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This study explores the revitalization of the Sundanese Pegon script through a community-based training program at Al-Huda Islamic Boarding School, Bandung. Conducted by the Community Service Team of Telkom University in June 2025, the program aimed to preserve traditional Islamic literacy by reintroducing the Pegon script to students (santri). Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive method through observation, interviews, and document analysis, the research reveals that the training successfully enhanced both the students' awareness and technical proficiency in reading and writing Pegon. Interview results with the Chairman of the Al-Huda Foundation, Roni Syahroni, emphasize that this effort is not merely an academic achievement but a vital step in reviving the historical soul of the pesantren. The findings demonstrate strong community support for preserving local cultural literacy. The study concludes that the community-based education model is highly effective and viable as a strategy to sustain the Islamic cultural heritage of Nusantara amidst modern challenges. Thus, Pegon literacy remains a spiritual and intellectual bridge for future generations.

Texts depicting violence in the Old Testament, particularly Joshua 6:1–27, are often cited as evidence that the Bible legitimizes divine violence and genocide. This study aims to analyze the narrative of the conquest of Jericho through a historical-critical approach by integrating narrative structure analysis, historical-religious context, and a conceptual study of herem. The method used is a literature review with a qualitative approach that situates the text within the context of the Ancient Near East. The results of the study indicate that Joshua 6 is a systematically constructed theological narrative intended to affirm YHWH’s sovereignty as the Warrior-God and His faithfulness to the covenant with Israel. The concept of herem does not merely signify annihilation but functions as a mechanism for the sanctification of the people and the affirmation of covenantal identity in the face of the threat of syncretism. Furthermore, the use of war language in this text reflects the hyperbolic rhetoric characteristic of ancient literature, and thus cannot be read literally as a legitimization of modern violence. Consequently, a historical-critical reading affirms that this narrative is not a justification for genocide, but rather a theological construction that serves to shape the identity of faith and the understanding of God’s holiness and sovereignty in the history of Israel.

This study aims to examine the message of repentance in Jonah 3:1-10 through an interpretive analysis focusing on the manifestation of God's mercy toward non-Israelite nations. The background of this study is rooted in the theological tension between Israel's exclusivism and the universality of God's love reaching Nineveh, a nation notorious for its cruelty. The method used is qualitative with a historical-grammatical exegesis approach to uncover the meaning of the text in its original context. The research results show that Nineveh's repentance was a radical response to the warning of judgment, involving all elements of society from the common people to political authorities. This phenomenon proves that the primary purpose of God's prophecy of judgment is not destruction, but the transformation of human behavior. This analysis confirms that God's mercy is sovereign and transcends ethnic or geographical boundaries. The implications of this research emphasize the importance for modern faith communities to adopt an inclusive attitude and understand that the sovereignty of God's love cannot be limited by human prejudice against groups perceived as strangers or enemies

This study aims to examine the contributions of A.M. Sangaji to the field of education during the period of 1922–1949 within the broader context of anti-colonial struggle. This research employs a qualitative method with a historical approach, involving the stages of heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. Data sources are derived from library research, including books, scholarly articles, and relevant historical documents. The findings reveal that A.M. Sangaji’s contributions to education were closely intertwined with his political and social activism within Sarekat Islam. He actively established Qur’anic teaching centers and educational institutions, particularly in East Kalimantan, aimed at enhancing intellectual and religious awareness among indigenous communities. Furthermore, his role as a writer and orator significantly influenced the development of national consciousness and resistance against colonial rule. His integrity, ideas, and commitment to education highlight his substantial role in the history of Indonesian education. This study concludes that A.M. Sangaji’s contributions extended beyond formal education to encompass social, political, and religious education oriented toward the liberation of society from colonial oppression. Therefore, A.M. Sangaji deserves recognition as both an educational figure and a national hero, with enduring relevance for contemporary educational development.

