriages recorded in Indonesia, a decrease of 128,000 from the previous year. During the last decade, the marriage rate experienced a significant decline of 28.63 percent. In-depth research highlights the socio-economic factors, changes in mentality, and the influence of online mass media, especially social media, that play a role in this change. The influence of online mass media, particularly social media, is also a factor that cannot be ignored in understanding changing attitudes towards the institution of marriage. Social media has broadened access to information and facilitated communication between individuals in unprecedented ways. Not only does this change the way individuals interact and form relationships, but it also influences perceptions of traditional values such as marriage.

As cloud computing advances, organizations' IT infrastructure and application deployment processes are moving to the cloud because cloud computing provides everything as a service over the Internet. The performance of a cloud-based application is based on proper datacenter selection and workload distribution within the selected datacenter. Service broker policies are used for suitable datacenter selection, and load balancing algorithms(LBA) are applied to distribute workloads. This paper is to evaluate the effect of a proposed service broker policy (PSBR) on the performance of cloud-based applications with LBA. To achieve the objective, the behavior of the TikTok application was modeled using the worldwide users’ statistics on the cloud simulation framework, namely CloudAnalyst. As a result, the average response time and data center processing time are measured. Next, the PSBR provides better results than the existing service proximity-based policy. This paper supports cloud service providers' benefits, from coordination between data center configuration, data center selection, and workload distribution to cloud users' identification of the appropriate procedures for their organization or application. PSBR with Active Monitoring had the best average response time of 75.1 ms, while SPR consistently exhibited higher average times across all algorithms, with the highest being 84.5 ms for Round Robin. Under the PSBR policy, Throttled had the lowest average processing time (4.67), while Round Robin had the highest (5.72). Similarly, under the SPR policy, Throttled maintained its efficiency with the lowest average (4.8), while Round Robin showed the highest (5.79).

The rapid development in the development of accounting information systems, such as Siskeudes, was initially not integrated online with the local government. However, it was later adapted to be integrated online. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of human resources and the use of information technology on the village financial system. The population in this study were village heads, village secretaries, village treasurers, IT operators, BPD, LPM, and community leaders in the city of Denpasar who made financial reports, namely 27 villages. The sample collection used was the purposive sampling method. The sample in this study was determined as many as 4 respondents in each of the 27 villages, so that 102 respondents were obtained. The data analysis technique used was Descriptive Statistics analysis, classical assumption tests and multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis showed that Human resources have a significant positive effect on the village financial system in Denpasar City, having an impact on improving the village financial system in Denpasar City. The second result of the use of information technology has a significant positive effect on the village financial system in Denpasar City. The increasing use of information technology will have an impact on improving the village financial system in Denpasar City. The implications of this study are that the villages in Denpasar City in terms of human resources are expected to be able to improve their human resources by providing technical training to improve skills in preparing financial reports so that village officials can carry out their duties and can rely on appropriate technological knowledge and will improve the village financial system. In terms of the use of information technology, it is expected to maximize the use of existing information technology, and use software that is in accordance with applicable government regulations so that it can facilitate existing work and ultimately maximize the village financial system in Denpasar City.

In class VI.A students, there are still many students having difficulty in doing statistics problems. Therefore, this research needs to be done in order to find out the learning obstacles experienced by grade VI students of SDN 6 Palembang on statistics material. Learning obstacle is divided into three types, namely ontogenic obstacle, didactial obstacle, and epistemological obstacle. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. The instruments used in this study consisted of learning obstacle diagnostic tests, interviews, material analysis, lesson plan analysis, and textbook analysis and students of grade VI.A SDN 6 Palembang as the subjects in this study who were respondents who carried out learning obstacle diagnostic tests and interviews. Learning obstacles can be found based on the results of the analysis of learning obstacle diagnostic tests, interviews with homeroom teachers and students of class VI.A, lesson plan analysis and textbook analysis. The results of this study found learning obstacles, namely ontogenic obstacles such as lack of interest in learning mathematics and lack of student activeness in learning, didactical obstacles such as learning resources that are still limited and epistemological obstacles, namely lack of understanding of statistical concepts.

The younger generation plays an important role in agricultural development. Based on the Central Statistics Agency (2020), the most popular jobs for young people aged 16–30 years in the last 5 years are the Services sector, followed by Manufacturing and Agriculture. Food security in Rejang Lebong Regency is a multifaceted issue influenced by various factors including agricultural practices, economic conditions, and government policies. The purpose of this study was to determine Gen-Z's perception of Food Security in Rejang Lebong Regency. The respondents of this study were Gen-Z who were in the birth range of 1997-2012. Likert Scale Analysis was used in this study. Gen-Z's level of understanding of food security is quite good, this is known by the average value of this indicator, which is 4.11. Access and availability of food are important things that can guarantee food security with an average indicator value of 3.95. For food consumer behavior, it is an indicator related to Gen-Z consumption so that it can support food security with an average indicator value of 4.01. So it can be concluded that Gen-Z's perception of food security is in the average range of 3.90 with the conclusion that Gen-Z agrees and understands about food security in Rejang Lebong Regency.

