Publication Search

Advertising is a crucial element in marketing strategies aimed at attracting consumer attention and influencing purchasing decisions. The rapid development of Indonesia's advertising industry, driven by increasing media consumption, has brought about ethical and regulatory challenges. This study examines the ethical violations in the Garnier Micellar Water television advertisement in 2023, which claimed to be the "No 1 Micellar Water in Indonesia" without sufficient evidence, violating the Indonesian Advertising Code of Ethics (EPI). Using a qualitative descriptive method, the research analyzes the content of the advertisement and interviews with advertising experts. Findings reveal that the claim was misleading, lacking valid data support, and driven by commercial pressures and insufficient ethical awareness. Recommendations include stricter enforcement of advertising ethics, enhanced awareness programs, and collaborative efforts among advertising industry stakeholders to uphold honesty and responsibility in advertising practices.

Generation Z (gen Z), is the term for the genartions born between 1997 and 2012, generally reperred two as “Gen Z” This generation emerged after the millennial generation and before the alpha generation. The danger oe Nafza for generation Z is very potential because this generation is prone to being influenced by the surrounding environment. So it is important for them to begiven useful knowledge ebout the dangers of Nafza and legal witnesses. Among the Nafza that this generation is boren with are those related to health and the future that influnces health.Community servis regarding Sosilaization to generation Z abouth dangers of Nafza for health and legal sanctions at the SRMS Halfway Hause, Medan City, White the aim of providing knowledge about the consecuences of drugs abuse for health and legal sanctions. As well as the community’s legal behavior patterens.The method of activity carried out in this community service is through lectures in interactive disscussions ti generations Z and the community, about haw to avoid the dangers of alcoholism and legal sanctions for narcotics abuse, in accordance whit Law Number 35 of 2009, Conserning Narcotics.

This research aims to analyze the effect of imposing sanctions on perpetrators of the crime of child sexual intercourse in decision number 4/pid.sus-anak/2022/PN.Lbo. This research is normative research by dissecting problems related to rules or norms, principles and regulations as well as court decisions, and analyzed descriptively. The research results show the factors that influence the judge in handing down decision number 4/Pid.Sus-Anak/2022/PN.Lbo regarding the crime of child sexual intercourse, seen from both juridical and non-juridical aspects, which pay attention to the charges given by the public prosecutor, the facts of the trial and is based on two valid pieces of evidence, namely the testimony of the witness and the defendant. Non-juridical considerations are that the perpetrator admits his actions and mistakes, promises not to repeat them; the perpetrator has never been convicted and makes a statement that he will be responsible for what he did; and act kindly and politely during the trial. Therefore, judges in examining sexual relations cases must be more proportional and prioritize conscience, especially in terms of providing protection to victims, considering the long-lasting effects on the future of children and the nation. Parents are expected to increase supervision and vigilance towards their children, especially girls so that they do not become victims of criminal acts. Apart from that, society and the government are expected to maximize the role and function of protecting children as the next generation

Peran lingkungan sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia maka selayaknya bangsa Indonesia wajib mengelola, memanfaatkan serta memelihara sumber daya alam termasuk lingkungan hidup didalamnya untuk memajukan kesejahteraan umum. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah sudah menyiapkan perangkat hukum terkhususnya hukum lingkungan guna menjerat para pencemar serta perusak lingkungan hidup pada upaya penegakan hukum lingkungan. Penelitian ini mempergunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif yang menganalisa peraturan perundang-undangan dengan studi pustaka dan dianalisis dengan bahan hukum bersifat deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwasanya pengaturan hukum lingkungan telah diatur dalam konstitusi maupun peraturan perundang-undangan berkaitan dengan lingkungan, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (UUPPLH). UUPPLH merupakan Undang-Undang payung ataupun "umbrella provision" dalam menangani kebijakan lingkungan di Indonesia, membutuhkan pengembangan lebih lanjut melalui regulasi lingkungan, baik yang bersifat sektoral ataupun penjabaran langsung dari ketentuan UUPPLH. Dengan berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja menjadi Undang-Undang (UU Ciptaker) yang merubah sebagian pasal di dalam UUPPLH, UU Ciptaker seharusnya mampu menjadi dasar serta landasan bagi pembentukan undang-undang  yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan hidup lainnya dan UU Ciptaker tidak mengubah terkait penegakan hukum lingkungan pada UUPPLH yang terdiri atas penegakan hukum lingkungan secara administratif, perdata, serta pidana. Namun, UU Ciptaker mengubah terkait sanksi yang diatur di dalam UUPPLH, salah satunya perubahan terkait sanksi administrasi ataupun sanksi pidana.

