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This study aims to analyze the dynamics of interest groups in the food vendor appointment process in Medan City, particularly those based on political proximity. Using a qualitative approach with library research method and content analysis technique, data were collected from official documents, government reports, accredited scientific journals, laws and regulations, and publications from institutions such as the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), the Government Procurement Policy Institute (LKPP), and the Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The analysis shows that the food vendor appointment process in Medan City is not entirely meritocratic. Political proximity and personal relationships play a dominant role as informal mechanisms in vendor selection. Procurement transparency remains limited, as reflected in the low public access to tender documents and vendor evaluations. This practice indicates systemic political patronage, which results in budget inefficiency, a decline in the quality of public services, and an erosion of public trust. This study recommends strengthening the electronic procurement system (e-procurement), increasing participatory oversight, and reforming the bureaucracy at the regional level.

This study aims to examine the effect of working capital efficiency and leverage on profitability and its implications for firm value in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2025 period. The post-COVID-19 pandemic condition has increased operational risks for manufacturing companies due to fluctuations in interest rates, exchange rates, cash management, inventories, and receivables. Therefore, companies are required to implement more effective financial strategies to maintain competitiveness. Profitability is positioned as an intervening variable because previous studies showed inconsistent results regarding the relationship between working capital efficiency, leverage, profitability, and firm value. This research uses a quantitative approach with path analysis to examine direct and indirect relationships among variables. The population consists of all manufacturing companies listed on the IDX, while the sample includes 45 companies selected from 270 firms using purposive sampling based on specific criteria, such as consistent listing and financial performance. The results indicate that working capital efficiency has a significant positive effect on profitability, leverage has a significant negative effect on profitability, profitability significantly increases firm value, and profitability fully mediates the effect of working capital efficiency and leverage on firm value. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications for managers and investors in financial decision-making.

This study aims to describe the dynamics of students’ social relationships using sociometric techniques within the context of guidance and counseling services. Social relationships are an essential aspect of individual development, particularly for guidance and counseling students who are expected to possess strong interpersonal skills as future counselors. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a sociometric questionnaire covering aspects of collaborative learning, group work, understanding difficult materials, and emotional support. The participants consisted of 21 students from the Guidance and Counseling study program, selected using a total sampling technique. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution of peer selection and presented in the form of a sociometric matrix and sociogram to facilitate the interpretation of social interaction patterns within the group. The findings revealed that social relationships were not evenly distributed but tended to be concentrated on certain individuals. Some students demonstrated high levels of selection, indicating their role as central figures in both academic and emotional interactions, while others showed low levels of selection, suggesting potential social isolation. These findings indicate that group dynamics are influenced by social skills, academic competence, and individual empathy. Therefore, guidance and counseling services play a crucial role in improving the quality of students’ social interactions through appropriate interventions, such as group guidance and social skills training. This study is expected to serve as a foundation for developing more effective and inclusive guidance and counseling services.

Immigrant children often face challenges in adjusting and adapting to new environments. This study analyses the adaptation process of the main character, Unhei, as an Asian American immigrant child in Yangsook Choi’s picture book The Name Jar. This study examines the challenges Unhei faces in The Name Jar as she attempts to adapt and maintain her identity in a new environment in America, including language barriers, cultural differences, and social interactions with peers. This study employs a qualitative method using text and illustration analysis based on the adaptation theory proposed by Lamme et al. (2004), which consists of three stages: making transitions, making connections, and becoming American. The findings show that Unhei experiences various challenges in adapting to her new environment, including language barriers, cultural differences, and difficulties in social interaction. Unhei undergoes three stages of adaptation; making transitions, making connections, and becoming American. In the making transitions stage, Unhei experiences confusion, insecurity, and difficulty adjusting to a new cultural and social environment. In the making connections stage, she maintains connections with her Korean identity through her family, language, traditional objects, and Korean food while gradually building relationships in her new environment. In the becoming American stage, Unhei begins to adapt to American society and develops confidence in accepting her Korean identity without abandoning her cultural background. Furthermore, Unhei’s experience reflects that adaptation does not always occur smoothly, but involves a process of self-negotiation in dealing with cultural differences. The adaptation process is dynamic and influenced by both internal and external factors, and positive social interactions can help accelerate successful adaptation in a new environment.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parenting styles on the development of social skills in early adolescence. The method used was a literature review. Researchers reviewed and synthesized the results of relevant previous studies, sourced from scientific journals and credible digital databases. The analysis results show a consistent relationship between the type of parenting style and the quality of social skills. Democratic parenting has been shown to make a significant positive contribution to communication skills, empathy, cooperation, emotional control, and adjustment in social environments. Adolescents raised with this parenting style tend to have better self-confidence and are able to build healthy social interactions at school and in the community. Conversely, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles tend to have less beneficial impacts. This is characterized by the emergence of social anxiety, low initiative, difficulty adhering to social norms, and limitations in establishing interpersonal relationships. These findings emphasize the crucial role of parents in shaping the social competence of early adolescents. The study concludes that implementing a balanced, consistent, and communicative parenting style is a key factor in supporting the development of social skills. Collaboration between the family and the educational environment needs to be strengthened.