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant influence of teacher creativity on the interest in learning PAK of class X students of SMK Swasta Persiapan Pematang Siantar in the academic year 2024/2025. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with inferential descriptive statistics. The population was 130 class X students of SMK Swasta Persiapan Pematang Siantar and a sample of 40 people was determined using a random sampling technique. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 35 items. The results of the data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence between the Creativity of Christian Religious Education teachers on the Learning Interests of class X students of SMK Swasta Persiapan Pematang Siantar Academic Year 2024/2025, as evidenced by the following data analysis: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive influence test obtained rxy value = 0.551> rtable ( = 0.05, n = 40) = 0.312 thus it is known that there is a positive influence between variable X and variable Y. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount value = 4.072> ttable ( = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 38) = 2.021 thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ̂="25.127" + 0.912X. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 30.4%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fcount > Ftable, namely 16.581 > 4.08. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

This study aims to determine the effect of distribution costs on increasing sales volume in food and beverage sector manufacturing industry companies listed on the IDX in 2020-2022. This research uses quantitative methods, this research was carried out on Food and Beverage Sector Manufacturing Industry Companies Listed on the IDX, and data taken for three years starting from 2020-2022 and the calculation uses data per semester consisting of Distribution Costs and Sales Volume. Data collection is carried out by documentation method. The population in this study is all Financial Statements of Food Sector Manufacturing Companies and Minimums Listed on the IDX from 2020-2022 totaling 78 Financial Statements Where the sample processed is part of the total population in the Income Financial Statements per semester in the 2020-2022 period which amounts to 24 Income Financial Statements. The data analysis carried out was by descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analysis while for significant testing using the t test. The results showed that: Distribution costs have a significant effect on sales volume in Food and Beverage Sector Manufacturing Industry Companies Listed on the IDX.  

The problems faced in this study include (1) How does the quality of customer relationship management affect the loyalty of Kopontren Fat-Hiyyah members? (2) How does consumer satisfaction affect the loyalty of Kopontren Fat-Hiyyah members? (3) How do the quality of customer relationship management and consumer satisfaction affect the loyalty of Kopontren Fat-Hiyyah members? This study aims to study, find out, and analyze (1) The effect of the quality of customer relationship management on the loyalty of Kopontren Fat-Hiyyah members. (2) The effect of consumer satisfaction on the loyalty of Kopontren Fat-Hiyyah members. (3) The effect of the quality of customer relationship management and consumer satisfaction on the loyalty of Kopontren Fat-Hiyyah members. The method used in this study is an explanatory survey, while the technical data analysis, namely validity test, reliability test, descriptive statistics, Inductive Statistical Analysis (Inferential) with Multiple Regression. The results of the study inform that (1) Customer relationship management has a positive and significant effect on membership loyalty. This means that if customer relationship management is improved, membership loyalty will also increase. (2) Member satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on membership loyalty. This means that if member satisfaction is increased, membership loyalty will also increase. (3) Customer relationship management and member satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on membership loyalty. This means that if customer relationship management and member satisfaction are increased, membership loyalty will also increase.

Sinaga, Novita Romaito. 2024. "The Influence of PAK Learning Interest Through the Implementation of the Game Based Learning Model for Class IX of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, Academic Year 2024/2025." Thesis: Christian Religious Education Study Program, Tarutung State Christian Institute. The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of Game Based Learning by PAK teachers on the interest in learning PAK of class IX students of SMP N 4 Doloksanggul for the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this research uses quantitative with a descriptive approach to inferential statistics. The population is all class IX students of SMP Negeri 4 Doloksanggul, Humbang Hasundutan Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year, totaling 149 people and a sample of 43 people was determined, namely 30% of the population using simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 46 items. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influence of Game Based Learning by PAK teachers on the interest in learning PAK of class IX students of SMP N 4 Doloksanggul for the 2024/2025 academic year: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) a positive relationship test obtained a value of rxy = 0.594> rtable = 0.301, thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable significant between variable b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 35.3%. 3) Testing the hypothesis using the F test obtained Fcount> Ftable=22.28>1.51. Thus Ha is that there is a positive and significant influence of Game Based Learning by PAK teachers on the interest in learning PAK of class IX SMP N 4 Doloksanggul Academic Year 2024/2025 is accepted and H0 is rejected.

This study aims to determine the effect of exemplary Christian Religious Education (PAK) teachers on Christian character building and learning interest of grade XI students of HKBP 1 Tarutung Private High School in the 2023/2024 school year. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with inferential statistics. The study population included all grade XI students, totaling 214 people, with a sample of 43 students (20% of the population). Data were obtained through a closed questionnaire totaling 55 items. The results of the analysis show: 1) There is a significant influence of exemplary PAK teachers on the formation of students' Christian character, with the value of F count 10.628> F table 4.08 and an influence of 20.6%; 2) The exemplary of PAK teachers also affects students' interest in learning, with the value of F count 24.274 > F table 4.08 and an influence of 37.2%; 3) The exemplary of PAK teachers has a simultaneous influence on the formation of Christian character and student interest in learning, with the value of F count 14.411 > F table 3.08 and an influence of 41.9%. This result shows that the exemplary role of PAK teachers plays an important role in the formation of Christian character and increasing students' interest in learning. Thus, Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, which confirms that the teacher's example has a significant positive impact on students.