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The practice of early marriage persists as a significant societal controversy. Early marriage frequently results in adverse consequences for both the individuals involved and the children subsequently born. Children originating from such unions exhibit an elevated risk of encountering health and developmental challenges, which serve as principal indicators of child well-being. This research endeavors to analyze early marriage and its implications for child welfare through the lens of Family Law. The study aims to contribute novel insights and augment intellectual discourse concerning early marriage and its effects on child welfare. Furthermore, this research ascertains the congruence between the practice of early marriage and the principles of Islamic Sharia pertaining to child welfare. The methodology employed is empirical juridical research utilizing a qualitative approach, incorporating in-depth interviews conducted within the Jambi Luar Kota District. Data collection involved primary and secondary sources, gathered via observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The study yielded three primary findings: (1) Influential factors contributing to early marriage in the Jambi Luar Kota District encompass: pregnancies compelling marriage, the educational backgrounds of the individuals entering early marriage and their respective parents, personal volition or familial influence and economic circumstances. (2) The repercussions of early marriage within the Jambi Luar Kota District for children include heightened vulnerability to diverse health and social issues, low birth weight, birth-related injuries, growth and developmental impediments such as stunting, and inadequate parental attention leading to hindered cognitive development. (3) From the perspective of Islamic family law, the principles of maqashid sharia demonstrate substantial relevance to child welfare. An ideal marriage necessitates physical, mental, and social preparedness, predicated on the virtuous intention of establishing a family characterized by tranquility (sakinah), affection (mawaddah), and compassion (rahmah). 

This study aims to analyze the concept of consumer demand in the perspective of Islamic economics with a focus on the influence of spiritual values ​​on the consumption behavior of Muslims. The academic problem underlying this study is the gap between the values ​​of Islamic teachings that emphasize simplicity, blessings, and spiritual responsibility, with the social reality of Muslims who often exhibit consumptive behavior and follow the flow of modern capitalism. This study uses a qualitative approach with library research methods, reviewing various literature related to the concept of consumption in Islamic economics, maqashid al-syari'ah, and spiritual values ​​such as halal, thayyib, qana'ah, wara', and zuhud. The results of the analysis show that spiritual values ​​have a significant role in shaping consumer demand that is not only oriented towards material satisfaction, but also towards blessings and social responsibility. Demand in Islamic economics is positioned as a moral and worship activity, not merely a rational economic decision. Consumption based on spiritual values ​​is also positively correlated with inner peace and mental health of consumers. Therefore, internalization of Islamic values ​​in consumption behavior is believed to be able to realize a fair, sustainable, and falah-oriented economic system (happiness in the world and the hereafter).

This study aims to evaluate the sharia financial service strategy of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Banjarnegara Branch through the VRIO and PEST approaches, in order to identify internal advantages and external dynamics that affect the competitiveness of the institution. Using a qualitative-descriptive method, this study reveals that BSI Banjarnegara has a sustainable competitive advantage through sharia-based products that are difficult to imitate, a wide community network, and a personal service approach. In addition, the results of the PEST analysis show that political support, stable economic conditions, and the level of community religiosity are great opportunities for the growth of sharia finance in the region, although the level of digital technology adoption is still a challenge. The strategy of strengthening digitalization, education of sharia financial literacy, and product innovation such as Cicil Emas are the main keys in responding to market challenges and increasing financial inclusion. Thus, the results of this study provide a strategic direction for the development of sustainable and adaptive sharia services to changes in the business environment.    

Ibn Khaldun's thoughts, especially those presented in his work Muqaddimah, have made important contributions to understanding the dynamics of society, economy, and politics. This article comprehensively examines Ibn Khaldun's development theory with a historical approach, conceptual analysis, and reflection on the relevance of his thoughts in the modern era. Using literature study and content analysis methods, this study explores central concepts such as asabiyyah, dynasty cycle, economic productivity, and the role of the state in development. The findings show that although issued in the 14th century, Ibn Khaldun's development theory has essential similarities with contemporary development paradigms such as the importance of social capital, fiscal balance, and leadership regeneration. The theoretical implications of this study are expected to enrich the discourse on development based on ethical values ​​and social justice.