Exhibitionism is the behavior of showing body parts or vital organs to others to achieve sexual satisfaction. This is done to get sexual satisfaction by masturbating while imagining. Exhibitionism itself is included in the category of sexual preference disorder (paraphilia). This research aims to analyze whether the application of mental rehabilitation sanctions can be carried out against the perpetrators of exhibitionism. The type of research used is normative research which is based on applicable laws and regulations and analyzes problems from a case perspective. The results of the research obtained by the author in conducting research on the application of mental rehabilitation sanctions have the potential to reduce the level of recurrence of exhibitionism behavior. Mental rehabilitation programs that include psychological therapy, counseling, and social support can help offenders to understand the root causes of their behavior and develop strategies to overcome these tendencies.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan penanggulangan kekerasan seksual yang melindungi korban melalui putusan pengadilan, media sosial, dan kebijakan tanpa pemidanaan. Adanya putusan pengadilan dengan terdakwa Herry Wirawan dan Moch Subchi Azal Tsani pada tindak pidana kekerasan seksual menunjukkan putusan yang dapat dipersoalkan dari sudut perlindungan korban. Realitas ini berada pada kondisi masyarakat yang mengalami erosi moralitas, korban yang seharusnya memperoleh perlindungan dari putusan pengadilan justru sebaliknya. Kondisi ini menjadi materi pemberitaan media massa, apalagi terkait dengan korban kekersan seksual yang menderita fisik, mental, dan sosial. Adanya realita peradilan pidana seperti ini menarik ditengah keterbatasan hukum pidana melindungi korban, dan pada sisi yang lain ada sarana sanksi lain yang dapat digunakan untuk melindungi korban ke dalam kerangka pidana tambahan. Penelitian bersifat yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian hukum inkonkreto. Analisisnya berupa analisis deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan penanggulangan tindak pidana kekerasan seksual melalui putusan pengadilan tidak menunjukkan konsistensi pada perlindungan korban kekerasan. Pidana yang dijatuhkan mendekati tuntutan jaksa. Begitu pula pengenaan sanksi restitusi dengan nilai nominal yang tidak sama. Masih adanya putusan yang tidak mencakup restitusi menunjukkan lemahnya perlindungan bagi pemulihan korban, meskipun secara normatif pengenaan restitusi telah diatur. Pemberitaan media massa telah bermanfaat mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat tentang kekerasan seksual dan dampaknya bagi korban termasuk pengenaan sanksi pidana yang berat, pemulihan korban dan ancaman pencabutan ijin operasional. Merekonstruksi perlindungan korban kekerasan seksual melalui penguatan media massa termasuk media sosial, penerapan sanksi pidana yang membuat jera, pemulihan korban melalui restitusi dan kompensasi kebijakan sosial yang mewujudkan kesejahteraan korban dengan memulihkan hak-hak korban, penguatan kesehatan mental masyarakat melalui perilaku yang menjunjung tinggi moralitas, menguatkan evaluasi yang berbasis laporan masyarakat dan penerapan sanksi perdata dan adminstrasi sebagai pidana tambahan. Kata Kunci : Penanggulangan, Media, Kebijakan, kesehatan Mental, Restitusi  

Children are the nation's assets as the successors of the nation's founders to make the country a developed country. As the nation's successors, children must receive comprehensive and massive protection. In the Child Protection Law, it is stated that children need special protection in various situations. For children who are in conflict with the law, the State provides legitimacy in the hope of changing children's behavior and the involvement of many parties in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System or later known as the SPPA Law. The case taken by the author is a case where it is explained that a child in conflict with the law is a recidivist or has committed a repeat crime. Child recidivism is basically the same as recidivism in general, the difference is that the perpetrator here is a child. Repetition of criminal acts here means criminal acts committed by children, whether similar or dissimilar criminal acts, including criminal acts completed through diversion. It is explained that the case written is a case of repetition of criminal acts or recidivism committed by children of criminals. The legal process for the criminal act of abuse committed by Rui Vicente alias Aroni's child no longer takes the diversion route because the perpetrator's child is a recidivist. In this regard, child perpetrators are being processed in court by holding trials which are charged under Article 351 paragraph (1) of the Indonesian Criminal Code. UU no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System.

