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Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan masalah kesehatan kronis yang ditandai hiperglikemia persisten dan berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi jangka panjang. Aktivitas fisik merupakan salah satu intervensi non-farmakologis yang berperan penting dalam membantu pengendalian kadar glukosa darah pada penyandang diabetes melitus. Tujuan: Literatur review ini menganalisis pengaruh berbagai bentuk aktivitas fisik—termasuk senam kaki, senam diabetes, jalan kaki, senam Prolanis, serta aktivitas fisik harian intensitas sedang—terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien DM tipe 2. Metode: Kajian dilakukan terhadap 16 artikel penelitian terbitan 2021–2025 yang diperoleh melalui Google Scholar dan PubMed. Hasil: Seluruh penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang konsisten bahwa aktivitas fisik mampu meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin, memperbaiki metabolisme glukosa, dan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah puasa maupun sewaktu. Intervensi senam kaki dan senam diabetes menunjukkan penurunan signifikan rata-rata 29–160 mg/dL. Aktivitas jalan kaki terstruktur juga memberikan penurunan glukosa yang konsisten. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan bahwa kombinasi aktivitas fisik dan edukasi kesehatan meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien dalam pengelolaan penyakit. Kesimpulan: Aktivitas fisik merupakan pilar penting dalam manajemen DM tipe 2, memberikan manfaat fisiologis, perilaku, dan kualitas hidup yang melengkapi terapi farmakologis. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan durasi intervensi lebih panjang untuk mengevaluasi dampak jangka panjang terhadap HbA1c dan komplikasi diabetes.

The Soxhlet extraction method uses repeated heating and solvent circulation to separate substances from mixtures, producing more extract faster than maceration with less solvent. However, this method requires pure solvents and is not suitable for thermolabile compounds as they can be degraded by heat. Soxhlet extraction is more effective for limited quantities of dry and fine herbal materials. This method is widely used to extract phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and curcumin, and has potential in cosmetic raw materials, herbal medicines, and antioxidant products. Although it uses more energy, this technique is efficient and continuous. Modern innovations such as combining it with Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) or environmentally friendly microextraction are expected to increase extraction efficiency while reducing the use of organic solvents. Modifications to Soxhlet, including automation and assistive technologies such as high pressure, ultrasound, and microwaves, open up opportunities for commercialization and further research with more optimal results and more practical operations. The modified Soxhlet is considered a “panacea” in extraction due to the significant performance improvements achieved.

Waktu tunggu pelayanan resep obat merupakan salah satu hal penting dalam pelayanan kefarmasian di puskesmas. Waktu menunggu dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan pasien ketika mendapatkan pelayanan, sehingga berdampak pada kualitas pelayanan di puskesmas. Tujuan dari penyusunan artikel ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran terkait informasi pelayanan waktu tunggu resep obat racik dan non racik yang ada di puskesmas. Pencarian artikel ini mencakup berbagai publikasi mengenai waktu tunggu resep di puskesmas melalui Google Scholar dengan metode Boolean Operator (AND, OR) Kriteria inklusi dalam pencarian artikel yang relevan terdiri dari artikel yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2016-2026 dan tersedia dalam teks lengkap gratis. Hasil seleksi artikel yang dilakukan, diperoleh 9 artikel jurnal yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Berdasarkan 9 artikel tersebut, sebanyak 3 artikel menunjukkan bahwa waktu tunggu pelayanan resep obat racik atau non racik sudah sesuai standar, dan sebanyak 6 artikel menyatakan masih terdapat waktu tunggu pelayanan resep obat racik atau non racik yang belum sesuai standar berdasarkan Permenkes atau puskesmas terkait.

Perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi telah mendorong transformasi pelayanan kesehatan, termasuk di bidang kefarmasian. Salah satu inovasi yang berkembang adalah telefarmasi, yaitu pelayanan kefarmasian jarak jauh yang memanfaatkan teknologi digital untuk menjembatani interaksi antara apoteker dan pasien. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persepsi apoteker terhadap implementasi telefarmasi melalui pendekatan tinjauan literatur. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap 10 artikel yang diperoleh dari basis data ilmiah seperti PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect dalam lima tahun terakhir. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas apoteker memiliki persepsi positif terhadap telefarmasi, terutama dalam aspek efisiensi waktu dan biaya, peningkatan akses dan kepatuhan pasien, serta solusi atas kekurangan tenaga apoteker. Namun, ditemukan pula persepsi negatif seperti beban kerja yang meningkat, risiko kesalahan akibat keterbatasan kontak fisik, dan kendala teknis. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya dukungan infrastruktur, pelatihan tenaga kesehatan, serta literasi digital pasien untuk memastikan keberhasilan implementasi telefarmasi secara berkelanjutan.

Artikel ini menganalisis krisis moral yang dihadapi oleh raja-raja dalam Kitab 2 Tawarikh serta implikasinya terhadap etika kepemimpinan dan pemerintahan kontemporer. Dengan menggali pelajaran dari sejarah, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana pemimpin modern dapat menghindari kesalahan yang sama dan membangun pemerintahan yang lebih etis dan bertanggung jawab. Metodologi yang digunakan meliputi analisis hermeneutik dan kajian literatur, dengan fokus pada teks-teks skriptural dan konteks sejarahnya. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kegagalan moral sering kali berasal dari ketidakcocokan antara cita-cita kepemimpinan dan pemerintahan yang praktis, menekankan pentingnya integritas dan akuntabilitas dalam kepemimpinan. Studi ini memberikan kontribusi pada diskursus tentang pemerintahan etis dengan menarik paralel antara teks kuno dan tantangan kepemimpinan saat ini.

This study critically examines the halal product certification process conducted by the Indonesian Council of Ulama (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) of South Sulawesi from the perspective of maslahah (public interest). The research is grounded in the urgent need to protect Muslim consumers, particularly in light of the growing consumption of both local and imported products that often lack clear halal status. While numerous studies have explored halal certification at the national level, there remains a significant gap in examining the regional dynamics and implementation of MUI fatwas, especially in South Sulawesi. This study aims to analyze the approaches employed by MUI South Sulawesi in determining halal certification and assess the extent to which maslahah serves as the guiding principle in their process. The research adopts a field research methodology with a descriptive qualitative approach and uses ushuliyyah (Islamic legal methodology) as its analytical framework. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that MUI South Sulawesi consistently upholds the principles of Islamic law in the halal certification process, emphasizing critical ingredients, production processes, and the cleanliness of facilities. Although the use of additives such as coloring and preservatives is permitted, it is contingent upon their halal status and freedom from impurities (najis). This approach reflects a moderate application of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, demonstrating adaptability to industrial developments while maintaining a cautious and principled stance. The study underscores the importance of transparency and education for business actors, and recommends further research focusing on post-certification supervision or comparative studies across regions. These findings offer valuable contributions to strengthening Indonesia’s halal assurance system based on the principles of public welfare.

Advances in technology and research in the field of pharmacy have driven innovation in drug formulation and administration methods to improve the effectiveness and safety of therapy. One of the most widely developed dosage forms is suspension injections, which are sterile preparations containing particles of active ingredients that are insoluble in the carrier fluid. This study aims to review the effects of various administration routes, such as intra-articular, intramuscular, and subcutaneous, on the efficacy and safety of suspension injections. The method used is a literature study analyzing various scientific journals from databases published in the last ten years. The results of the review show that the route of administration has a significant effect on the therapeutic effect, where the intra-articular route provides a strong local effect with low systemic risk, the intramuscular route produces long-term effects and is relatively easy to perform, while the subcutaneous route provides stable drug release over a long period of time. Overall, the choice of injection route for suspension injections should be tailored to the characteristics of the drug, the patient's condition, and the therapeutic goals to achieve optimal, safe, and comfortable treatment outcomes for the patient.