Bullying among adolescents is an aggressive behavior carried out intentionally, repeatedly, and involving an imbalance of power between the perpetrator and the victim. This phenomenon is an important issue because it can affect adolescents’ psychological well-being, social relationships, and academic achievement in both the short and long term. This study uses a literature review method by collecting and analyzing recent national and international studies regarding the causes, forms, and impacts of bullying. The findings indicate that bullying is influenced by internal factors, such as low empathy, poor self-control, negative self-concept, and the desire for social recognition. In addition, external factors also contribute, including parenting styles, peer influence, unfavorable school climate, and the development of social media that increases the risk of cyberbullying. The impacts of bullying are experienced not only by victims, who may suffer from low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal, but also by perpetrators, who are at risk of developing persistent aggressive behavior and reduced empathy. Therefore, cooperation among families, schools, and communities is needed to prevent and address bullying effectively.

This study examines the politeness strategies used in interactions among sisters in Louisa May Alcott’s novel Little Women. Using Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory as an analytical framework, this study identifies and classifies the forms of politeness strategies that emerge in the conversations of the four main characters: Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy March. The research data consists of dialogic utterances purposively selected from the novel’s text. The results indicate that all four politeness strategies on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record are present in the interactions among the sisters, with positive politeness being the most dominant. The dominance of this strategy reflects the closeness of their relationship, solidarity, and mutual respect among the characters. Additionally, the choice of politeness strategies is also influenced by factors such as social distance, age differences, and situational context. This study contributes to the understanding of language use in a literary context, particularly in depicting the dynamics of family relationships through character interactions.

Travertine is a non-marine carbonate rock precipitated from calcium- and bicarbonate-rich waters, commonly associated with hot springs, streams, and lakes in tectonically active regions. This study presents a systematic literature review of travertine deposit characteristics, encompassing mineralogical composition, geochemical signatures, petrographic textures, morphological types, isotopic properties, biotic–abiotic controls on formation, early diagenesis, and petrophysical implications. The synthesis indicates that travertine is predominantly composed of calcite, with aragonite forming under conditions of elevated temperature, high Mg/Ca ratios, and rapid CO₂ degassing. Travertines display exceptional textural diversity, ranging from abiotic crystalline crusts to microbially mediated fabrics such as shrub, peloidal, and stromatolitic structures. Major morphologies include fissure ridges, mounds, terraces, cascades, and slopes, strongly governed by tectonic setting, topography, hydrology, and substrate geology. Stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O), strontium isotopes, trace elements, and REE patterns effectively constrain fluid provenance and distinguish thermogene from meteogene travertines. Microbial activity plays a crucial role in biomineralization, influencing precipitation rates, crystal morphology, and lamination patterns. Early diagenetic processes occurring during active deposition may significantly modify primary fabrics and geochemical signals. Travertine petrophysical properties exhibit distinctive porosity–velocity relationships, making them valuable analogues for subsurface carbonate reservoirs. This review highlights that travertines record complex interactions among physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes and hold significant value for paleoenvironmental reconstruction and carbonate reservoir studies.

