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The journal aims to explore the various challenges faced by students in the learning process, particularly focusing on the factors contributing to learning difficulties. Employing qualitative research methods, the study gathers data through interviews, observations, and literature reviews to understand the experiences of students with learning difficulties. Key findings indicate that these difficulties can stem from a combination of cognitive, emotional, and environmental factors, highlighting the importance of early identification and intervention to support affected students. The journal emphasizes the need for educators and policymakers to develop tailored strategies and resources to assist students facing learning challenges. Additionally, it recommends future research to explore specific interventions and their effectiveness in diverse educational settings. Ultimately, addressing learning difficulties is crucial for fostering an inclusive educational environment that promotes the success of all students.

The maritime industry plays a critical role in global trade but faces growing pressure to integrate environmental sustainability into its operations. This research analyzes the industry using the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) framework to understand the relationship between market structure, firm behavior, and both economic and environmental performance. The study provides original value by extending the traditional SCP model to include environmental sustainability, addressing a critical gap in previous research. Key research questions include how market concentration, regulatory compliance, corporate environmental responsibility (CER), and technological innovation affect both profitability and sustainability. Using qualitative data from industry professionals and maritime educators, the analysis highlights that proactive regulatory compliance and high CER commitment drive superior economic and environmental outcomes. Firms that invest in green technologies enjoy enhanced performance, while those prioritizing short-term profits struggle with long-term competitiveness. The results offer practical insights for policymakers and industry leaders, emphasizing the need for inclusive market structures and stronger regulatory frameworks to support sustainability across the sector.

This study investigates effective strategies for fostering religious discipline and filial piety in children through family-based education. Employing a qualitative research design, data were obtained via observation, in-depth interviews, and a comprehensive literature review. The findings reveal that consistent reinforcement of religious values within the family setting plays a pivotal role in shaping a child’s moral and spiritual character. Children raised in households that model regular worship practices and demonstrate respectful interpersonal behavior are more likely to exhibit strong religious commitment and courteous conduct toward their parents. These results underscore the importance of integrating religious values into daily parenting practices and offer practical insights for educators, parents, and policymakers seeking to strengthen character education in the home environment.

Behind the importance of a teacher's role in the progress of a nation comes a weighty responsibility. Teachers are expected to be able to master the skills required to make the teacher profession a professional. In Indonesia education systems has been governed the competence that a teacher must maintain his duty while linked to the implementation of a supervision, to which this writing is the answer to the problem. For research methods, researchers use descriptive qualitative methods. Interviews, observation and documentation as data collection. And the miles and hubberman technique as the data analysis technique, with procedure 1) data reduction, 3) data presentation and 4) data verification, 2) powerability and 3) dependability as far as the results of this study are 1) education supervision is the development and monitoring activities that are done to help teachers and educators improve the quality of education, 2) supervision of learning at SDN katulampa 04 times a month, 3) supervision plays an important role in making it easier for teachers to improve teaching ability and reduce barriers to learning.

This study aims to describe and analyze comprehensively and in detail about: Implementation of Inclusive Education at the High School/Vocational School (State) Level in Jombang Regency and factors that affect the Implementation of Inclusive Education at the High School/Vocational School (State) Level in Jombang Regency. This research is a qualitative research, with data collection techniques using interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques Interactive data analysis. The results of the study show that the Implementation of Inclusive Education at the High School/Vocational School (State) Level in Jombang Regency is carried out in several stages, namely inclusive education planning, inclusive education organization, inclusive education management, and inclusion education evaluation. Factors Affecting the Implementation of Inclusive Education at the High School/Vocational (State) level in Jombang Regency include: The first factor is the Communication Aspect which is carried out by means of socialization of the Inclusion education policy carried out by the Jombang Regency Education Office to  school principals, staff, committees and teachers, the second factor is   the Resource Aspect that is supported 715 staff including educators and non-educators who are ready to support the Inclusive Education Policy, the Third Factor of the Commitment Aspects,  the Jombang Regency Education Office makes a policy that All High Schools/Vocational Schools in Jombang are Required to Accept Students with Mild Disabilities, the Fourth Factor of the Bureaucratic Structure which is marked by the existence of The Jombang Regency Education Office has coordinated with Supervisors, Principals and Teachers in implementing the Inclusion education policy. 

