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This study discusses the Responsibility of Livestock Owners for Damage to Agricultural Land Owned by Residents in Nobo Village, Ile Boleng District, East Flores Regency. This study aims to determine the mechanism for resolving the problem of agricultural land damage caused by livestock in Nobo Village, Ile Boleng District, East Flores Regency and the form of accountability of livestock owners for damage to agricultural land caused by livestock. This study uses a qualitative research approach with an empirical research type. The techniques used in collecting data for this study are Observation, Interviews, Literature Studies, and Documentation. The results of this study indicate that the mechanism for resolving the problem of agricultural land damage caused by livestock in Nobo Village, Ile Boleng District, East Flores Regency through the stages of Reporting, Examination, and Trial. The law that regulates this, Article 1368 of the Civil Code, clearly regulates the responsibilities of livestock owners, and the Prohibition on releasing animals is also regulated in the Regional Regulation of East Flores Regency Number 25 of 1988 concerning Livestock Maintenance, but the sense of awareness of the community's obligations alone does not seem to be running. Claims that can be handed over to the pet owner who caused the loss can be in the form of compensation in the form of money and compensation in the form of returning it to its original condition (natural compensation).

This research aims to analyze the effect of tax socialization and tax system digitalization on taxpayer compliance with tax knowledge as an intervening variable among individual taxpayers in Lampung Province. The research employs a quantitative approach with data collection through questionnaires distributed to 147 individual taxpayer respondents residing in Lampung Province who are over 25 years of age and work as individual entrepreneurs, private employees, or civil servants. Data analysis uses path analysis techniques to examine the direct and indirect effects between variables. The results show that tax system digitalization has a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance, both directly and through tax knowledge as an intervening variable. However, the hypothesis stating that tax socialization affects taxpayer compliance is not supported by the research findings. This research model has an R Square value of 0.87, indicating a very strong relationship between tax system digitalization and taxpayer compliance. This research provides important contributions for tax authorities in formulating strategies to improve taxpayer compliance through strengthening tax system digitalization and enhancing tax knowledge.

This study aims to identify the causes behind the issuance of legally defective and non-binding birth certificates in Tulungagung Regency based on Supreme Court Decision No. 2438 K/Pdt/2019, and their legal impact on individuals. The research method used is normative juridical with a case study approach. The findings reveal that administrative errors and verification negligence are the main causes, affecting access to civil rights such as education and legal protection. The discussion highlights the urgency of improving the civil registration system to protect citizens' legal rights.

Cybercrime is an unlawful act committed using the internet based on sophisticated computer technology, networks and other information technologies. This crime not only affects individuals, but also financial institutions, critical infrastructure, and even national and international security. Cybercrime has characteristics that distinguish it from conventional forms of crime, namely the ability to cross geographical boundaries of countries without physical barriers so that in this case this cybercrime is referred to as transnational crime. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the position of cybercrime in the perspective of international law and to examine and analyze the position of cybercrime in the perspective of national law. The results of the study were obtained from the perspective of international law, cybercrime has a strategic position as a global threat that requires a cross-country legal approach. Meanwhile, from the perspective of national law, cybercrime has a central position in the reform of the Indonesian criminal law system. Through the formation and improvement of the ITE Law, as well as increasing the capacity of law enforcement and the community, the state seeks to create a safe, fair and responsible digital space

This study examines public perceptions of the practice of "dawn attack" in the 2024 election, which is a form of money politics that is still rampant in Indonesia. This study aims to understand how the public assesses the impact of such practices on democratic integrity and voter behavior. This study involved 101 respondents with diverse backgrounds, the majority of whom were students, and some came from other professions such as civil servants, teachers, entrepreneurs, and medical personnel. Data collection was carried out through an open questionnaire, which was then analyzed using thematic methods to identify the main patterns in the community's view. The results of the study showed that the majority of respondents considered the dawn attack as a form of political manipulation that undermined the principle of fairness in elections. As many as 56.4% of respondents admitted that they had seen or knew of this practice, with the main impact in the form of temporary economic benefits and changes in voter behavior. This study highlights the importance of concrete steps in suppressing the practice of money politics, including through stricter law enforcement and political education for the public. Thus, this research is expected to contribute to efforts to create a fairer, more transparent, and democratic electoral system in the future.