Online gambling has become an important phenomenon in today's society, influencing various aspects of social and cultural life. This research aims to explore the impact of online gambling on the formation of global identity and the changes occurring within modern society. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through interviews with five students in Tanjung Pinang. The findings indicate that online gambling not only alters the way people interact but also leads to shifts in social values, evident in the rise of consumerist and individualistic culture. While there are negative effects, such as addiction and a decline in the quality of social relationships, online gambling also presents opportunities in the digital economy. This study recommends the need for better regulation and educational programs to raise public awareness about the risks associated with online gambling, as well as to leverage its potential benefits. Thus, this research is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the role of online gambling in shaping global identity and the dynamics of modern society.

Stunting is a major indicator of chronic nutritional problems that affect children’s growth and development. In Indonesia, stunting prevalence remains high and is a national public health concern. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between socio-demographic factors and stunting incidence among toddlers in the working area of the Tanoh Alas Health Center, Southeast Aceh Regency, in 2025. This study used an analytical quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 93 mothers with children under five selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets from June 19 to July 3, 2025. Statistical analyses included Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression tests. The results showed that 33.3% of children were stunted, 34.4% had poor access to health services, and 68.8% lived in unhealthy housing conditions. Bivariate analysis indicated significant relationships between maternal age (p = 0.007), maternal education (p = 0.012), maternal occupation (p = 0.002), access to health services (p = 0.001), family income (p = 0.032), and healthy housing conditions (p = 0.007) with stunting incidence. Multivariate analysis revealed that access to health services was the strongest factor associated with stunting (p = 0.010; OR = 4.294; 95% CI: 1.411–13.06). Children with limited access to health services were 4.3 times more likely to experience stunting. The study recommends improving the accessibility and quality of maternal and child health services and strengthening multisectoral interventions and health education programs to prevent stunting.

Stunting is a major indicator of chronic nutritional problems that affect children’s growth and development. In Indonesia, stunting prevalence remains high and is a national public health concern. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between socio-demographic factors and stunting incidence among toddlers in the working area of the Tanoh Alas Health Center, Southeast Aceh Regency, in 2025. This study used an analytical quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 93 mothers with children under five selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation sheets from June 19 to July 3, 2025. Statistical analyses included Chi-Square and multiple logistic regression tests. The results showed that 33.3% of children were stunted, 34.4% had poor access to health services, and 68.8% lived in unhealthy housing conditions. Bivariate analysis indicated significant relationships between maternal age (p = 0.007), maternal education (p = 0.012), maternal occupation (p = 0.002), access to health services (p = 0.001), family income (p = 0.032), and healthy housing conditions (p = 0.007) with stunting incidence. Multivariate analysis revealed that access to health services was the strongest factor associated with stunting (p = 0.010; OR = 4.294; 95% CI: 1.411–13.06). Children with limited access to health services were 4.3 times more likely to experience stunting. The study recommends improving the accessibility and quality of maternal and child health services and strengthening multisectoral interventions and health education programs to prevent stunting.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global and national health issue. Sijunjung Regency has seen an increase in TB cases, with fluctuating treatment success rates. Medication adherence is a key factor in treatment success and is influenced by the quality of health care services. This study aims to analyze the quality of services regarding medication adherence among TB patients, explore patients’ perceptions, describe service factors influencing adherence, and understand the role of health workers from the patients’ perspective at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) throughout Sijunjung District. This study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The primary informants consisted of 8 TB patients, plus key informants (2 healthcare workers) and additional informants (2 family members). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. Analysis utilized the Miles & Huberman model.Research results on the quality of healthcare services are related to the level of medication adherence in tuberculosis patients. The dimensions that contribute most to adherence are empathy, assurance, and responsiveness. Positive perceptions are seen in aspects of interpersonal relationships (friendliness, patience, effective communication) and logistical reliability (drug availability), while negative perceptions are related to the lack of privacy in waiting rooms, long administrative waiting times, and inflexible service hours for informal workers. Health service factors that influence adherence include continuous education and information, active supervision and monitoring, ease of service access, and support from healthcare workers. The role of healthcare workers in supporting patient adherence, according to the patient's perspective, is as educators and motivators.Based on this study, high-quality care particularly empathy, assurance, and responsiveness is crucial for patient adherence. Improvements to physical facilities and greater flexibility in service hours are needed.  

