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This article explores a critical perspective on epistemology that has long been influenced by Western-centric biases, aiming to uncover its inherent discriminatory aspects. Employing a literature-based approach, the discussion centers on two primary concerns. First, the exclusionary nature of Western epistemology is inseparable from the ideals of modernity, which emphasize progress and innovation. These characteristics often marginalize alternative knowledge systems rooted in traditional or indigenous communities. Second, the discourse of development operates as a mechanism to perpetuate Western epistemological dominance, serving as a justification to reassert control over nations in the Global South or former colonies. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of fostering a critical mindset among scholars, encouraging openness to diverse epistemological frameworks that reflect local contexts, without entirely dismissing the scientific traditions of the West.

This article explores the nature of the philosophy of Islamic education and its integration with the philosophy of mathematics in the learning process. The philosophy of Islamic education is rooted in the Qur’an and As-Sunnah and is further reinforced by the thoughts of Muslim philosophers. It encompasses three main aspects: ontology (the nature of existence), epistemology (the sources and methods of acquiring knowledge), and axiology (values and purposes). Islamic education aims not only to shape individual character but also to build a holistic educational system based on Islamic values. In this context, education is not merely a process of knowledge transfer but a means of fostering moral and spiritual development in learners. On the other hand, the philosophy of mathematics from the perspective of Islamic education emphasizes that mathematics is not solely an exact science of arithmetic, but also a discipline closely related to ethical and moral values in Islam. Mathematics is viewed as part of the divine order of Allah’s creation, reflecting His greatness. Therefore, the integration of Islamic educational philosophy and mathematical philosophy in learning offers a deeper approach to mathematical concepts. This approach not only enhances students’ cognitive understanding of the material but also instills spiritual awareness and values of faith and piety. By combining scientific and religious aspects, the learning process becomes more systematic, meaningful, and aligned with the comprehensive goals of Islamic education.

The dominance of western civilization has extended to the epistemological aspect of science which places great emphasis on the physical aspects of science. Meanwhile, in the past, Muslim scientists have passed down a complete legacy and explained epistemology in accordance with the principles and teachings of the Islamic religion. This article aims to explain the urgency of Islamic epistemology for those who wish to study by providing a descriptive and analytical explanation. Only a correct epistemology that is in accordance with Islamic teachings can lead students of science to the essence of science, namely knowledge as it really is and provide spiritual satisfaction and happiness.

Science and technology became something that developed very rapidly in the classical period and Islamic civilization. And this proves that epistemology developed at that time. Even though in the past Muslim scholars studied a lot in the field of Islamic civilization, with their epistemology they were able to provide the best in the field of science and technology and develop it to all corners of the world. Technology is a source of information today. It is necessary to know that the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad contain many Hadiths about Science and Technology. What is contained in the hadith is mentioned implicitly in the rules of explanation of creed and faith. That is why, hadith will always coexist with the development of the times and there will be no conflict between the two forever. The "Hadith-Hadith Science" application is research that uses the R&D (Research and Development) method and in its development uses the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development and Evaluation) method.  Then this application was developed via the Kodular.Io website which can be accessed on Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Google. This application contains 40 selected hadith themes about Science in hadith. By developing the "Scientific Hadiths" application, researchers hope that this application can be useful for users.

The maritime industry is undergoing rapid technological transformation, yet the role of scientific paradigms in shaping technological decision-making remains underexplored. This study examines how epistemological reasoning influences leadership approaches to technological innovation in maritime business management. The research is motivated by the need to bridge the gap between theory and practice, ensuring that technological advancements are implemented with structured decision-making rather than reactive adaptation. This study provides an original contribution by evaluating the intersection of leadership, epistemology, and technological adoption—a perspective largely overlooked in previous maritime innovation research. While digital transformation is widely discussed, few studies address how structured epistemological reasoning affects decision-making in technology adoption. The research seeks to answer: To what extent do scientific paradigms influence technological decision-making in maritime leadership, and what challenges hinder epistemological integration? Using a qualitative methodology, the study engages industry experts, lecturers, and postgraduate students, applying thematic and comparative analysis to explore epistemological competency development and sustainable innovation. Results indicate that leadership adaptability and epistemological literacy significantly enhance digital transformation efforts, yet barriers such as regulatory constraints and resistance to structured reasoning persist. The study concludes that embedding epistemology into maritime education and leadership training is essential for ensuring sustainable, data-driven technological decision-making in the industry.