The problem of the legality of the agreement of the deed of debt and credit agreement into buying and selling requires legal certainty so that no one is harmed. Normative legal certainty is when a regulation is made and promulgated with certainty because it regulates clearly and logically. Clear in the sense that it does not cause doubt (multi-interpretation) and logical in the sense that it becomes a system of norms with other norms so that it does not clash or cause norm conflicts. Norm conflict arising from rule uncertainty can take the form of norm contestation, norm reduction or norm distortion. This research approach is descriptive analytical which describes legal events that occur as they are and conveys these conditions according to theory and legislation. The research method used in the research is empirical juridical which analyzes the Bandung District Court Decision Number: 162/PDT.G/2021/PN.BDG regarding the Legality of the Deed of Sale and Purchase Agreement as Collateral for Debt and Credit Due to Legal Defects. The results of this study show that; AJB, which should be a proof of transfer of land rights in a real sale and purchase transaction, in this case is used to guarantee debt repayment. This is a deviation from the function of the AJB, which is legally unjustified because it contradicts the principle of halal causa (Articles 1335 and 1337 of the Civil Code). Therefore, the AJB made does not meet the elements of a valid causa, and therefore can be canceled or even null and void.

Managing budgets in public institutions is not merely a matter of calculating numbers, but also about ensuring that every rupiah spent generates a tangible impact on society. As public needs continue to grow, the Department of Population and Civil Registration (Disdukcapil) of Surabaya faces significant challenges in providing administrative services that are fast, accurate, and transparent. In this context, internal audits play a strategic role not only as tools for correcting errors, but also in ensuring that budget management is carried out wisely and effectively. This study aims to examine the role of internal audits in the budget management of Disdukcapil and their contribution to improving the quality of public services. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through documentation, interviews, and literature review. The findings are expected to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between internal oversight and the quality of public services in Surabaya.

The existence of laws in health has been proven to have serious impacts on the health sector in various countries, including Indonesia. Through an analysis of philosophical texts and related research, this article reveals how corrupt practices affect the allocation of funds for the health system, disrupt the provision of adequate health facilities and services, and affect the quality of medical services. The economic implications of corruption on the health sector, including the high cost of obtaining quality health services and unequal access to health services. The social impacts of corruption are also analyzed, including poverty, unequal income distribution, and increased risk of criminal acts. In an effort to minimize the negative impacts of corruption on public health, this article proposes the implementation of strategies of transparency, accountability, and public participation. Implementation of the systeme-governmentand the active role of society ascitizen controlis a concrete step that can be taken to combat corruption and ensure more efficient and transparent use of public resources. The need for a joint role from the government, civil society, and the private sector in building a health system that is fairer, more transparent, and free from corruption. By strengthening the foundations of democracy and prioritizing transparency, Indonesia can move towards more equitable and quality public health for all people.

Waqf is an act of worship that has a social and economic pattern because in the development of Islamic civilisation, from the development of science to its heyday, it cannot be separated from the role of Rasullulah and his companions who continued to struggle to spread Islam throughout the world, one of which was by using the waqf method because the waqf property or object is often used as a centre for the development of science and Islam in ancient times, for example the construction of mosque buildings and financing wars. Because waqf is an act of worship that is highly recommended for every Muslim. In addition, waqf worship is also explained in the Koran that people who endow their assets for the benefit of the ummah who have benefits, the rewards will continue to flow even though the person has died, which makes people flock to carry out waqf worship. However, it is not uncommon for there to be a lot of abuse committed by nazirs, starting from their unprofessional attitude because nazirs are often used as additional income for them to hoard wealth. So it is very important to find a nadzhir as a zakat manager who has a trustworthy nature because actually this waqf must continue to be developed to be more productive and useful, therefore the Indonesian government continues to make efforts to revise the rules regarding nazir because there are still many irregularities committed largely due to weak administrative sanctions and criminal sanctions for them.

The national curriculum is designed to support the development of students' character education. This is reflected in the integration between subjects and educational levels, as well as attention to the three main domains: attitude (affective), knowledge (cognitive), and skills (psychomotor). The main goal of this curriculum is to shape Indonesian individuals who are faithful, capable of living independently and socially, and who are productive, creative, innovative, and of noble character. The curriculum also encourages students to contribute actively to social life, the nation, and global civilization. Character values are instilled through the development of two main attitudes: spiritual attitude, which refers to practicing one's religious beliefs, and social attitude, which includes honesty, discipline, responsibility, politeness, environmental awareness, and self-confidence in interacting with others.