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global and national health issue. Sijunjung Regency has seen an increase in TB cases, with fluctuating treatment success rates. Medication adherence is a key factor in treatment success and is influenced by the quality of health care services. This study aims to analyze the quality of services regarding medication adherence among TB patients, explore patients’ perceptions, describe service factors influencing adherence, and understand the role of health workers from the patients’ perspective at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) throughout Sijunjung District. This study employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design. The primary informants consisted of 8 TB patients, plus key informants (2 healthcare workers) and additional informants (2 family members). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews. Analysis utilized the Miles & Huberman model.Research results on the quality of healthcare services are related to the level of medication adherence in tuberculosis patients. The dimensions that contribute most to adherence are empathy, assurance, and responsiveness. Positive perceptions are seen in aspects of interpersonal relationships (friendliness, patience, effective communication) and logistical reliability (drug availability), while negative perceptions are related to the lack of privacy in waiting rooms, long administrative waiting times, and inflexible service hours for informal workers. Health service factors that influence adherence include continuous education and information, active supervision and monitoring, ease of service access, and support from healthcare workers. The role of healthcare workers in supporting patient adherence, according to the patient's perspective, is as educators and motivators.Based on this study, high-quality care particularly empathy, assurance, and responsiveness is crucial for patient adherence. Improvements to physical facilities and greater flexibility in service hours are needed.  

This study aims to explore the subjective experiences of individuals in relationships with partners with Avoidant Personality Disorder (AvPD) tendencies through a qualitative approach. AvPD is characterized by a pattern of feelings of inadequacy, high sensitivity to rejection, and a tendency to avoid intense social interactions, including intimate relationships. The research method used a phenomenological design with in-depth interviews with three participants who had experience in romantic relationships with individuals with AvPD symptoms. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques to identify emerging patterns of experience. The results showed that individuals in these relationships often experience complex emotional dynamics, such as confusion, frustration, and feelings of emotional unfulfillment. Participants expressed difficulties in building emotional closeness because their partners tended to maintain distance, avoid conflict, and have an excessive fear of rejection. On the other hand, participants also showed high empathy and attempted to understand their partners' psychological conditions, although this often resulted in emotional exhaustion. This study highlights the importance of psychological understanding, effective communication, and professional support in maintaining relationships with individuals with AvPD tendencies. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of psychological interventions and increase awareness of the dynamics of interpersonal relationships involving personality disorders.

This study aims to examine the role of financial literacy, risk perception, and financial attitudes in influencing investment decisions of accounting students at private universities in Surakarta. A quantitative approach was applied by distributing online questionnaires to 88 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed using several statistical procedures, including validity and reliability testing, followed by classical assumption tests and multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationships between variables. The findings reveal that financial literacy does not play a significant role in shaping students’ investment decisions. In contrast, risk perception and financial attitude demonstrate a positive and significant influence. These results suggest that students tend to rely more on their understanding of potential risks and their financial behavior when making investment decisions, rather than solely on their level of financial knowledge

This study examines the strategic role of management psychology in enhancing educational institution quality through optimizing teacher performance. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach via library research—analyzing recent journals, books, and sources from 2021–2026—data were processed using content analysis techniques, encompassing systematic identification, categorization, and interpretation of prior findings to reveal patterns, relationships, and research gaps. Results indicate that psychological factors such as work motivation, mental well-being, supportive leadership, and conducive work climate significantly shape teachers' behaviors and performance, fostering effective and sustainable learning environments. Integrating management psychology principles proves essential for holistic human resource management in education, offering practical implications for school leaders' policies to build high-quality educational systems. In addition, the study emphasizes that consistent professional development and emotional support systems for teachers further strengthen institutional effectiveness and improve instructional outcomes. Therefore, management psychology serves as a fundamental framework in aligning organizational goals with teacher well-being and performance enhancement in educational settings.

