Publication Search

Modern education has produced various learning theories such as behaviorism, cognitivism, humanism, constructivism, and postmodernism, each contributing significantly to the understanding of learning processes, motivation, and knowledge formation. However, these theories are rooted in secular philosophical foundations that place humanity at the center of truth while neglecting the spiritual dimension revealed in Scripture. This condition creates tension for Christian education, which upholds the Bible as the epistemological basis and ultimate purpose of learning. This study aims to critically examine the secular assumptions embedded within modern learning theories, identify pedagogical elements that can be integrated into Christian education, and formulate strategies for Christian educators to utilize secular theories without compromising their theological foundation. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method through a literature review of books, journals, and relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that although modern learning theories offer valuable pedagogical insights, they contain naturalistic, rationalistic, humanistic, and relativistic assumptions that must be filtered through biblical theology. Christian educators are not required to reject secular theories entirely; rather, they bear an apologetic responsibility to discern useful methods, reject conflicting philosophical assumptions, and direct the entire learning process toward glorifying God. Thus, modern learning theories can function as effective tools within Christian education when positioned correctly as pedagogical instruments under the authority of Scripture.

This study aims to optimize Indonesian language development, especially in correcting language errors in seventh-grade students through French fries as an interactive learning tool. This classroom action research was conducted in one cycle on 30 students of grade VII-E of SMP Negeri 12 Tasikmalaya in the 2025/2026 academic year. A qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, sentence correction tests, interviews, and documentation was used in this study. The results showed that the use of French fries media with incorrect sentences in it can improve students' ability to identify and correct errors in spelling, grammar, and word choice. The percentage of completeness of sentence correction skills increased from 33.33% (pre-action) to 86.67% after the implementation of the action. This media can also increase student motivation and involvement in learning. It can be concluded that this French fries media is effective to be used as an aid in Indonesian language development that is fun and highly contextual.  

This research explores the use of person deixis in the Balinese language, with a particular focus on the honorific system as a form of social interaction. Person deixis not only reflects the relationship between the speaker and the interlocutor but also serves as a key mechanism for expressing social status, age, and emotional closeness. This research addresses the question: Does the choice of deictic forms involve specific cognitive processes, such as the assessment of social status, politeness, and situational context?  Beside that, this research also discuss what factors most influence the choice of personal pronouns used in dialogue? Employing a descriptive-qualitative approach and analyzing data from Balinese narrative texts, this article examines how the selection of deictic expressions engages complex cognitive mechanisms. The findings reveal that the use of honorifics is not merely a linguistic practice but also influences speakers’ patterns of thought in interpreting and evaluating social relationships. These results support the notion that language and thought are closely interconnected, and that the structure of the Balinese language cultivates a high degree of social sensitivity in its speakers from an early age.

The novel "Woman at Point Zero" is a novel that predominantly draws on psychological elements. The purpose of this study is to describe: (1) the relationship between theme and character through action, (2) the relationship between theme and character's thoughts, and (3) the relationship between theme and character's feelings. This study uses a qualitative approach. The method used is descriptive analysis. The data consists of linguistic units such as sentences, phrases, and paragraphs related to character's actions, thoughts, and feelings. The data source is the novel "Woman at Point Zero," published by the Obor Indonesia Foundation in 2006. The conclusion of this study is that the theme influenced by action determines humans as supreme beings, the theme influenced by dominant thoughts determines humans as social beings, and the theme's relationship with feelings determines humans as individual beings. This novel depicts the dark side faced by Egyptian women amidst Arab culture steeped in patriarchal values. Women still experience unequal rights and never receive the same rights as men. As in Arab societies, patriarchal culture is one of the foundations of debate over women's status in society, and it continues to generate conflict. The lack of guaranteed women's rights, political freedom, and the hierarchical constraints of husbands leave women disadvantaged in all aspects of life, experiencing discrimination, violence, and poverty.

Based on the ideal phenomenon of making any object a subject of discourse study, the author selects a book as the research object, using Norman Fairclough's theory as the analytical tool. Norman Fairclough's theory analyzes a text based on relations, identities, production, consumption, and socio-culture. The implementation of this theory is applied to the book titled Pengajian Ramadhan Kiai Duladi (Ramadhan Teachings by Kiai Duladi) to determine the author's intention within the text based on the text's production and the socio-cultural context of religious issues that occur during the month of Ramadhan. The research model used is qualitative descriptive. The research object is sourced from a title called Kiai Pemburu Dolar (Kiai the Dollar Hunter). For data collection, the author utilizes the documentation technique, gathering information or evidence through the examination of archives and documents that have been transcribed into written form. The results of the research conclude that, in the textual dimension, the book's author emphasizes the use of diction in their work. Meanwhile, in the discursive practice dimension, the author adjusts their status and educational background in the text's production, and the consumption is intended for all social levels. In the socio-cultural dimension, the author focuses more on social issues related to religion that frequently arise during the month of Ramadhan.