The seriousness of the Indonesian government in paying attention to the environment is manifested in the existence of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Management by regulating criminal liability for corporate legal subjects subject to criminal penalties. This is because many environmental crimes are committed by corporations and may also be carried out by corporate shareholders as policy controllers of a corporation. Against the background of environmental criminal acts which are often committed by corporations and even shareholders are also involved in these criminal acts, this article aims to provide an illustration that shareholders can also be given criminal sanctions. The method used in this research is normative juridical with a literature study approach. The results of this research explain that corporations that commit environmental crimes are clearly regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009 so that criminal sanctions can be given to provide deterrence to corporate perpetrators, but for corporate shareholders involved it is not yet explicitly regulated in Law Number 32 of 2009. 2009 because they have not adopted the Piercing the corporate veil doctrine and the alter ego doctrine as in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies in article 3 paragraph (2) which eliminates the immunity rights of shareholders so that they can be punished.

This research aims to determine and test the influence of tax sanctions, income level and tax socialization on taxpayer compliance with taxpayer awareness as an intervening variable. In this research, researchers examine the compliance of taxpayers who have a NPWP and are registered with KPP Pratama Gresik. The population of this research is individual taxpayers who have income in the Gresik Regency area. Sampling used purposive sampling with a sample size of 97 respondents. This research uses primary data in the form of questionnaire answers distributed to taxpayers. This research method is quantitative using SmartPLS as a testing tool. The results of the direct influence test show that tax sanctions and tax socialization have no effect on taxpayer compliance, while income level and taxpayer awareness have a significant positive effect on taxpayer compliance. Tax sanctions and income level have a significant positive effect on taxpayer awareness, while tax socialization has no effect on taxpayer awareness. The results of indirect hypothesis testing show that taxpayer awareness is able to mediate the effect of tax sanctions and income level on taxpayer compliance. Meanwhile, taxpayer awareness is unable to mediate the influence of tax socialization on taxpayer compliance.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and assess the impact of taxpayer comprehension, taxpayer awareness, and tax sanctions on compliance with MSME taxpayers in the city of Semarang. A qualitative technique was adopted for the research. Data gathering strategies included the distribution of questionnaires based on the study's criteria. Purposive sampling was utilized in this investigation. The study's findings indicate that Taxpayer Understanding, Taxpayer Awareness, and Tax Sanctions have a beneficial impact on MSME Taxpayer Compliance. It is desired that the Directorate General of Taxes would continue to improve the socialized of taxation among the general population, particularly MSME actors. This is done to promote taxpayers' comprehension and awareness of MSME actors' responsibilities to comply with applicable legislation.

Nominee agreement sebagai salah satu perkembangan hukum kontrak atau perjanjian di luar KUHPerdata merupakan suatu praktik yang sering terjadi Di Indonesia. Mengenai hak milik atas tanah terhadap Warga negara asing tidak diatur lengkap dalam UUPA.Tujuan penelitian: 1. Untuk mengetahui, menganalisis factor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya Pembatalan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli dengan Pembeli Warga Negara Asing serta 2. Pertimbangan Hukum bagi Hakim dalam memutus suatu perkara pada putusan Nomor489/PK/Pdt/2021 dan 3. Akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan tipe penelitian yuridis normatif. Spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analisis, sumber data sekunder dan metode analisis datanya kualitatif. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: 1. Faktor-Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya pembatalan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Dengan Pembeli Warga Negara Asing yaitu adanya wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh salah satu pihak dalam perjanjian. 2. Pertimbangan hukum bagi hakim dalam memutus suatu perkara pada Putusan Nomor 489 PK/Pdt/2021 yaitu menolak permohonan Peninjauan Kembali dari pemohon NICHOLAS JOHN HYAM dan menghukum pemohon untuk membayar biaya perkara dan 3. Akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan yaitu tanggung jawab secara perdata oleh Notaris yakni dengan tanggung gugat berupa ganti rugi yang didasarkan pada suatu hubungan hukum antara Notaris dengan penghadap. Notaris yang membuat perjanjian nominee yang akibatnya akta tersebut batal demi hukum Pasal 1320 KUHperdata, Sanksi terhadap pelanggaran kode etik yaitu dapat berupa: teguran, peringatan, pemecatan sementara, pemecatan dari keanggotaan dan pemberhentian dengan tidak hormat.