Money has different functions and roles based on conventional and Islamic perspectives. The time value of money in Islam and conventional economics have different perceptions, which can lead to debate. In addition, the sharia legitimacy review of the time value of money in the conventional economic system raises a dividing line against the Islamic economic system. This research aims to examine the concept of the time value of money and its legitimizing role from a sharia perspective. The method used in this research is data analysis method using literature study with qualitative method. This research has implications for the theory and practice of Islamic finance.

Women continue to be victims of domestic violence, sexual harassment, and other forms of gender-based violence in various places. This research aims to deeply understand the synodality of the Church in shaping the congregation's understanding of gender. The meaning of synodality is closely related to the mission or service of the Church, which also involves women, thus requiring principles to further shape the understanding of gender from the perspective of Mulieris Dignitatem. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method where the tools used for data collection are observation and interviews. The research results show that the community's understanding of gender is still limited to the equality of men and women. Understanding how to honor women as partners in God's creation and act like God in holiness has not yet been fully realized in real life. All congregants must comprehend gender understanding in the Church to prevent discrimination that can cause women to feel marginalized and perceive themselves as a weak, small, alienated, and useless group. However, on the contrary, women must always be taken into account, especially their role in responding to God's work of salvation. Synodality becomes a bridge to understanding gender and a key to further understanding gender in the perspective of Mulieris Dignitatem.

Misuse of accounts linked to telephone numbers has become a serious issue in the realm of cybercrime. This often happens when a user's telephone number is inactive or has entered a grace period, and is then resold by the provider to a third party. This creates an opening for hackers to access accounts associated with that number, including banking and e-commerce accounts. By utilizing the information obtained, hackers can carry out illegal transactions that harm genuine users. This article was created to analysis the mechanisms of abuse in the context of cybercrime, as well as the psychological and financial impacts experienced by victims. The results of this case analysis show that a lack of awareness of cyber security and personal data protection increases the risk of misuse, making it important for users to implement stricter security measures.

This study aims to describe the principles of legality in Indonesia and France. This study uses normative legal research methods, namely secondary legal materials in the form of data obtained from books and opinions of experts related to this study. The results of this study indicate that the principles of legality in Indonesia and France highlight the importance of legal certainty, human rights, and a sense of justice in the criminal law system. In Indonesia, the principle of legality has been regulated in the Criminal Code since 1946, but its application is often not pure because of the customary law that still applies. Although there have been amendment efforts, it often ends in a confusing system. Meanwhile, in France, the principle of legality developed from resistance to arbitrary power, which was emphasized in the Habeas Corpus Act in England in 1679. This principle gives parliament the authority to determine the components of violations and their sanctions, as a guarantee of the freedom of citizens from excessive tyrannical actions.

The development of information technology has had a major impact on the personal data management system. In Indonesia, the enactment of Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection is a crucial step in guaranteeing individual privacy rights as part of human rights. This study aims to examine the form of legal accountability for personal data violations based on the provisions of the Law Number 27 of 2022. The method used is normative juridical with a statutory regulatory approach. The results of the study show that violations of personal data can be subject to sanctions in two forms, namely administrative and criminal. These sanctions are given to data controllers and parties proven to have violated the provisions, either due to negligence or deliberate actions. Although it has been regulated normatively, implementation in the field still faces a number of challenges, such as weak supervision, lack of legal literacy in the community, and unpreparedness of digital infrastructure. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen supervisory institutions, ongoing public education, and more responsive law enforcement mechanisms. This research is expected to contribute to the development of regulations and practices for personal data protection in Indonesia.

The increasing prevalence of occult practices within Indonesian society, including among church congregations, from a biblical theological perspective. The study employs a qualitative method, analyzing both Old and New Testament scriptures and conducting interviews with church members and leaders. Findings reveal that occultism-defined as beliefs and practices related to supernatural powers-has existed since ancient times and continues to evolve in modern society. The Bible strictly prohibits all forms of occultism, considering them abominations before God and detrimental to spiritual life. Involvement in occult practices leads to spiritual decline, disrupted relationships with God, and various spiritual and social problems. This article highlights the crucial role of the church in providing sound theological understanding and practical solutions to protect congregations from the influence of occultism.