This study aims to analyze and prove the influence of Product Quality, Price Perception, Brand Trust, and Informal Communication between Consumers that takes place through Digital Media on Purchase Decisions for Glad to Glow skincare products among Shopee application users in Surabaya. This study uses a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to respondents who meet the research criteria. Data analysis techniques used include Descriptive Tests, Instrument Tests, Classical Assumption Tests, and Hypothesis Tests through Multiple Linear Regression with the help of SPSS 26. This study was conducted in 2025. The results of the study indicate that all indicators in the research instrument are declared valid and reliable. Based on the Multiple Linear Regression Test, the variables of Price Perception and Informal Communication between Consumers that take place through Digital Media have a more dominant influence on Purchase Decisions, while Brand Trust shows the lowest and insignificant influence. The results of the T Test show that Product Quality, Price Perception, and Informal Communication between Consumers that take place through Digital Media have a significant influence on Purchase Decisions, while Brand Trust has no significant influence. The F Test confirms that simultaneously the four independent variables have a significant influence on Purchase Decisions. The results of the Coefficient of Determination (R²) test indicate that the independent variables are able to explain most of the variation in Purchase Decisions, while the remainder is influenced by other variables outside the study.

Perkembangan teknologi digital yang semakin pesat mendorong perubahan besar dalam dunia pendidikan, sehingga pembelajaran abad ke-21 tidak hanya menekankan pemahaman materi, tetapi juga menuntut penguatan empat kompetensi inti atau 4C, yaitu berpikir kritis, kreativitas, komunikasi, dan kolaborasi. Integrasi teknologi menjadi kebutuhan penting untuk menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang lebih interaktif, adaptif, dan berpusat pada peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis temuan dari sebelas artikel ilmiah yang membahas implementasi teknologi dalam mengembangkan keterampilan 4C pada pembelajaran modern. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menelaah fokus, desain, serta hasil penelitian dari setiap artikel, kemudian mengintegrasikannya melalui analisis tematik untuk memperoleh gambaran yang lebih menyeluruh. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai bentuk teknologi seperti platform pembelajaran digital, aplikasi mobile, media interaktif, kecerdasan buatan, serta perangkat kolaboratif mampu memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan peserta didik. Teknologi terbukti memperkuat kemampuan berpikir kritis melalui kegiatan analisis informasi dan pemecahan masalah berbasis digital; meningkatkan kreativitas melalui pembuatan konten multimedia dan eksplorasi ide; memperluas kemampuan komunikasi melalui diskusi virtual, presentasi digital, dan interaksi sinkron maupun asinkron; serta mendorong kolaborasi melalui proyek kelompok berbasis platform daring yang memudahkan koordinasi dan pembagian tugas. Secara keseluruhan, integrasi teknologi memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap pengembangan 4C, meskipun keberhasilannya tetap sangat dipengaruhi oleh kesiapan guru, dukungan sarana, serta desain pembelajaran yang tepat. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya peningkatan kompetensi digital pendidik dan penguatan lingkungan belajar berbasis teknologi agar keterampilan 4C dapat dioptimalkan dalam pembelajaran abad 21. Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Abad 21; Keterampilan 4C; Integrasi Teknologi; Pembelajaran Modern; Literasi Digital

This study aims to examine the influence of tax knowledge, taxpayer awareness, and reward incentives on individual taxpayer compliance in paying Land and Building Tax (PBB) in the city of Surakarta. The data used in this research are primary data obtained through questionnaires distributed to PBB taxpayers in Surakarta using a purposive sampling technique. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed using a Likert scale, and after a validation and screening process, 100 questionnaires were deemed valid and eligible for data analysis. The data were analyzed using the multiple linear regression method. The results indicate that tax knowledge and taxpayer awareness have a significant effect on individual taxpayer compliance in paying PBB, while reward incentives do not have a significant effect on compliance. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing taxpayers' understanding and awareness to improve compliance with local tax obligations.