This study examines the effectiveness of digital storytelling in enhancing the speaking skills of secondary EFL learners. The research responds to persistent challenges in speaking instruction, particularly students’ limited fluency, low confidence, and insufficient exposure to meaningful communicative tasks. Using a mixed methods design, the study involved an eight week intervention in which students created scripted digital stories through narration, multimedia editing, and collaborative production. Quantitative data were collected through pre-test and post-test assessments measuring fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary, and coherence, while qualitative data were obtained through observations, interviews, and student reflections. The findings reveal substantial improvements in speaking performance, especially in fluency and coherence, accompanied by increased engagement, reduced speaking anxiety, and heightened self awareness during the storytelling process. These results highlight that digital storytelling provides repeated oral practice and authentic communicative opportunities that support learners’ linguistic and affective development. The study offers implications for English teachers and curriculum designers by demonstrating that technology supported narrative tasks can be integrated into regular instruction to foster more interactive, creative, and student centered speaking learning environments.

This research is motivated by the widespread use of non-standard Indonesian on social media, which has resulted in low public awareness of the importance of implementing Indonesian according to the rules.The purpose of this study is to analyze Instagram users’ awareness of using standard Indonesian words and to assess the effectiveness of language coaching through social media. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, where data were collected through polls using the Instagram Story feature, observation of uploaded content, and analysis of audience interactions between account managers and followers. The findings show that most social media users still tend to use nonstandard word forms in daily communication. However, after receiving coaching through educational content, there was a significant improvement in understanding and applying standard word forms. This study concludes that Instagram can serve as an effective and engaging medium for language development, as it can reach diverse audiences and encourage users to be more aware, responsible, and wise in using proper Indonesian according to the norms of the Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) and the Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia (PUEBI).

The integration of language and culture plays a crucial role in shaping the complexity of human cognitive processes. Language acts not only as a means of conveying messages but also as a conceptual system that influences how individuals construct mental representations, process information, and reason. Culture, on the other hand, provides a set of values, norms, and thought patterns that shape attention, interpretation of experiences, and strategies for understanding the social world. A review of literature from the fields of linguistic relativity, cultural psychology, neurolinguistics, and cross-cultural cognition found that differences in language structure, bilingual experience, and cultural value orientations result in variations in perception, memory, and executive function. Neurocognitive findings indicate that the influence of language and culture is evident down to the level of brain activation. Furthermore, the sociocultural approach emphasizes the role of language as a mediating tool in the process of internalizing values ​​and developing higher-order cognitive abilities. Thus, human cognition is the result of a dynamic interaction between language, culture, and social experience.

This study aims to analyze how the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka supports the cultivation of Christian moral values among senior high school students in Christian Religious Education (PAK) classes. Using a library research method, the study reviews various written sources including books, scholarly articles, and curriculum documents to obtain a comprehensive understanding of how Christian values are integrated into PAK learning. The findings reveal that the Kurikulum Merdeka provides wide opportunities for student-centered, contextual, and character-oriented learning through the Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) Project. Christian values such as love, honesty, responsibility, forgiveness, and compassion can be internalized through intracurricular, co-curricular, and experiential project-based activities. The role of teachers as moral exemplars is crucial in guiding students’ character formation. The study also identifies several challenges, including the influence of digital culture, lack of role models within families, and limited instructional time. In conclusion, the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka has significant potential to foster Christian character in students, yet requires collaborative support from schools, families, and churches to achieve maksimal outcomes.

Multicultural counseling has become an essential need within increasingly diverse university environments. Students bring various cultural backgrounds, beliefs, languages, and social experiences, which requires counseling services to respond fairly and without bias. This papper explores efforts to build bias-free multicultural counseling through three main areas: a theoretical understanding of cultural competence, practical strategies for reducing counselor bias, and an implementation model that higher education institutions can apply. The approach highlights the importance of counselor self-awareness, the ability to recognize cultural dynamics, and the use of counseling techniques that are sensitive to diversity. In addition, the papper discusses the role of campus policies and ongoing training in creating inclusive services. By integrating theory and practice, campus counseling is expected to provide a safe space for all students. A bias-free approach not only strengthens counseling effectiveness but also contributes to an academic climate that respects differences. This papper offers recommendations to help universities develop counseling systems that can respond to an increasingly plural society.