Early reading is an important foundation in mastering language skills, especially for first grade elementary school students. Problems that often arise at this stage include difficulty in recognizing letters, arranging letters into words, and pronunciation and understanding simple reading. This study aims to analyze the early reading skills of first grade students in terms of cognitive and psychomotor aspects, and to identify factors that hinder their achievement. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with test instruments to assess cognitive abilities and observations to assess psychomotor skills. The subjects of the study consisted of five first grade students. The results showed that most students had very good cognitive abilities in early reading, but their psychomotor abilities tended to be low. A gap was found between theoretical understanding and practical skills of students. This finding emphasizes the importance of a balanced and holistic learning strategy so that students not only understand conceptually, but are also able to apply reading skills in real life.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of sanctions against wealthy customers who delay payments in the perspective of DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 17/DSN-MUI/IX/2000. The study was conducted at PT. BPRS Alwashliyah Gunung Krakatau Medan with a normative and empirical legal approach. The results of the study indicate that the application of sanctions against customers who delay payments is an effort by banks to maintain the smoothness of the financing system. The application of the DSN-MUI fatwa provides a legal basis for Islamic banks in imposing sanctions on wealthy customers who neglect to fulfill their obligations. This fatwa also strengthens the position of banks in the Indonesian civil law system.

The Senkaku Islands dispute involves Japan, China, and Taiwan on the basis of historical claims, international law, and strategic and economic interests. The strategic value of this region increases along with the potential of natural resources and the importance of maritime routes in the East China Sea. The main problems in this research are, first, how is the chronology of the Senkaku Islands dispute, and second, how is the analysis of international law on the sovereignty claims of each party. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, which is based on a literature study of international legal documents, scientific journals, and various related official sources. The results show that Japan controls the Senkaku Islands de facto and strengthens its claim based on the principle of effectiveness. In contrast, China and Taiwan make claims based on the history of the Ming and Qing Dynasties but have no actual control over the territory. The dispute is further complicated by the United States' security support for Japan, as well as increased maritime and military patrol activities around the disputed area. Efforts to resolve the dispute through the International Court of Justice have been stymied by Japan's refusal to recognize the dispute and China's caution in taking the case to international law. Overall, the dispute has not only a legal dimension, but also reflects the sharp geopolitical competition in the East Asian region. Resolving this dispute requires a flexible diplomatic approach, given that formal legal channels are difficult to pursue. Multilateral dialog is the key to preventing conflict escalation that could threaten regional stability.

Marriage is an important aspect of social and religious life, regulated by religious and state laws. This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of marriages that take place without the presence of a marriage guardian, especially in the context of a prospective bride whose status is a convert. From the perspective of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law, the presence of a marriage guardian is an absolute requirement for the validity of a marriage. This research uses a normative juridical method by utilizing literature studies as legal material to examine more deeply the hierarchy of marriage guardians and the implications arising from marriage without a marriage guardian. The results of this research show that a marriage that is not attended by a legal guardian can result in the invalidity of the marriage, which will have an impact on the legal status of children and women's rights. The case of Rizky Febian and Mahalini's marriage is a concrete example that shows the importance of the presence of a marriage guardian in maintaining the validity of marriage. This research is expected to provide a good understanding of the importance of marriage guardians and the legal procedures that must be followed in marriage, especially for prospective brides who convert to Islam.

This study examines the legal responsibility of producers for the circulation of hazardous food products through a strict liability approach, with a case study on the Okko Bread product which was proven to contain sodium dehydroacetate (NDA)—a substance prohibited for use in bread based on BPOM regulations. The research method used is normative empirical, namely combining analysis of laws and regulations, especially Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, with empirical facts from the findings of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) and the responses of producers. The results of the study show that producers do not fully carry out their legal obligations, both in terms of information transparency and responsibility for consumer losses. The application of the strict liability principle still faces obstacles in implementation, mainly due to weak supervision, low legal awareness of producers, and minimal consumer literacy. These findings indicate the need to strengthen regulations, increase legal sanctions, and educate the public so that the principle of absolute liability truly provides fair protection for consumers. This study emphasizes the importance of integration between law enforcement, business ethics, and the active role of society in creating an effective and sustainable consumer protection system.