Deteksi nyeri secara objektif merupakan tantangan penting dalam dunia medis, terutama bagi pasien yang tidak mampu menyampaikan rasa sakitnya secara verbal, seperti bayi, lansia, atau penderita gangguan komunikasi. Teknologi non- invasif berbasis sensor menjadi solusi potensial untuk mengatasi keterbatasan metode subjektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan meninjau secara sistematis literatur terkini mengenai penerapan Radar MIMO dan algoritma kecerdasan buatan dalam deteksi nyeri non-invasif. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pedoman PRISMA 2020, melalui penelusuran basis data IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, dan SpringerLink untuk periode 2021– 2025. Dari hasil seleksi diperoleh 17 artikel inklusi yang mencakup penggunaan Radar MIMO, UNBC-McMaster, BioVid, Medical Imaging (CT/MRI), Radar SISO, serta studi review, survey, bibliometrik, dan teoretis. Dari sisi algoritma, CNN dan SVM menjadi pendekatan paling dominan, diikuti Neural Network dan metode lain, dengan tren yang mengarah pada penggunaan multimodal untuk meningkatkan akurasi. Hasil penilaian kualitas dengan GRADE menunjukkan mayoritas studi berkualitas sedang, dengan keterbatasan utama pada ukuran sampel kecil, pelabelan nyeri yang belum konsisten, bias populasi, serta kurangnya validasi klinis nyata. Kesimpulannya, Radar MIMO dan algoritma deep learning memiliki potensi besar untuk deteksi nyeri non-invasif. Namun, penelitian lanjutan perlu difokuskan pada pembangunan dataset yang lebih inklusif, standarisasi pelabelan nyeri, serta pengujian dalam konteks klinis, dengan memperhatikan aspek etika dan privasi agar teknologi ini dapat diimplementasikan secara luas dalam layanan kesehatan.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the number of reviews, online review ratings, and price on the purchasing decisions of Maybelline cosmetic products on the Lazada marketplace, using a case study of consumers in Wringinanom. The rapid development of digital technology has transformed consumer behavior in online shopping, where customer reviews and ratings have become essential considerations before making a purchase. Additionally, price plays a crucial role in influencing final purchase decisions. This research uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research type. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 96 respondents who had purchased Maybelline products on Lazada. The data analysis techniques used include validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and the coefficient of determination, processed with SPSS version 25. The results indicate that partially, the number of reviews, online review ratings, and price significantly influence purchasing decisions. Simultaneously, all three variables have a significant impact on purchasing decisions for Maybelline products on the Lazada marketplace. These findings provide important implications for online businesses to pay closer attention to customer reviews and pricing strategies to better influence consumer purchase behavior.

Employee welfare is an important element in the success and sustainability of an organization. This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership style, communication, and organizational culture on employee welfare at PT Bintang Teknik Nyata Sukodono, Sidoarjo. Leadership style emphasizes the leader's ability to create a clear and strategic vision of the future to empower employees. Communication in an organization includes the effectiveness of information delivery, openness, and two-way communication between leaders and employees. Meanwhile, organizational culture includes shared values, behavioral norms, and adaptation to change that shape interaction patterns within the organization. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, involving all employees of PT Bintang Teknik Nyata as respondents. Data were collected through a questionnaire designed to measure indicators of leadership style, communication, organizational culture, and employee welfare. The analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression to identify the partial and simultaneous effects of independent variables on employee welfareThis study is expected to provide theoretical and practical insights. Theoretically, the results of this study contribute to the development of human resource management science, especially related to leadership style, communication, and organizational culture. Practically, this study can be a reference for PT Bintang Teknik Nyata in formulating strategies to improve employee welfare through leadership optimization, communication improvement, and the formation of a supportive organizational culture.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of production, exports and investment on the GDP of the Manufacturing Sector in Indonesia. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with time series data 2017-2024, the data used is secondary data taken by GAIKINDO (Association of Indonesian Automotive Industries) and the National Statistics Agency with multiple linear regression analysis techniques interpreted using Eviews 13. The results of the T-test study on the production, export and investment variables have no significant effect. However, the results of the F-test of the production, export and investment variables have a simultaneous effect on the GDP of the Indonesian Manufacturing Sector. From the results of the determinant test (R2) the independent variable is 85%, while the remaining 15% is influenced by other variables from this study.