Body shaming and physical discrimination are significant issues affecting adolescents' psychological development. Adolescents who experience negative treatment related to their physical appearance often face low self-esteem, stress, and social isolation. This article discusses the implementation of multicultural counseling as an effective intervention strategy to address these problems. Multicultural counseling emphasizes understanding cultural differences, values, and social norms that influence perceptions of the body and appearance. This approach involves self-reflection techniques, group discussions, role-playing, and personal experience narratives to enhance self-awareness, empathy, and adolescents’ ability to cope with body shaming and physical discrimination. In addition, counselors provide education on social stereotypes, beauty standards, and the importance of inclusion, helping adolescents develop adaptive coping mechanisms. Research findings indicate that multicultural counseling can reduce negative psychological impacts, increase self-acceptance, and promote tolerance toward physical diversity. The implementation of this counseling is essential for creating social environments that support adolescents’ mental and emotional development. This article offers practical contributions for counselors, educators, and psychology practitioners in designing multicultural-based interventions that are sensitive to issues of body shaming and physical discrimination

First Language Acquisition is a crucial process influenced by various language learning theories. This research aims to comprehensively analyze the application of the main L1 theories, such as Behaviorism, Nativism, and Interactionism, and to thoroughly examine the concept, utility, and identification techniques of students’ prior knowledge within the context of child language acquisition. Employing a critical analytica l literature review method, the findings indicate that L1 Acquisition is not solely explained by one theory but results from the interaction between innate endowment (LAD) and environmental input. A key finding highlights that the identification of prior knowledge, encompassing cognitive, linguistic, and social aspects, is highly functional as a basis for determining appropriate scaffolding and providing comprehensible language input. The most relevant detection techniques involve direct observation and analysis of children’s spontaneous speech.It is concluded that a holistic understanding of L1 theories and the early identification of prior knowledge is essential for educators and parents. This finding has implications for formulating personalized language development strategies, thereby optimizing children’s language potential from an early age.

The study of meaning in language, whether found in words, phrases, or sentences, is known as semantics. Language often has diverse or metaphorical meanings in literary works such as songs, which can confuse listeners. This becomes a problem when listeners understand song lyrics differently from what the artist intended. The song “Kembali Pulang” by Suara Kayu and Feby Putri, which is currently popular, is an example of lyrics rich in symbolism and meaning, making it interesting to study semantically. Abdul Chaer's semantic theory, which focuses on determining lexical and grammatical meaning, forms the basis of this approach. Lexical meaning, which includes synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, hyponyms, polysemy, redundancy, and ambiguity, is the dictionary meaning or actual meaning. However, meanings that have undergone composition, reduplication, and affixation are known as grammatical meanings. To correctly and thoroughly understand the message conveyed by the song “Kembali Pulang” by Suara Kayu and Feby Putri, this study aims to clarify the lexical and grammatical meanings contained in the song lyrics. A descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study, which included analysis of the song lyrics along with recording, listening, and reading strategies.

Pindang tetel is a traditional Pekalongan culinary specialty born from the creativity of the community in utilizing limited food ingredients, especially beef offal, which in the past was synonymous with lower-class consumption. This culinary dish not only serves as a daily meal, but also represents historical, social, and symbolic values ​​that reflect how Javanese people respond to their economic conditions and the dynamics of their lives. This study aims to examine the cultural meaning, local identity values, and the transformation process of pindang tetel in a modern context, especially when the dish is marketed in the tourist area of ​​Lake Al Kautsar, Kayugeritan. The study used a qualitative approach with a mini-ethnography method through direct observation, in-depth interviews with sellers, and informal conversations with consumers. The results show that pindang tetel has undergone adaptations in its presentation without losing its basic character, so it remains recognized as a traditional culinary dish. In the context of local tourism, pindang tetel serves as a representation of Pekalongan's cultural identity and a medium for cultural introduction for tourists. These findings confirm that traditional culinary plays an important role in shaping collective memory, strengthening local identity, and providing sustainable symbolic and social value in addition to economic value.

The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum is a national education policy aimed at enhancing the quality of learning through a more flexible, student-centered approach that emphasizes character strengthening. However, the implementation of this curriculum in Islamic schools based on pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) presents unique challenges that require in-depth study. This research aims to describe the challenges faced by teachers in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum at MANU Putra Buntet Pesantren and to examine the school's readiness in supporting its execution. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, semi-structured interviews with the Vice Principal for Curriculum Affairs, and documentation. The results indicate that the Merdeka Curriculum has been implemented in grades X and XI, but its execution is not yet fully optimal. The main challenges faced by teachers include low student engagement in learning, demands for adapting to rapid policy changes from the government and the Ministry of Religious Affairs, as well as limitations in supporting learning facilities and infrastructure. Nevertheless, the character of MANU Putra Buntet Pesantren as an Islamic school based on pesantren serves as a strength in integrating Islamic values into learning. The implications of this research highlight the need for mentoring, more intensive socialization, and improved facilities to ensure the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Islamic schools can be more effective and aligned with the objectives of Islamic education.