The maritime industry, traditionally reliant on intuition and experience-based decision-making, is undergoing a transformation with the increasing adoption of digital marketing strategies. However, the epistemological foundations of this transition remain underexplored, particularly in the context of leadership and strategic decision-making. This research examines how maritime leaders, lecturers, and postgraduate students perceive and integrate data-driven marketing strategies into maritime business management. The study provides original value by addressing the gap in maritime leadership research regarding digital marketing epistemology. Unlike previous studies that primarily focus on technical adoption, this research critically analyzes the philosophical and cognitive frameworks influencing digital marketing decision-making. The primary objective is to explore the extent to which digital marketing decisions in maritime leadership are guided by empirical data rather than intuition. Using qualitative research and descriptive analysis, semi-structured interviews were conducted with maritime experts, lecturers, and postgraduate students. Data were analyzed thematically, categorizing responses into competency development, sustainability, and digital transformation barriers. Findings reveal that while data-driven strategies are acknowledged as valuable, traditional leadership models still dominate. Digital marketing adoption is constrained by limited expertise, regulatory challenges, and skepticism toward analytics. The study concludes that bridging this gap requires integrating epistemological inquiry into maritime education and fostering collaboration between industry and academia. Strengthening digital literacy among maritime leaders is essential for ensuring the sustainable and strategic use of digital marketing in the sector.

This article examines the impact of the digital era on theological methodology through the lens of the philosophy of science. Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive approach based on literature review, the study explores the relationship between theological epistemology and the development of information technology. The article asserts that the philosophy of science plays a crucial role in reinforcing the methodological foundations of theology to address challenges of the digital era, such as information plurality, authority crises, and the simplification of truth. Furthermore, the study provides strategic recommendations for reconstructing theological methods by critically, innovatively, and responsibly leveraging digital technology.

Philosophy of science has an important role in the preparation of scientific work, especially in management science, by providing a conceptual framework that integrates aspects of ontology, epistemology and axiology. This research discusses the application of the philosophy of science in the entire research process, starting from problem formulation, developing a theoretical framework, to presenting findings. The philosophy of science approach allows the selection of relevant research paradigms and valid methods to produce applicable and ethical solutions. In addition, philosophy of science contributes to the development of new paradigms, strengthening research ethics, and increasing creativity in scientific research. By using a literature review approach, this research provides insight into how the philosophy of science supports the development of management science through knowledge validation and systematic methodological testing

This research discusses the development of philosophy of science in the context of management science in the era of digitalization. With a qualitative approach, this research identifies the role of philosophy of science as a conceptual foundation in facing the challenges of the digital era, such as automation, big data and artificial intelligence. This study outlines the three main pillars of the philosophy of science, namely ontology, epistemology and axiology, and their application in the development of management theory and practice. The research results show that integrating the philosophy of science in management can increase adaptability, innovation and ethics in organizational management in the digital era. This research recommends strengthening management education based on the philosophy of science to produce leaders who are competent and broad-minded

This research examines epistemology as a foundation in Islamic economics through the Ihtisaan, Maslahah, Murlahah, and Al-Urf approaches. Epistemology in Islamic economics does not only focus on technical aspects, but also explores the philosophical foundations underlying this system. With this approach, this research seeks to answer the challenges of implementing sharia principles in a modern economic system without ignoring basic Islamic values. The method used is qualitative with a literature study approach, which includes analysis of verses from the Koran, Hadith and the views of ulama. The research results show that these four values ​​complement each other, creating harmony between the normative principles of sharia and practical reality. This concept allows Islamic economics to remain relevant in facing global challenges, providing fair and sustainable solutions. It is hoped that this research can strengthen the position of Islamic economics as a system that is adaptive, inclusive, and remains rooted in the noble values ​​of sharia.

This paper systematically reviews the drivers of work-family enrichment and job enrichment within the 2019–2024 timeframe from a philosophical perspective. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, utilizing Publish or Perish and the Scopus database to identify and evaluate relevant papers. The article's key conclusions indicate that the ontological review conceptualizes work-family balance as a complex interplay between enrichment and conflict, which can significantly impact each employee's well-being. The epistemology review focuses on the study's use of a theoretical framework and methodology. The axiology examines how these two concepts enhance employee psychology, work engagement, and career achievement, as well as their positive impact on job satisfaction. The findings of the philosophical analysis, which may be influenced by specific viewpoints, highlight the research gap. To improve the well-being of both the organization and its employees, this article provides recommendations for future research and organizational practices.

This article discusses various philosophical thinking methods that have significantly impacted the implementation of management science. Philosophical schools such as rationalism, empiricism, skepticism, idealism, and pragmatism offer unique perspectives on understanding reality and knowledge and how these can be applied in management practice. This research aims to identify philosophical paradigms that can help mitigate risks in management and comprehensively apply the fundamentals of social science. Through a literature review approach, the results show that philosophical thinking methods enhance managerial flexibility and open space for systematic thinking in decision-making.

This study aims to analyze the interpretation of hadiths concerning women’s roles in the public sphere through a hermeneutical approach, reaffirming an inclusive and contextual Islamic perspective on gender. The research arises from the dominance of literal and patriarchal readings of hadiths that tend to limit women’s participation in social and educational domains. Employing a qualitative library research method, this study examines relevant hadith texts and explores the views of contemporary Muslim hermeneutical thinkers such as Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, Fazlur Rahman, and Amina Wadud. The findings reveal that hermeneutics provides a methodological framework capable of fostering gender-just interpretations by emphasizing the historical, social, and moral dimensions of the hadith text. The reinterpretation demonstrates that many hadiths previously understood restrictively are, in fact, contextual rather than universally normative. The study’s implications encourage a new paradigm in Islamic scholarship that is more reflective, critical, and socially responsive. The novelty of this research lies in integrating hermeneutical analysis with thematic hadith studies on women’s participation in the public domain, an area rarely explored in depth. This research thus contributes significantly to developing a more humanistic and egalitarian Islamic epistemology.