The Criminal Code is a body of laws that precisely governs how people behave in order to foster national development and alignment with state objectives, particularly for the Indonesian populace. One of the many tribes, nations, races, faiths, and civilizations that make up Indonesia is that it maintains the diversity of religious views among its citizens. There are believers of their own faiths in different parts of Indonesia, however the religions included in Presidential Determination Number 1 of 1965 are Islam, Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. The existence of Law Number 1 of 2023 is controversial because there is legal ambiguity regarding the form and basis of sanctions against perpetrators of religious blasphemy or beliefs. As a result, their rights have not yet been granted and there is no basis for legal regulations. The study's objective is to ascertain the criminal penalties that, under Law Number 1 of 2023, are meted out to those who commit acts of religious blasphemy as well as the legal foundations for those who do so. It is possible to determine the types of criminal penalties that are given to offenders of religious blasphemy under Law Number 1 of 2023 by using a normative juridical approach.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Bagaimana penerapan sanksi terhadap pelaku perniagaan penyu dalam perkara Nomor 27/Pid.B/LH/2023/PN lbo serta Bagaimana pertimbangan Hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana Terhadap pelaku tindak pidana perniagaan penyu. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian empiris. Metode penelitian ini memberikan gambaran mengenai fakta-fakta yang ada (empiris) serta analisis yang akurat mengenai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di hubungkan dengan teori-teori hukum dan praktik dari pelaksanaan aturan hukum yang ada. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Perdagangan Penyu Dalam Perkara Nomor 467/Pid.Sus/2014/PN.Pdg Pada putusan ini, USMAN NDIU sebagai terdakwa didakwa oleh Jaksa Penuntut Umum dipidana penjara selama 6 (enam) bulan dengan masa percobaan selama 1 (satu) tahun dan denda sebanyak Rp1.000,000 (satu juta rupiah) subsidair 1 (satu) bulan kurungan. Jaksa Penuntut Umum juga menuntut terdakwa untuk membayar biaya perkara sebesar Rp2.000,00 (dua ribu rupiah) serta Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Menjatuhkan Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Perdagang Penyu Pada Perkara Nomor 27/ Pid. B/LH/2023/PN.lbo dan Perkara Nomor 10/Pid.B/LH/2023/PN lbo Pertimbangan Hakim yang bersifat non yuridi Pertimbangan non yuridis adalah pertimbangan hakim yang didasarkan pada keadaan yang tidak diatur dalam aturan perundang-undangan, namun keadaan tersebut baik melekat pada diri pelaku tindak pidana maupun berkaitan dengan masalah-masalah sosial dan struktur masyarakat.