Street vendors play an essential role in urban informal economies by fulfilling community needs and supporting local economic activity. This study analyzes the role of business ethics in building consumer trust among street vendors in Dumai, Indonesia. A qualitative descriptive method was applied using interviews, observation, and documentation involving three vendors and two consumers. Findings indicate that ethical practices such as honesty in transactions, responsibility for product quality, friendly service, and cleanliness of business premises improve consumer comfort and perceived safety. These conditions encourage repeat purchases, customer loyalty, and a positive reputation for vendors. Therefore, business ethics function not only as moral guidance but also as social capital supporting the sustainability of informal microenterprises. This study highlights that ethical behavior is crucial for strengthening long-term relationships between vendors and consumers in urban settings. Overall, implementing ethical standards contributes to sustainable small business development in informal sectors. It also improves public trust.

Religious pluralism in Indonesia constitutes a unique national identity, yet it is vulnerable to horizontal conflicts and acts of intolerance. This study aims to analyze the importance of interfaith dialogue in fostering mutual understanding from Catholic and Islamic perspectives within Indonesia’s pluralistic society. The methodology employed is qualitative research using a literature review approach, involving the collection and analysis of various relevant sources such as books, journals, and academic articles. The results of the study indicate that both Islam and Catholicism possess strong theological foundations in support of interfaith dialogue, emphasizing openness, respect for differences, and a commitment to peace and coexistence. Interfaith dialogue has proven to be an effective means of addressing divisions or conflicts, combating intolerance, and fostering harmonious relationships within a multireligious society. Furthermore, it was found that barriers to dialogue are still influenced by factors such as fanaticism, a lack of understanding, and socio-political conditions. This study concludes that interfaith dialogue is a strategic approach to strengthening tolerance and national unity. Therefore, it is recommended that interfaith dialogue be continuously developed through education, interfaith cooperation, and the active role of religious leaders in fostering inclusive and sustainable communication.

Suspicious urban sound recognition is a critical component of intelligent public safety and urban monitoring systems, enabling the automated identification of anomalous acoustic events such as gunshots, sirens, and other security-sensitive sounds. However, existing deep learning approaches often struggle to simultaneously capture long-range temporal dependencies and global contextual relationships, particularly under noisy and acoustically complex urban conditions. This limitation can reduce reliability in safety-critical scenarios where missed detections carry significant risk. To address these challenges, this study proposes a Multi-Branch Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) framework with Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHSA) for enhanced sequential and contextual feature modeling. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) are extracted from a curated subset of the UrbanSound8K dataset, comprising five suspicious sound classes, and used as input to the proposed architecture. The multi-branch design enables complementary temporal representations, while the self-attention mechanism provides lightweight contextual weighting of BiLSTM outputs. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a test accuracy of 95.59%, outperforming conventional Dense and LSTM-based baseline models under identical experimental settings. An ablation study further confirms the contribution of multi-branch integration and attention-based enhancement to overall performance. Class-wise evaluation reveals consistently high recall across all sound categories, particularly for safety-critical classes such as gunshots and sirens. These findings indicate that the proposed framework provides robust and reliable performance, making it suitable for real-time smart city surveillance and public safety applications.

This study aims to analyze the transformation of Don’s character in the film Jumbo using K.M. Weiland’s character arc framework. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-interpretative approach. Data were collected through repeated viewing of selected scenes that represent character development, and analyzed based on narrative structure, including exposition, inciting incident, rising conflict, climax, and resolution, as well as supported by visual elements such as facial expressions, gestures, and cinematic composition. The findings reveal that Don’s character undergoes a dynamic and gradual transformation. Initially, he is driven by a strong need for social validation, which develops into a negative change arc as he reinforces false beliefs and exhibits increasingly egoistic behavior. At the climax, Don reaches a critical turning point that triggers self-reflection. Ultimately, he transitions into a positive change arc, demonstrated through empathy, responsibility, and concern for others. This study highlights that character development in film is constructed through the interplay of conflict, social relationships, and a structured narrative process.