This study aims to reconstruct the narrative of the establishment and struggle of the Aliansi Dosen ASN Kemdiktisaintek Seluruh Indonesia (ADAKSI), a collective movement advocating for the welfare of civil servant lecturers (ASN), particularly concerning the delayed disbursement of performance allowances (tukin). Using a narrative inquiry approach, this research traces digital records and real-world actions taken by ASN lecturers across Indonesia, including a symbolic flower board protest in January 2025, an audience with the Minister of Higher Education, Science, and Technology, and the organization of the first National Congress (MUNAS I ADAKSI) in May 2025. These narratives are analyzed as expressions of shared grievances, solidarity, and the formation of a collective identity among ASN lecturers who have long lacked institutional representation through official bodies like KORPRI. The findings reveal that ADAKSI functions not only as an advocacy platform for welfare but also as a socio-professional movement driven by intellectual ethics in demanding structural justice. Its actions, demands, and outcomes from MUNAS I mark a significant transition from fragmented protests to an organized national consolidation. The study recommends that policymakers create more inclusive spaces for dialogue with ASN lecturers and formally recognize independent professional organizations as strategic partners in the reform of Indonesia’s higher education system.

This study examines the role of technology in the transformation of Siri' na Pacce cultural values among the Z generation in Makassar City. The values of Siri' (shame) and Pacce (pain) are deeply rooted philosophical foundations in Bugis-Makassar society, but face relevance challenges in the digital era. Through a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation, this study analyzes how digital media such as Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok act as a means of transmitting traditional cultural values. The results show that technology facilitates the dissemination of Siri' na Pacce values in a broader and more engaging way for generation Z, while transforming cultural understanding from what was previously perceived as a culture of violence to civilized values. This research concludes that there is a need for synergy between digital technology, family and educational institutions to ensure that Generation Z does not only know the value of Siri' na Pacce superficially, but is able to internalize and implement it in daily life according to the context of the times.

Character education is a fundamental element in Indonesia’s national education system, especially amid the growing challenges of the digital era and globalization. This article explores the urgency of character education as a means of shaping a generation that excels not only academically but also morally and socially. Using a qualitative approach through literature review, the study highlights the importance of integrating character values into the national curriculum, the role of teacher role models, and the collaboration between schools, families, and communities. The findings indicate that consistently implemented, integrative character education can serve as a strategic solution to moral decline and as a foundation for building a civilization rooted in noble values.

The transformation of Islamic art is a long process that occurs through the interaction of various cultures. The Mughal dynasty in India became one of the most influential centers of Islamic art development, where Persian, Indian and Islamic cultures were combined in various art forms. This influence then spread to Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, through trade and the spread of Islam. The purpose of this article is to find out the history of the establishment and development of the Mughal Dynasty. In addition, it is also to know the progress of civilization and thought until the decline during the Mughal Dynasty. The Islamic civilization of the classical-middle period was a great civilization. At that time there was no other civilization that could match its greatness. The glory of Islam was felt in various regions, one of which was India. In India, Islam was once victorious as evidenced by the many Islamic dynasties that were established there, such as the Mamluk Dynasty (1206-1290), Khalji Dynasty (1206-1320 AD), Tugluq Dynasty (1320-1413 AD), and several other dynasties. However, the most prominent dynasty in India was the Mughal Dynasty. The Mughals were an Islamic dynasty that ruled India from the 16th century to the 19th century. It was one of the three major dynasties (Mughals, Ottoman Turks and Safavids) that emerged during the medieval period. The Mughal Dynasty had a major role in the development of Islam in India, ranging from politics, economics, arts and culture, religion, to the field of knowledge. The results showed that the success of the Mughal Dynasty in building the peak of Islamic civilization in India amidst the dominance of Hinduism was the result of an inclusive and tolerant policy of religious pluralism.

Identity politics in Southeast Asia has had a significant impact on the legal and state planning system. The study analyzes how exploitation of religious, ethnic, and ideological identity in politics affects various aspects, including elections, public policies, and law enforcement. The impact includes social and political polarizations, the weakening of the rule of law, discriminatory policies towards minorities, and conflicts between identity politics and human rights international standards. The response in these regions is diverse, ranging from an inclusive approach that emphasizes pluralism to a repressive approach that limits civil liberties. The study highlights the challenges in balancing group interests with the national interests, as well as the need for legal reform and political education to address political threats on stability, justice and democracy in Southeast Asia. This research also recommends harmonizing regulations, strengthening yudiative institutions, and democratic and human rights education as a solution to overcome these problems.      