Dalam penerapan self assessment system, Pemerintah   memberikan kepercayaan kepada wajib pajak untuk menentukan sendiri jumlah pajak terutang  yang akan dibayarkan ke Kas Negara, namun kepercayaan dimaksud di lain pihak dapat juga memberikan peluang ketidakpatuhan.  Agar pelaksanaan pemungutan pajak  tidak hanya surplus kepercayaan tetapi  minus kepatuhan, maka terhadap otoritas perpajakan diberikan wewenang  untuk melakukan pemeriksaan pajak. Tetapi tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa hasil pemeriksaan pajak merupakan cikal bakal timbulnya sengketa pajak, yang dalam penyelesaiannya wajib pajak berhak mengajukan keberatan dan banding. Mengajukan keberatan dan banding merupakan hak wajib pajak yang dilindungi undang-undang,  namun  sangat disayangkan  ketika wajib pajak mencari kepastian hukum dan keadilan berdasarkan amanat undang-undang,  disaat yang sama justru mendapatkan ketidakpastian hukum dan ketidakadilan dalam bentuk sanksi denda akibat kekalahan sebagian atau seluruh tuntutannya dalam keberatan dan banding. Penerapan sanksi denda  baik dalam keberatan maupun banding telah menimbulkan antinomi yakni pertentangan antar  norma hukum dan  antar peraturan  yang berlaku, sebab sanksi denda dikenakan pada saat wajib pajak justru  melaksanakan amanat undang-undang dan tidak melakukan pelanggaran atas peraturan perpajakan yang berlaku.  Oleh karenanya permasalahan penelitian dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut: Pertama, mengapa penerapan sanksi denda akibat putusan keberatan dan banding dipandang bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum dan keadilan? Kedua, bagaimana seharusnya sistem pengaturan sanksi denda terhadap Wajib Pajak yang lebih memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum dan keadilan? Jenis penelitian tesis ini adalah penelitian doktrinal atau normatif. Pendekatan yang diterapkan adalah pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Sumber dan jenis data penelitian adalah data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan  sanksi denda dalam  penyelesaian sengketa pajak belum mencerminkan prinsip kepastian hukum dan keadilan yang meletakkan keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban antara fiskus dengan wajib pajak. Penyelesaian sengketa pajak belum memberikan jaminan perlindungan hukum terhadap wajib pajak. Penerapan sanksi denda  atas kekalahan sebagian atau seluruh  tuntutan dalam  keberatan dan banding  telah menimbulkan beberapa  konflik norma hukum  dan konflik antar beberapa peraturan perpajakan. Pengenaan sanksi denda pada umumnya ditujukan untuk menciptakan efek jera sehingga wajib pajak tidak mengulangi perbuatan yang sama di kemudian hari. Dalam konteks ini,  menciptakan efek jera bagi  wajib pajak untuk mencari keadilan dan kepastian hukum dapat dikategorikan sebagai upaya menghalang-halangi atau merintangi usaha wajib pajak  dalam mencari kepastian hukum dan keadilan melalui  keberatan dan banding, dan oleh karenanya sanksi denda  dimaksud sepatutnya  dihapuskan.

Along the times the number of crimes that occur in Indonesia is currently increasing. This crime is certainly caused by many factors whether it is from human’s self or from the rapid technology that shows the varied practices of crimes that community can imitating the pattern of crime which can be very cruel crimes such as murder accompanied by mutilation. Provisions murder or premeditated murder have been regulated in the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) in book II regarding Crimes articles 338-340, if the murder is premeditated murde then the perpetrator will be threatened with a maximum sanction of the death penalty.

This study aims to determine the effect of love of money (X1), Machiavellian (X2), tax rates (X3), understanding of taxation (X4) and self-assessment system (X5) on tax evasion (Y) and tax sanctions (Z) as moderating variable, for individual taxpayers who are active and registered at the Kediri Primary Tax Office in 2023. The analysis technique in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis with moderating variables (MRA). The sampling technique uses random sampling and determines the number of samples of 100 WPOP obtained from the calculation of the Slovin Formula. The results of the study show that love of money, Machiavellianism, tax rates, understanding of taxation and the self-assessment system have a positive and significant effect on tax evasion. The test results of the variable moderation of tax sanctions are able to weaken the Machiavellian influence, tax rates and understanding of taxation on tax evasion actions, while the role of moderation of tax sanctions in the influence of love of money and self assessment systems on tax evasion actions is able to strengthen.    

The purpose of writing this research is to find out the regulation of kasapekang sanctions and the implementation of kasepekang sanctions imposed on residents in Dewasana Traditional Village based on the perspective of Human Rights (HAM). The research that the researcher conducted was empirical research using a statutory approach, case approach, facts and comparisons. The results of the study show that the regulations that guarantee the existence of customary law communities are regulated according to Indonesian positive law in the 1945 Constitution article 18b paragraph 2 and also village awig-awig, especially the Dewasana Customary Village related to kasapekang sanctions are regulated in the village awig-awig in pawos 69. Kasepekang sanctions when viewed from a human rights perspective can lead to human rights violations because they are contrary to the formulations in the 1945 Constitution. For the implementation of kasepekang sanctions imposed on residents of Desa Adat Dewasana, it has been carried out in accordance with awig-awig pawos 69. In its implementation, the stage of imposing sanctions is considered quite mild, but it can also cause human rights violations.