This research is entitled The Influence of Japanese Pop Culture on Children’s Toys Trends in Indonesia, 1980-2010. The study employs the historical method, which consists of four stages: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography.John Fiske’s (2011) theory of popular culture and  Joseph Nye’s concept of soft power is used to analyze how Japanese popular culture, particularly through entertainment media and toy products, was disseminated persuasively and received by Indonesian children. Since the early 1990s, mass media such as television and children’s magazines have played an important role in introducing Japanese anime and characters, which subsequently encouraged the emergence of toy trends based on Japanese popular culture. The object of this research focuses on children’s toys influenced by Japanese popular culture that circulated in Indonesia between 1980 and 2010, including Tamiya, Beyblade, Tamagotchi, Crush Gear, B-Daman, and yo-yo. These toys not only developed as commercial products, but also contributed to the formation of children’s play patterns, communities, and social identities. However, during the period from 2008 to 2010, these toy trends began to decline due to the advancement of digital technology, changes in children’s consumption patterns, broadcast censorship policies implemented by Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI), and increasing competition from popular culture of other countries such as Korea, the United States, and China. This condition reflects a shift in children’s play culture from physical toys to more modern forms of digital entertainment.

Public space revitalization is an important strategy in urban development aimed at improving the quality of urban environments while stimulating social interaction and local economic activities. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Motang Rua Field revitalization program in Manggarai Regency and assess the extent to which the program achieved its intended development objectives. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with key informants including local government officials, project contractors, small business actors, and community members, as well as documentation related to the revitalization program. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation techniques to ensure data validity. The findings indicate that the revitalization program demonstrates a high level of relevance to community needs and aligns with the regional development vision of Ruteng Kota Molas. The implementation process shows strong coherence through effective inter-institutional coordination and consistency between planning and execution. The revitalization has also proven effective in improving public facilities, enhancing community social activities, and stimulating local economic growth through increased micro and small business activities. Furthermore, the program was implemented efficiently in terms of budget management and project timeline. The revitalization also contributes to strengthening socio-cultural values through the preservation of the historical figure Motang Rua and shows strong sustainability potential through increased public utilization of the revitalized space.

The Panji Story is one of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) that has historical, cultural, and local identity values, especially for the people of Kediri. However, currently, the community's understanding of the Panji Story tends to be limited and is often considered only as a romantic story, so that the historical and cultural values contained therein are not fully understood. This activity aims to strengthen the community's understanding of the Panji Story as a source of history and local cultural heritage through a national seminar. The activity was conducted in the form of a seminar involving presentations by expert speakers, interactive discussions, and question and answer sessions with participants from various backgrounds, such as students, the general public, and cultural activists. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' understanding and awareness of the historical, cultural, and educational value of the Panji Story. Participants not only understood the diversity of versions of the Panji Story, but also began to view it as an important part of local cultural identity that needs to be preserved and sustained. This activity showed that national seminars can be an effective educational medium in building collective public awareness of the sustainable preservation of local history and culture.

The development of digital technology affects tourism promotion strategies. Promotion of cultural tourism in remote areas. The Tarung Traditional Village (KA) is one of the trains located in West Sumba district that has cultural heritage and historical value but still cannot be promoted properly due to the lack of digital media. Therefore, the researcher created a website as a medium for promoting cultural tourism destinations for Tangung Train. The system development method applied is the waterfall model with phases of needs analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. Information collections are carried out through literature studies, observations with traditional and community managers, and direct interviews. The process of developing this system must be able to meet the community's information needs related to the profile of customary areas, customary houses, customary ceremonies, photo galleries and tour guides of the Tarong Train. The result of this research is to get promotional media for the Tarung Train in the form of an informative site about the potential of the Tarung Train containing train profiles, traditional houses, traditional ceremonies, photo galleries, and tourist guides. As well as promotion in the form of a website that is able to increase access to information from the general public and also introduce cultural image.