Improving the quality of education in madrasahs is a strategic issue in enhancing the competitiveness of Islamic education in the global era. However, the implementation of quality management in madrasahs is often not yet systemically and sustainably integrated. This article aims to examine the application of Total Quality Management (TQM) in madrasah quality management and to formulate a conceptual model suited to the context of Islamic education in Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative approach using a library research method, with data collected from a range of relevant and up-to-date academic literature. The data were analyzed using content analysis to identify key concepts, theoretical relationships, and best practices in applying TQM within the madrasah environment. The findings reveal that the success of TQM implementation is influenced by transformational leadership of the madrasah principal, participation of all stakeholders, adoption of the CIPP evaluation model, and the internalization of Islamic values. This article proposes a TQM-based madrasah quality management model that is both contextual and applicable. It offers a theoretical contribution to the development of quality systems in Islamic education and recommends further field research to empirically validate the proposed model.

One form of implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education is industrial visit activities for the application of science, including industrial visits at the international level. This industrial visit was conducted at JJ Ardon Transport, located in Goes City, Zeeland, The Netherlands. This article aims to analyze the benefits and impacts on the enrichment of management knowledge and corporate management strategies at the global level applied to the companies visited. The methods used include direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of operational practices in the company. The results of the discussion show that management practices, implementation of business strategies and modern technology have been implemented by JJ Ardon Transport and can be a reference for the management of similar companies in Indonesia. This article also provides recommendations for the implementation of the results of the visit in the development of higher education curricula and strengthening international collaboration.

This study examines the quality of hadiths concerning risywah (bribery) through the classical hadith sciences perspective, focusing on sanad (chain of transmission) and Matan (textual content) criticism. Using a qualitative approach, the research traces the transmission routes and analyzes the content of relevant hadiths sourced from primary collections such as the Kutub Sittah and contemporary scholarly works. The analysis reveals that most hadiths on risywah exhibit significant weaknesses in their sanad, including inconsistencies in transmission chains (idhthirāb), questionable credibility of key narrators, and the presence of unidentified narrators (majhūl al-hāl). Additionally, variations in wording and potential distortions in the matan raise doubts about the authenticity of the hadith content. Nevertheless, some hadiths with stronger sanad, such as those narrated by Abdullah bin 'Amr and Abu Hurairah, serve as solid foundations for reinforcing the prohibition of risywah. The study underscores the necessity of a holistic approach in hadith criticism that integrates sanad verification, Matan analysis, and historical contextualization to preserve the integrity of Islamic legal sources and recommends caution in utilizing problematic hadiths related to risywah.

Marriage is the union of two indivoduals in legal bond. In the Islamic perspective, marriage is not only a covenant between two people, but also a sunatullah or Allah’s decree that applies to all of Allah’s creatures. This research analyzes marriage in the midst of an economic crisis from the persperctive of Islamic Religious Education, focusing on the concept of marriage, the impact of the economic crisis, the role of Islamic Religious Education, Islamic solutions to the challeges of marriage in the midst of an economic crisis. This research uses a qualitative method with literature analysis with the aim of describing the discussion of marriage and the economy  

Happiness is a word that is the obsession of every living human being, but many people are trapped in false happiness, so a discussion about happiness in this world and the hereafter is needed to be used as a guide. This article aims to explore the key to happiness in this world and the hereafter from the perspective of KH. Husain Ilyas Mojokerto, with a character study setting. The result: that the key to happiness in this world and the hereafter is to have three attitudes and behaviors, namely: As-Shofa, Al-Wafa, and Al-Jafa. As-Shofa means learning to cleanse the heart, learning from others who are more successful. Al-Wafa means keeping promises, not breaking your own words, not being a hypocrite. Al-Jafa means not being affected by praise, not being surprised when being cursed or insulted. These three concepts indicate that the essence of true happiness is not a matter of material things, but how to cultivate attitudes and behaviors that are reflections from the depths of the heart. This finding provides a direction for further research on true happiness that is multifunctional, namely the world and the hereafter. This study is expected to be useful for the direction of future research.