Basically Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is manifested in the social role of a company or Limited Liability Company (PT) towards the company's internal environment, namely the welfare of its workers' lives. The existence of a level of welfare for workers is one way or strategy that can increase the participation of workers, motivation and loyalty of the workers. This problem is included in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and in addition to the Law Number 25 of 2007 concerning Investment (UUPM) Article 34, namely "companies that invest in are required to implement CSR" to create conditions that are harmonious, balanced and in accordance with the environment, norms, and culture, as well as the Law that regulates the Social Security System and which establishes the Employment Social Security Administering Agency as an institution that regulates all labor guarantees for all Indonesian people, namely BPJS employment. The purpose of this writing is; 1). Providing a form of CSR responsibility to the company for the welfare of the workers; 2). Implement sanctions given to companies if they do not carry out CSR responsibilities to employees. This method uses writing in the form of normative legal methods or in legal research literature from the results of a study, there is one main thing that can be concluded. Namely, there are several rules that regulate corporate social responsibility, there is a law on State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN), an investment law and a social security law. a requirement for CSR that has the potential to cause multiple interpretations in practice, because not all laws that have regulated and contain rules that are subject to sanctions in it.

Bandara Tjilik Riwut Palangka Raya merupakan bandara tempat dilaksanakan penelitian ini. Sisi udara merupakan bagian vital yang harus terus mendapatkan pengawasan untuk setiap pergerakan kendaraan yang beroperasi di sisi udara agar berjalan dengan lancar untuk meningkatkan keselamatan penerbangan. Pengawasan ini merupakan tugas dari petugas Apron Movement Control (AMC). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui unit Apron Movement Control dalam pengawasan pergerakan kendaraan di sisi udara, serta pelanggaran apa yang sering terjadi dan sanksi apa yang diberikan terhadap pelanggaran pengguna kendaraan di sisi udara, dan kendala yang pernah dihadapi dalam melakukan tugas pengawasan pergerakan kendaraan di sisi udara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dikarenakan peneliti melakukan observasi secara langsung. Dimana peneliti ini meneliti analisis peran unit Apron Movement Control Dalam Pengawasan Pergerakan Kendaraan Di Sisi Udara Untuk Meningkatkan Keselamatan Penerbangan Di Bandar Udara Tjilik Riwut Palangka Raya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara dengan tiga marasumber petugas Apron Movement Control dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa dalam melaksanakan tugas pengawasan terhadap pergerakan kendaraan di sisi udara untuk meningkatkan keselamatan penerbangan oleh petugas AMC sudah cukup baik, dengan mengikuti SOP yang sudah ditetapkan serta melakukan peneguran dan penindakan tegas bagi setiap pengguna kendaraan yang beroperasi di sisi udara yang melanggar aturan. Namun dalam hal ini tidak adanya CCTV yang mengarah langsung ke sisi udara sehingga dapat di pantau langsung dari ruangan AMC untuk melihat pergerakan kendaraan di sisi udara secara langsung masih menjadi kendala yang sampai saat ini masih dihadapi oleh petugas AMC.

This study aims to identify and analyze the causes and legal consequences of falsifying a health certificate or a Rapid Test Covid-19 letter. This research is included in descriptive empirical research with data collection carried out through document studies and interviews, and is supported by primary legal materials in the form of applicable regulations and related to forgery of rapid test letters, secondary materials of law books and also legal journals related to forgery of letters rapid test. The data collected through research was analyzed qualitatively by arranging existing sentences so that they were easy to understand. The results of this study indicate that the factors that cause rapid test letter falsification are economic factors, time factors, factors of someone who wants to pass to travel outside the region, factors of intention and opportunity. The application of sanctions for perpetrators of crimes in the form of document forgery is generally regulated in the Criminal Code in Article 263 paragraph (1), so that criminal sanctions for perpetrators of forgery of rapid test letters are punishable by a maximum penalty of 6 (six) years in prison.