This study aims to analyze the influence of vocational education in vocational high schools, the number of educators, and the number of educational units on economic growth, particularly in vocational education in vocational high schools in districts or cities in East Java that have participated in education in both the formal and informal sectors in 38 districts or cities in East Java from 2019 to 2023. The research method used is a quantitative approach with data collection through secondary written sources or existing documents from relevant agencies, such as the Directorate General of Early Childhood Education, Basic and Secondary Education, the Central Statistics Agency of East Java Province, and the Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education. The dependent and independent variables were collected from thirty-eight districts and cities in East Java Province during the period 2019–2023. The analysis results indicate that Vocational Education has a significant impact on Economic Growth, with a significance value of 0.000 and a calculated t-value of 1.463392. Additionally, the Number of Educators shows a significant influence on Economic Growth, with a significance value of 0.000 and a calculated t-value of 7.710562. Furthermore, the number of educational institutions has a significant influence on economic growth, with a significance value of 0.000 and a t-value of 6.596880. The coefficient of determination (R²) indicates that 71.28% of the variation in economic growth can be explained by these three independent variables. This study concludes that both Vocational Education at SMK, the Number of Educators, and the Number of Educational Units play a significant role in influencing Economic Growth across all Vocational Education at SMK in the districts or cities of East Java.

Batu City, as a major tourist destination, has experienced rapid growth in tourism infrastructure development, leading to the conversion of agricultural land and green open spaces into commercial areas. Using a case study methodology and a qualitative approach, this study gathers data in many sub-districts through documentation, in-depth interviews, and observation, including Sidomulyo, Songgokerto, and Oro-Oro Ombo. The findings indicate that the decline in Green Open Space (GOS) has negatively impacted environmental quality (such as rising temperatures and increased flood risk), disrupted the livelihoods of agricultural communities, and caused economic disparities due to the dominance of the tourism service sector. While tourism contributes to regional income, without sustainable environmental management, the long-term economic potential may decline. Therefore, a tourism development strategy that balances economic growth with environmental preservation is essential.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran guru sebagai subjek pendidikan dalam perspektif tafsir tarbawi berdasarkan Q.S. Al-Kahfi ayat 66-67 serta relevansinya bagi pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). Kisah dialog antara Nabi Musa dan Nabi Khidir merepresentasikan relasi edukatif antara murid dan guru yang dilandasi adab, kesabaran, kerendahan hati, dan keteladanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan. Sumber data diperoleh dari Al-Qur’an, kitab tafsir tarbawi, serta buku dan artikel jurnal pendidikan islam yang terbit dalam lima tahun terakhir. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik Analisis tematik menggunakan pendekatan tafsir tarbawi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa guru perspektif Al-Qur‟an tidak hanya berperan sebagai penyampai ilmu, tetapi juga sebagai pembimbing moral dan spiritual peserta didik. Nilai-nilai pendidikan dalam Q.S Al-Kahfi ayat 66-67 memiliki relevansi yang kuat untuk diterapkan dalam pendidikan MI, khususnya dalam penguatan adab belajar dan pembentukan karakter Islami peserta didik.