Writing in English is an important skill for students to acquire, yet many students experience difficulties.  This study aims to identify the strategies teachers use in planning English writing lessons and understand the barriers faced during planning. Using a qualitative case study approach, data was collected through observation, interviews with teachers, and document analysis. The results showed that using a scientific approach and visual aids, such as graphs, was very effective in teaching writing. However, teachers face challenges in adjusting materials to students' diverse abilities such as time constraints, and students' lack of motivation.  However, teachers have to adapt the materials to students' varying ability levels, lack of enthusiasm, and time constraints. This research provides important information for educators to help them create and implement more successful writing classes and motivate students to take an active role in their education. As a result, it is expected that students can improve their writing ability.

Educators play a role in improving the quality of education. It includes a series of processes designed to ensure National Education Standards (SNP) are achieved, including program evaluation, student assessment, and effective curriculum development. With quality, educational institutions can ensure students get a quality learning experience, according to their needs. The role of educators is also to help identify areas that need improvement, enabling corrective steps to increase learning effectiveness.

Abstract. Pedagogical competence is the main ability that educators must have to manage learning effectively. This research aims to discuss the meaning of pedagogical competence, the application of learning theories, and the role of information and communication technology in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. The research method used is literature analysis and theoretical study. The research results show that pedagogical competence includes the ability to understand student characteristics, design learning, and carry out comprehensive evaluations. The application of learning theories, such as behavioristic, cognitive, constructivist and humanistic, has been proven to support the effectiveness of PAI learning. Behavioristics helps build positive habits, cognitive improves deep understanding, constructivists encourage active participation, and humanistics develops students' potential holistically. Apart from that, the use of information and communication technology, such as e-learning, video conferencing and multimedia, is able to encourage learning that is innovative, interactive and in line with the needs of students in the digital era. Thus, the development of PAI teachers' pedagogical competence needs to continue to be improved through targeted training, optimal use of technology, and strengthening learning strategies to produce learning that is relevant to the needs of the times Abstrak Kompetensi pedagogik adalah kemampuan utama yang harus dimiliki oleh pendidik untuk mengelola pembelajaran secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas pengertian kompetensi pedagogik, penerapan teori belajar, serta peran teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis literatur dan kajian teoritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi pedagogik mencakup kemampuan memahami karakteristik peserta didik, merancang pembelajaran, serta melakukan evaluasi secara komprehensif. Penerapan teori belajar, seperti behavioristik, kognitif, konstruktivistik, dan humanistik, terbukti mendukung efektivitas pembelajaran PAI. Behavioristik membantu membangun kebiasaan positif, kognitif meningkatkan pemahaman mendalam, konstruktivistik mendorong partisipasi aktif, dan humanistik mengembangkan potensi siswa secara holistik. Selain itu, pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, seperti e-learning, video konferensi, dan multimedia, mampu mendorong pembelajaran yang inovatif, interaktif, dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik di era digital. Dengan demikian, pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik guru PAI perlu terus ditingkatkan melalui pelatihan yang terarah, penggunaan teknologi secara optimal, dan penguatan strategi pembelajaran untuk menghasilkan pembelajaran yang relevan dengan kebutuhan zaman.

The Field Experience Practice Program (PPL) at SMK PGRI 13 Surabaya is designed to equip students from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Dr. Soetomo University with direct experience in the world of education. This activity provides students with the opportunity to apply the theories learned in lectures to real-life situations, enhance their teaching skills, and understand the challenges in the world of education. For 1.5 months, students engaged in various activities such as classroom management, collaboration with supervising teachers, and group reflections. This program not only supports the development of professional skills but also shapes the attitudes and work ethics necessary for educators.

The purpose of this study is to find out the application of ethical values of educational philosophy in building students' character. This research method uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews and field observations. The data analysis technique uses qualitative analysis. The results of the study show that the inclusion of the character education program in the curriculum of SMP Setia Budi Binjai is considered a significant and valuable investment based on the findings of the study. The program's success in shaping and improving children's morals and ethics highlights the importance of building and promoting a systematic and sustainable character education program in schools. This study highlights the value of character education as a component that helps children's overall development, not just as a complement to the curriculum. As a result, when developing and implementing curricula in schools, educators and policymakers need to pay serious attention to character education.