This study examines the dynamics of Islamic civilization and cultural expressions in Southeast Asia through a comparative analysis of Muslim communities in Indonesia and Thailand. Southeast Asia represents a unique region where Islam has interacted with diverse local traditions, producing distinctive cultural forms and civilizational patterns. The research aims to explore how Islamic values, cultural traditions, and historical experiences shape the development of Muslim societies in both countries.Using a qualitative comparative approach, this study analyzes historical sources, academic literature, and socio-cultural practices within Muslim communities in Indonesia and Thailand. The research focuses on three main aspects: the historical development of Islam, the interaction between Islamic teachings and local cultures, and the role of cultural practices in shaping contemporary Muslim identity.  The findings reveal that Islamic civilization in Southeast Asia is characterized by adaptability, cultural negotiation, and pluralistic expressions. In Indonesia, Islamic cultural expressions tend to be more institutionalized and integrated within national cultural frameworks, while in Thailand, Muslim communities maintain strong cultural identities through local traditions and religious institutions despite existing within a predominantly Buddhist society.  This study contributes to the broader discourse on Islamic civilization by demonstrating that cultural diversity and local adaptation play significant roles in shaping Muslim societies in Southeast Asia. Understanding these dynamics provides deeper insight into the relationship between religion, culture, and civilization in pluralistic societies.

History education at the secondary level continues to face challenges in fostering higher order thinking skills, particularly students’ interpretative and critical analytical abilities, which are often constrained by textual and chronological instructional approaches. This study aims to conceptually examine the role of digital storytelling as a pedagogical strategy to strengthen historical interpretation and critical analysis within the frameworks of constructivism, historical thinking, and critical thinking theory. The research employs a qualitative approach based on literature review, utilizing descriptive and thematic analysis of scholarly works and educational policy documents. The findings indicate that digital storytelling promotes active cognitive engagement through processes of source selection, credibility evaluation, evidence based narrative construction, and multiperspective reflection. The production of digital narratives functions not merely as a creative activity but as a cognitive mechanism that trains logical argumentation and validation of historical evidence. Furthermore, the integration of multimedia elements enhances contextual understanding and deepens students’ meaning making of historical events. Nevertheless, its implementation encounters challenges related to teachers’ digital competence, students’ digital literacy readiness, infrastructural limitations, and instructional time allocation. The study implies that digital storytelling holds strategic potential as a pedagogical approach to develop historical thinking competencies in the digital era, provided that it is supported by systematic instructional planning and sustained capacity building in educational institutions.

This study examine the reflection of Native american economic conditions in the 1990s as potrayed in Sherman alexie’s short story This is What It Means to say Phoenix, Arizona. As literary works often reflect social realities, this study focuses on economic struggles are represented through the experiences of the main characters, Victor and Thomas. The research employs a qualitative method with a sociology of literature approach using a Marxist perspective. The data are analyzed through a narrative examination of key events and character experiences related to economic conditions. The findings reveal tha the short story reflects persistent economic issues such as poverty, unemployment, and limited access to finansial resources, whic are rooted in historical inequality and structural marginalization. These conditions, as experienced by the characters, represent broader socio-economic realities faced by native American communities living in reservations. Therefore, this study highlights tha literary works funcition not only as artistic expressions but also as representations of social and economic realities, particulalry those of marginalized groups.

Islamic leadership faces significant challenges related to personal integrity and institutional governance, requiring a comprehensive theoretical study to bridge these gaps. This research aims to examine the integration of prophetic values with system improvement to strengthen Islamic leadership in the modern context. The study employs a qualitative approach based on literature review and textual analysis, exploring Islamic leadership theories, public administration practices, and historical experiences of Islamic civilization. The findings indicate that Islamic leadership becomes more effective when the personal integrity of leaders is aligned with adaptive, transparent, and accountable institutional systems. These results emphasize that system improvement is necessary to ensure moral values are not limited to individual practice but embedded within organizational governance and social institutions. The study also highlights the relevance of Islamic leadership in addressing the era of disruption, where synergy between prophetic character and institutional reform is essential for sustainability. The research recommends emphasizing the synergy between moral values and system improvement so that Islamic leadership can sustainably address social challenges while remaining relevant to modern demands and contemporary societal needs.   