Perkembangan anak merupakan aspek fundamental dalam pendidikan Islam yang memandang anak sebagai makhluk biologis, psikologis, dan spiritual yang membawa fitrah sejak lahir. Fitrah dipahami sebagai potensi bawaan yang mengarah pada tauhid dan nilai-nilai kebaikan, sehingga pemahaman terhadap fitrah dan tahapan perkembangan anak menjadi dasar penting dalam perancangan pembelajaran yang efektif dan bermakna. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji konsep fitrah anak serta relevansinya dengan proses perkembangan dan pembelajaran dalam perspektif Islam, sekaligus mengidentifikasi pandangan psikologi pendidikan Islam terhadap tahapan perkembangan anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menelaah buku ilmiah dan artikel jurnal akademik dari basis data terpercaya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa fitrah anak menjadi landasan utama perkembangan dan pembelajaran yang mencakup dimensi spiritual, moral, intelektual, emosional, dan sosial. Psikologi pendidikan Islam memandang perkembangan anak sebagai proses bertahap dan holistik melalui integrasi aspek jasmani, akal, dan rohani dengan prinsip tarbiyah yang gradual dan kontekstual. Pembelajaran menempatkan anak sebagai subjek aktif, berorientasi pada pembentukan karakter dan kesadaran spiritual selain capaian kognitif. Dengan demikian, psikologi pendidikan Islam menawarkan paradigma pendidikan holistik yang relevan dalam mengembangkan potensi anak menuju insan kamil.

This study aims to determine the implementation and challenges  of the Promblem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and contextual approach to students. So, by knowing the results of the implementation, it is hoped that teachers can improve the way to teach students better. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with interviews via chat via whatsapp and provides google from to be filled in by Yuselvin Beo Wesso as a PPG student who teaches at SMP Negeri 6 Banjarmasin grade 8. She was chosen because she was a student of the Teacher Professional Program and also directly taught at school. The results obtained are the advantages and disadvantages of this model and approach. The advantage of this model is that it helps students to hone critical thinking skills through problem solving that can build students' connectivity with learning. The shortcoming faced in its application is that students find it difficult if they are directly asked for problem-solving discussions. In addition, the challenge faced is that teachers must be able to design learning that varies with the context of problem-solving and not all students can construct their experiences into written text. Therefore, efforts are made by applying the jigsaw method. The result of the application of this model and approach is that the students are quite good. Students can work together to complete assignments and be able to bring up topics relevant to daily life.

Kecemasan akademik adalah isu yang meluas dalam pendidikan tinggi yang secara signifikan mengganggu kinerja dan kesejahteraan mahasiswa. Artikel ini mengembangkan model konseptual Komunikasi Intrapersonal Islami yang didasarkan pada prinsip Tawakkal (berserah diri kepada Tuhan) sebagai mekanisme untuk mereduksi kecemasan akademik. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan literatur, studi ini mensintesis teori psikologi komunikasi intrapersonal (dialog diri dan restrukturisasi kognitif) dengan konsep teologis Islam tentang usaha (ikhtiar) dan penyerahan (tawakkal). Temuan ini mengusulkan Model Tiga Fase: 1) Fase Pra-Aksi (Ikhtiar), di mana komunikasi intrapersonal berfokus pada motivasi proaktif; 2) Fase Tengah-Aksi (Pembingkaian Ulang Kognitif Spiritual), di mana pikiran cemas negatif ditantang dan diinterpretasikan ulang menggunakan narasi spesifik Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah (misalnya, Laa yukallifullaahu nafsan illaa wus’ahaa); dan 3) Fase Pasca-Aksi (Tawakkal), di mana dialog diri beralih ke penerimaan total atas hasil yang telah ditentukan, sehingga melarutkan kecemasan sisa. Model ini berhipotesis bahwa Tawakkal berfungsi sebagai mekanisme stabilisasi inti, yang menyediakan jangkar kognitif akhir yang mengurangi ketidakpastian hasil yang dirasakan. Kerangka konseptual ini menawarkan sudut pandang teoritis yang orisinal untuk mengembangkan intervensi konseling berbasis agama guna menumbuhkan ketahanan akademik pada mahasiswa Muslim.