The purpose of this researcher is to find out the extent of the influence related to the importance of a global perspective is very important, because in essence we as citizens of the world cannot escape from social life in which there is a lot of diversity such as views, languages, religions, customs, cultures and so on. A global perspective teaches prospective educators and educators to understand how to deal with global problems, one of which is facing challenges in the Era of Society 5.0. The results of this study indicate that the insight of a global perspective is very important for prospective educators and educators to face various challenges in the Era of Society 5.0 and provide experience to prospective educators and educators regarding their views on the Era of Society 5.0.    

The Introduction to Schooling Field Program (PLP) is a key component in preparing prospective educators with the practical skills needed to face challenges in the world of education. This study aims to explore the role of PLP in improving the competence of prospective educators at SMP Swasta Daya Cipta Medan. Through the PLP program, prospective educators are able to apply the theories learned in college in a real context at school, from observing the learning process to participating in extracurricular activities. PLP also provides opportunities for prospective educators to develop pedagogical, professional, and social competencies through direct interaction with teachers, students, and school staff. This research uses a field research approach with a qualitative descriptive design that aims to describe the phenomena that occur. The main informant in this study was the principal, while supporting informants consisted of the vice principal for curriculum, the head of administration, teachers, and school staff. Data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation methods, which were then analyzed using data analysis techniques to review, reduce, draw conclusions, and use triangulation to ensure data validity. This study found that PLP not only enriched students' theoretical knowledge, but also strengthened their skills in managing classes, developing lesson plans, and adapting to various challenges in the field. The PLP program at SMP Daya Cipta Medan contributes significantly in shaping educators who are competent and ready to face the dynamics of the world of education, as well as being able to make a positive contribution to the development of education in Indonesia.

With advancements in technology, communication has become easier and more effective, especially through digital media. In the context of education, videos serve as a valuable source of information. This study aims to analyze the use of representative speech acts in the video "Understanding Accounting Without Memorization" on the Akuntan Tampan YouTube channel as a learning resource for students. Representative speech acts function to convey information clearly and convincingly. The approach used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques involving observation and note-taking from the video released on December 10, 2016. The researcher analyzes the patterns of speech acts used in the video, identifying types of representative speech acts that serve to explain accounting concepts in a simple and comprehensible manner for the audience, particularly for students. The analysis results indicate that there are 50 representative speech acts employed to reinforce information and aid in the understanding of accounting concepts without relying on complicated memorization methods. This research is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the utilization of speech acts in digital educational content. Furthermore, the findings of this study may serve as a reference for educators in enhancing the quality of learning, particularly in presenting complex material more effectively and engagingly for students.

Early marriage is a social phenomenon that occurs a lot among teenagers, especially in rural areas such as Waiara Village, Kewapante Subdistrict. Early marriage is still a social problem that is often found in various regions, including in Waiara Village, Kewapante Subdistrict. This study aims to examine the effect of early marriage on adolescent education. The approach used was qualitative through in-depth interviews with teenagers who married young, their parents and educators in the village. The research findings revealed that early marriage has a negative impact on adolescents' education, such as increased dropout rates, low levels of engagement in further education and decreased motivation to learn. In addition, the huge responsibilities that come with early marriage often make adolescents focus more on household affairs than education. This study recommends government and community interventions to increase understanding of the importance of education and the adverse effects of early marriage

An effective learning plan requires a strong foundation to achieve optimal learning outcomes. One of the main elements of this plan is the learning objectives. Learning objectives are formulated with clear and measurable characteristics and become the main guideline for educators to determine the steps to be taken in carrying out learning activities. The purpose of this research is to determine the role of learning objectives in basic learning planning for effective learning. This research method uses a qualitative approach with literature study, by collecting and analyzing several relevant articles and books. From this research the author found three discussion results, firstly learning objectives as a basis for the learning process, secondly the relationship between learning objectives and learning planning, thirdly the application of learning objectives in effective learning. Therefore, learning objectives not only provide direction for teaching and learning activities, but also function as a tool for creating meaningful and effective learning experiences.