This study aims to analyze the representation of hegemony in the film Kupu-Kupu Kertas using Antonio Gramsci’s hegemony theory and a literary sociology approach. As a medium of mass communication, film not only conveys stories but also produces and reproduces cultural values, ideologies, and power structures that operate subtly within society. Set against the historical backdrop of 1965, the film portrays ideological clashes between NU/Ansor and the PKI, which affect not only political spheres but also everyday culture, social relations, and moral dynamics that shape the collective consciousness of Javanese society. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through content analysis of the film using an observation–note technique to identify scenes, dialogues, and visual symbols related to culture, hegemony, and ideology. The analysis focuses on revealing how dominant values are constructed and negotiated through the representation of characters, narratives, and social traditions portrayed in the film. In conclusion, Kupu-Kupu Kertas not only documents the political tragedy of 1965 but also demonstrates that hegemony operates through subtle mechanisms embedded in culture, morality, and patterns of thought. This study affirms the relevance of Gramsci’s theory in examining literary works and films as social texts that practice power while also opening space for understanding individual resistance to ideological domination.

School management quality is a vital factor in determining the success of the educational process, yet current efforts often appear partial and sub-optimal due to shortcomings in planning, supervision, and human resource development. This library research, employing a descriptive analytical method and systematic literature review through academic databases, aimed to analyze the crucial role of educational leadership in enhancing school management quality. The findings indicate that the core tasks of educational leadership encompass strategic planning, resource management, academic supervision, and integrated decision-making, all of which are fundamental for quality-oriented school governance. Effective leadership is characterized by vision, strong communication, adaptability, and a deep commitment to professional development. The study concludes that the success of improving school management quality is highly dependent on the principal’s ability to execute leadership tasks that are visionary, professional, strategic, and sustainable. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that principals consistently enhance their managerial and supervision competencies and cultivate a school culture that is professional and oriented towards continuous quality improvement.  

This article examines the evolution of the concept of femininity in East Asian makeup culture by tracing changes in style, function, and social meaning from traditional periods to the modern era. The study focuses on makeup practices in China, Japan, and Korea, which possess distinct cultural and historical backgrounds yet similarly demonstrate dynamic developments of femininity through visual expression. The research employs a literature review using a qualitative approach, complemented by an analysis of beauty trends emerging in each country. The findings indicate that facial makeup functions not merely as an aesthetic practice but also as a medium for representing personal identity, social status, gender roles, and prevailing cultural values within society. The transformation of makeup practices is influenced by various factors, including local traditional heritage, processes of modernization, changes in women’s roles, and globalization, which introduces new beauty standards. Nevertheless, traditional elements continue to be preserved and adapted, forming distinctive regional characteristics. Overall, this study emphasizes that the concept of femininity in East Asian makeup culture is dynamic and contextual, continually adapting to social change while remaining deeply rooted in longstanding cultural values.

This study aims to identify the representation and manifestation of social values contained in the novel “40 Hari Takdir Itu Bernama Hidup dan Mati” (40 Days of Destiny Called Life and Death) by Adeicama. The research method used is a literature study with note-taking techniques on primary data (novels) and secondary data (related literature). Data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods based on Wirawan's theory of social values, Mulyana's theory of religious values, and Nurgiyantoro's theory of literary analysis. The results show that this novel represents social values through solidarity, caring, responsibility, and criticism of technological dependence. Religious values are manifested through faith in destiny, sincerity in loss, self-control, and the role of prayer and hope. These two aspects of value are interrelated, enriching the meaning of the story and providing an understanding of how humans deal with the uncertainties of life through social norms and spiritual strength. This research contributes to the development of literary studies and literary sociology, and is relevant for increasing public appreciation and critical understanding of the function of literature as a reflection of ethical and social norms.

Counseling is an essential service for helping students overcome academic and non-academic challenges and preparing them for future challenges. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of counseling services at SMAN 3 Karawang, focusing on the role of counselors in providing individual and group counseling services, as well as counseling activities. Furthermore, it explores factors influencing the success of counseling services, such as school support and student participation in the program. Through interviews with counselors, observations of service implementation, and documentation of counseling activities, the results indicate that the effectiveness of counseling in schools is strongly influenced by active student involvement and counselor competence in delivering materials. Optimal counseling services can improve students' psychological well-being, social skills, and academic achievement. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of counseling as an integral part of holistic education.