The concept of sustainable development, despite its increasing frequency in international law literature, is too vague to be clearly defined and implemented. The concept of sustainable development appears in various documents withdifferent, even competing, themes and scopes. Rather than being a simultaneous manifestation of three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental, it is essentially an economic and environmental concept, and economic development is the primary priority for all countries, both developed and developing. By failing to fulfill their obligations to developing countries, developed countries have created an atmosphere of mistrust in establishing global sustainable development platforms. Overall, it appears that although the concept and idea of ​​sustainable development have gained widespread acceptance in international legal literature, and significant efforts have been made to assess the achievement of sustainable development, the unity of the three areas of economic development, social development, and environmental protection still faces challenges. There is a significant gap regarding the theoretical and practical position of sustainable development on the international stage and within the framework of international development law. The importance of this research lies in analyzing the constitutional protection of the right to sustainable development in the Iraqi Constitution and its compatibility with international standards. It also examines the legal and practical challenges facing Iraq, Egypt, and Jordan in implementing this right on the ground, and reviews the role of 2 governmental institutions and civil society in promoting and protecting the right to sustainable development.

This study aims to analyze the legal responsibilities that can be imposed on online lending platform organizers for the misuse and illegal distribution of consumer personal data. With the rapid development of the online lending industry, the issue of protecting consumer personal data has become a very important issue. Misuse of personal data can have serious impacts on consumers, including identity theft and financial loss. Therefore, this study examines the forms of legal responsibilities that can be applied, such as administrative, criminal, and civil responsibilities, as well as the obstacles faced in their implementation. This study uses a normative approach with an analysis of applicable regulations, namely the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP), the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), and other related regulations. Data were obtained through a literature review covering relevant laws and regulations, journals, articles, and case studies. The results of the study indicate that online lending platform organizers can be subject to three forms of legal responsibilities. Administrative responsibilities include sanctions imposed by supervisory authorities such as the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Personal Data Protection Agency (BPDP). Criminal responsibilities can be in the form of imprisonment and fines for those who violate provisions related to personal data protection. Civil liability gives consumers the right to file a lawsuit for losses caused by a breach of their personal data. This study also identified various obstacles in implementing legal liability, such as lack of awareness of organizers, difficulties in supervision, and legal loopholes in user agreements.

This study aims to identify the optimal model in the integration of philosophical disciplines in the structure of the educational program of “Public Administration” students, as well as explore the features of the management of educational strategies suitable for the training of civil servants. The main focus of this research is: 1) academic management strategies to overcome curriculum overlap due to the dominance of philosophical disciplines in public administration study programs; 2) adaptation of educational programs for public administration students to be in line with the needs of the world of work, both at national and international levels; 3) characteristics of internationalization of public administration education programs, especially in the context of academic mobility and adaptation of the Indonesian public administration system to global standards. This research uses the cultural-historical analysis approach, comparative method, structural-functional method, and expert evaluation to explore and analyze problems and develop solutions. The research findings show that the dominance of traditional philosophy courses in the curriculum is often ineffective in shaping the competencies needed in the world of work. The research identified three main challenges: saturation of the curriculum with theoretical courses, lack of connection between the curriculum and the practical needs of the working world, and low use of English in teaching key courses. To address these issues, this research proposes restructuring the curriculum through the integration of three disciplinary groups: applied logic, cultural studies, and applied political science. In addition, the implementation of a contextualized bilingual learning model is also considered as a solution to improve the relevance of the curriculum. The uniqueness of this article lies in its approach that combines philosophical studies with managerial strategies in curriculum design, complemented by empirical experiences from international and cross-institutional cooperation. This article offers a reinterpretation of the utilization of philosophy as a tool for the development of professional competence in public administration education, not just as an abstract worldview.

Loanwords are a linguistic phenomenon that reflects the dynamic nature of a language in its interaction with other languages. Arabic, as a language with a long-standing history in world civilization, has undergone processes of lexical borrowing from various foreign languages—phonologically, morphologically, and semantically. This study aims to identify and analyze the forms of loanwords found in the book Al-‘Arabiyyah Bayna Yadayk, one of the most widely used Arabic language textbooks internationally, including in Indonesia. The method employed is descriptive qualitative with a contemporary linguistic approach. The findings indicate that the textbook contains numerous loanwords from languages such as English, French, Turkish, and Persian. These borrowed terms have undergone phonological and morphological adaptations to fit the structure of Arabic. This study reveals that the use of loanwords in Arabic language learning materials not only enriches the vocabulary but also reflects the openness of the Arabic language to global developments.

The phenomenon of buying and selling photocards is growing among music fans, with X social media widely chosen as a platform for buying and selling due to its ease of access and wide reach. However, this practice often raises legal issues, especially regarding the occurrence of fraud by the seller through the provision of false evidence of goods or the sale of non-original goods. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of photocard sale and purchase agreements that contain elements of fraud. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the agreement containing elements of fraud does not fulfill the subjective aspects in the validity of the agreement as stipulated in the Civil Code (KUHPerdata), thus causing a defect of will. As a result, the agreement can be canceled through the mechanism of requesting cancellation in court.