This study examines the relationship between suffering in Job 1–21 and God's sovereignty in the Old Testament. The problem arises from the tension between the theology of retribution that links suffering to sin and the reality that the righteous can also suffer. Job is a key figure in understanding this theological dilemma. This study uses a qualitative method with a biblical exegetical approach through analysis of historical context, literary structure, and theological meaning. The primary data comes from the text of Job 1–21, supported by relevant theological literature. The analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically to find the relationship between suffering and God's sovereignty. The results show that Job's suffering is not a direct result of sin, but rather occurs within the scope of God's sovereignty that transcends human understanding. This text also critiques the rigid understanding of the theology of retribution and emphasizes that faith is rooted in trust, not merely rational understanding. Job's perseverance demonstrates that suffering can be a means of faith growth as well as a test that deepens humanity's relationship with God. This study emphasizes that suffering is part of God's sovereign plan and encourages believers to remain faithful and persevere amidst the uncertainties and struggles of life.

The phenomenon of tedong petarung in Toraja has generated controversy due to its shift from the traditional tedong silaga, which historically formed part of Torajan customary rituals. This practice has evolved into entertainment and competition frequently associated with gambling activities. This study aims to analyze tedong petarung as a form of cultural distortion from the perspectives of customary law and criminal law, as well as to examine the limits of customary culture recognition within the national legal system. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and sociological approaches. Legal materials were collected through library research consisting of legislation, legal literature, journals, and related documents. The study finds that tedong silaga possesses legitimacy as part of Torajan customary culture containing social, symbolic, and spiritual values. However, modern tedong petarung practices demonstrate a shift toward commercialization and gambling, obscuring the philosophical values of the original tradition. From a criminal law perspective, such practices potentially fulfill the elements of gambling offenses under Indonesian positive law. This study concludes that recognition of customary culture must remain aligned with public order, morality, and national law.

History learning plays a strategic role in developing students’ critical, analytical, and reflective thinking skills. However, instructional practices that still emphasize memorization of facts often fail to foster higher-order thinking abilities. This article aims to examine the implementation of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)-based history learning as an effort to support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, namely quality education. The HOTS approach in history learning emphasizes students’ abilities to analyze, evaluate, and create through activities such as interpreting historical sources, solving contextual problems, and engaging in critical discussions of past events. The method used in this study is a literature review by analyzing various sources related to HOTS-based learning strategies and their implementation in history education. The findings indicate that the application of HOTS enhances student engagement, deepens conceptual understanding, and fosters historical awareness relevant to contemporary life. In addition, HOTS-based learning encourages students to develop reflective thinking and make better-informed decisions. The implementation of HOTS in history learning aligns with the principles of SDG 4, which emphasize inclusive, equitable, and quality education. Therefore, integrating HOTS into history instruction not only improves the quality of the learning process but also contributes to the development of a generation that is critical, creative, and adaptive in facing global challenges.

This study aims to analyze the organizational performance of the Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Tanjungpinang in managing the tourism sector. Tanjungpinang has significant cultural and historical tourism potential; however, tourist visit trends remain fluctuating and unstable. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study method and library research as the data collection technique. Data were obtained from official government documents, statistical data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, and relevant previous studies. The analysis is based on the public sector organizational performance theory proposed by Agus Dwiyanto, focusing on two main indicators: productivity and accountability.   The findings indicate that administratively the agency has consistently implemented programs and organized cultural events in accordance with planning documents. However, the increase in the number of activities has not consistently contributed to stable growth in tourist visits. In terms of accountability, reporting mechanisms have been implemented, yet substantive transparency and public access to information still require improvement. Therefore, the organizational performance can be categorized as administratively adequate but requires enhancement in program effectiveness and public transparency.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed educational practices while simultaneously posing challenges to the preservation of local cultural values. This study aims to develop and evaluate a digital ethnopedagogical reconstruction model that integrates local historical narratives of North Sumatra into the Merdeka Curriculum within the Primary School Teacher Education (PGSD) program. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the 4D model, this study utilized a mixed-methods design involving document analysis, interviews, observations, expert validation, and field trials. The findings reveal that local historical narratives—comprising folkloric legends, educational acculturation, and the heritage of local sultanates—possess strong ethnopedagogical potential when reconstructed through interactive digital media. Quantitative results demonstrate a significant 38% increase in students’ ethnopedagogical understanding, supported by high content validity (89%) and media feasibility (92%) scores. Qualitative findings further indicate enhanced cultural awareness, historical empathy, and learner engagement. The study concludes that the effectiveness of digital ethnopedagogical innovation is primarily determined by its pedagogical integration within the learner-centered framework of the Merdeka Curriculum. This research contributes a sustainable model for culturally grounded digital pedagogy in teacher education.