This study aims to analyse the implementation of character education management in fostering students' morals at MIS Nurul Iman Gebang. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that: (1) Planning involves the formulation of lesson plans and educational programs that include goals, policies, methods, and directed procedures; (2) Organising is done through the division of tasks and time, as well as the placement of educators according to expertise to ensure output according to the institution's goals; and (3) Implementation includes habituation of religious values, strengthening of commendable behaviour, and practical activities that support the formation of noble morals. (4) Evaluation is done by supervising implementation in the classroom, providing feedback to educators, and interviewing student guardians to ensure conformity with the institution's goals. This study confirms the importance of character education management in shaping students' good morals through collaboration between institutions, educators and families.

The era of digitalization has a significant impact on various aspects of life, including education. However, the existence of traditional games is increasingly eliminated due to technological developments. This study examines the implementation of the traditional game of ball ball as an interactive learning medium of the earth's gravitational force for elementary / middle school students. Using  the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study identifies the benefits of the game of ball ball in improving students' understanding, motivation, and learning outcomes through a fun and interactive approach. The results of the study show that the ball game is able to integrate the concept of the earth's gravitational force in a simple but effective way. The game also facilitates the development of students' cognitive, psychomotor, affective, social, and spiritual aspects. The use of the game of ball in learning not only increases students' interest but also creates an inclusive and collaborative learning environment. The conclusion of this study confirms that the traditional game of bekel ball is an innovative and relevant learning medium in teaching physics concepts, especially the earth's gravitational force. The practical implications can be used as a guideline for educators to develop learning strategies based on local wisdom that support in-depth conceptual understanding. Further research is recommended to explore the potential of other traditional games in the learning of complex science concepts.

This research aims to explore the role of the Christian Religious Education (PAK) curriculum in improving the spirituality of youth in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, this study involved in-depth interviews with teachers, students and practitioners of Christian Religious Education to obtain a holistic perspective regarding the influence of the curriculum on the formation of the spirituality of the younger generation. The research results show that the PAK curriculum has an important role in instilling moral values, strengthening faith, and forming the character of Christian youth. The implementation of a relevant and contextual curriculum allows young people to understand and appreciate religious teachings more deeply, so as to improve the quality of their relationships with God and each other. This research also found that there are challenges in implementing a curriculum that is able to adapt to current developments and technology without ignoring the substance of spirituality. Therefore, the success of the PAK curriculum in increasing youth spirituality is highly dependent on the active involvement of educators and educational institutions in creating an environment that supports learning that is holistic and relevant to the spiritual needs of today's youth.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the use of digital technology and learning motivation on students' academic achievement at MA-YA Ikhsan, Pasuruan Regency. In today's digital era, technology has become an important component in the learning process, which can increase interaction between students and subject matter. The method used in this study is quantitative, involving 30 students randomly selected from the school population. Questionnaires were distributed to students to collect data on the frequency of digital technology use, level of learning motivation, and students' academic achievement. The results showed that 80% of students often use digital technology routinely to learn, and 70% of them feel more motivated when learning with digital media. The average academic score of students who actively use technology reaches 85, while students who are not active only reach 75. These findings indicate a significant positive relationship between the use of digital technology and learning motivation on students' academic achievement. Therefore, it is important for schools to continue to integrate technology into the learning process in order to improve the quality of education. Through this study, it is hoped that educators can understand the importance of utilizing technology in learning and creating an environment that supports student motivation. This research can also be a reference for further studies on the impact of technology in education in various contexts.

This research discusses Ki Hajar Dewantara's concept of educational thought, focusing on character education and the formation of students' personalities, as well as the challenges and opportunities in integrating this thought into the national education system. Ki Hajar Dewantara emphasized the importance of liberating education, namely education that does not only focus on intellectual aspects, but also on the formation of students' character as a whole so that they become independent, noble, and highly motivated individuals. In the current context of national education, Ki Hajar Dewantara's ideas are still relevant, but their implementation faces various challenges, such as a dense curriculum, lack of in-depth understanding among educators, and the dominance of cognitive approaches in schools. However, there are also great opportunities to integrate Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational values through curriculum reform, training for educators, and the application of holistic learning methods. This study concludes that the integration of Ki Hajar Dewantara's thoughts into the national education system can be a strong foundation for building a generation that is not only intelligent, but also has character, provided that the existing challenges can be overcome with a comprehensive approach.