The tomb of Ario Damar in Palembang City represents one of the important historical sites for understanding the political, social, and religious dynamics during the transitional period from the influence of the Majapahit Kingdom to the development of Islam in the South Sumatra region. The study of this site employs the historical method through the stages of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, using a qualitative approach. Data were collected through direct observation of the Ario Damar tomb complex and literature studies derived from scientific journals, academic articles, and relevant historiographical works. The analysis indicates that the existence of the Ario Damar tomb not only represents a physical relic of a prominent figure within the governmental structure of Palembang in the fifteenth century but also serves as material evidence reflecting the process of cultural and religious transformation in the region. The tomb site demonstrates historical connections between the political authority of Majapahit, the early development of Islam in Palembang, and the political and cultural relations between Java and Sumatra. In addition to its historical significance, the Ario Damar tomb also holds social and cultural functions as a space of collective memory for the community, which continues to be used as a site of pilgrimage and historical reflection. Therefore, the preservation of the Ario Damar tomb site is essential to maintain cultural heritage while strengthening its role as a source of local historical learning and the development of sustainable historical tourism.

This study investigates the implementation of history learning based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in developing students' analytical history skills. This research is motivated by the dominance of conventional teaching focused on lectures that emphasize memorization of facts rather than critical and analytical thinking. The study aims to describe how HOTS-based strategies are implemented in history classes and to analyze their impact on students' analytical skills. This research uses a qualitative descriptive methodology. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The findings show that before the implementation of HOTS, students' responses were mostly descriptive and limited to recalling factual information. After the implementation of HOTS-based learning through the use of analytical questions, historical case studies, source analysis, and structured group discussions, students showed significant improvement in explaining cause-and-effect relationships, evaluating historical evidence, and building logical arguments. Students became more active in discussions and demonstrated a deeper conceptual understanding than mere memorization. However, several challenges were identified, including students' limited experience in critical thinking, time constraints, and the need for teachers to be better prepared in designing HOTS-oriented learning instruments. Overall, this study concludes that HOTS-based history learning effectively improves students' analytical history skills and shifts the learning orientation from lower-order thinking to higher cognitive engagement. This approach pedagogically contributes to fostering a critical, reflective, and contextual understanding of history that is relevant to the demands of 21st-century education.

The circulation of narcotics as a serious crime in Indonesia faces the reality that some types of narcotics have medical benefits when used in limited quantities and under strict supervision, while cannabis plants remain classified as Class I Narcotics in Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, thereby prohibiting their use in health services. This situation raises legal issues regarding the basis for classification, legal qualifications, and the possibility of updating norms so that cannabis can be used for medical purposes. This study aims to analyze the historical and legal basis for the classification of cannabis, its qualification in the national legal system, and to formulate a normative regulatory concept that allows its use for health services. The method used is normative legal research with a historical and comparative approach, through a literature study of primary and secondary legal materials, which are analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results of the study show that the classification of cannabis is rooted in international commitments through the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, which was later ratified and adopted into national law, so that legally cannabis is only permitted for research purposes. however, considering the development of science and practice in various countries, it is necessary to update the norms through the formation of a Ministerial Regulation as mandated by Article 6 paragraph (3) of the Narcotics Law as a limited and controlled first step to open up the use of cannabis in health services without neglecting the principle of preventing abuse.