This article discusses the integration of social sciences and humanities in Islamic studies as an epistemological reconstruction effort to restore the unity between revelation, reason, and social reality. The research approach used is qualitative with a library research design through critical analysis of academic literature from various sources, including journals indexed by Scopus and Google Scholar. The results of the study indicate that the integration of social sciences and humanities broadens the orientation of Islamic studies from a normative-theological perspective to a more contextual and transformative multidisciplinary analysis. The social sciences serve as analytical instruments for socio-religious phenomena, while the humanities provide a reflective, ethical, and philosophical foundation that enriches understanding of Islamic teachings. The implementation of this paradigm is evident in the concept of "integration-interconnection" at UIN Indonesia and "Islamic revealed knowledge" at IIUM Malaysia, which have successfully developed an ethical and rational scientific tradition without abandoning the values ​​of monotheism. Despite facing epistemological and cultural challenges, scientific integration remains a crucial foundation for the development of an inclusive, humanistic, and humane civilization.  

This paper explores the contributions of classical Islamic philosophy of science to the modern interdisciplinary research landscape. The study focuses on how key philosophical principles such as the concept of ‘ilm al-tawḥīdī (unity of knowledge) and the integration of ethics and spirituality can enhance contemporary research methodologies. Islamic philosophy advocates for a holistic approach that bridges the gap between empirical science and metaphysical insights, promoting a unified view of knowledge that incorporates not only rational and empirical elements but also ethical and spiritual dimensions. The paper discusses how Islamic ethical frameworks, such as Adab al-‘ilm (ethics of knowledge), can influence modern research by emphasizing responsibility, integrity, and the interconnectedness of all forms of knowledge. Additionally, the study highlights the potential for integrating Islamic epistemology into interdisciplinary research, fostering more inclusive, responsible, and ethically grounded scientific practices. The integration of both Islamic and secular research models is proposed as a way to create a more robust and sustainable research framework that values both scientific rigor and ethical responsibility. The paper also addresses the challenges of reconciling Islamic principles with secular academic frameworks, suggesting future research avenues to develop systematic methodologies that integrate Islamic ethical and epistemological values with modern scientific practices. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the importance of incorporating both spiritual and empirical insights in modern research to address complex global challenges in a more comprehensive and ethically grounded manner.

Of all the thoughts of Islamic philosophers, there are still many Muslims who are unable to properly translate their thoughts into people's lives, so that many Muslims lose direction in navigating this life, as a result they move away from Islamic teachings. The aim of this research is to analyze how the thoughts of this Islamic philosopher can be adopted by Muslims in order to carry out Islamic teachings in a sustainable manner. The research method applied is descriptive qualitative with documentation studies, where the data collection technique uses documentation studies. In accordance with the results of existing research, it can be concluded that there are several concepts from Islamic thought that Islamic philosophers have adopted in order to teach Islamic teachings on an ongoing basis, namely the ideas of monotheism, epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, political philosophy, Sufism, Islamic law and theology.

This study explores the integration of Islamic epistemology with modern scientific methodologies, proposing a pluralistic epistemic framework that bridges the gap between divine revelation (wahyu), rationality (aql), and empirical knowledge. The research investigates the comparative relationship between traditional Islamic knowledge systems, particularly classical Qur'anic hermeneutics, modern tafsir approaches, and contemporary scientific methods. Traditional Islamic epistemology, grounded in metaphysical and theological frameworks, often emphasizes the separation of spiritual knowledge from empirical science. However, modern scientific methodologies, which prioritize empirical observation and rational inquiry, have created challenges for reconciling Islamic thought with contemporary scientific paradigms. This study identifies common epistemic grounds, such as the use of reason, observation, and the search for truth, as shared goals between Islamic epistemology and modern science. The proposed integrative model of Islamic epistemic pluralism offers a more cohesive and relevant approach to knowledge by acknowledging both spiritual and scientific insights. This model suggests that divine revelation and empirical science can coexist in an inclusive epistemic framework, providing a more comprehensive understanding of reality. The implications of this integrative model for Islamic thought, education, and research are significant, suggesting potential for broader interdisciplinary collaboration and a more holistic approach to addressing modern challenges. The study concludes by calling for further research into practical frameworks for applying Islamic epistemic pluralism across various fields, such as social sciences, engineering, and environmental studies, to contribute to a more inclusive and dynamic global intellectual discourse.

Science and technology have developed along with human development in this universe. The history of human civilization requires efforts to manifest values ​​within the scope of their own perspective. The above facts can be proven with strong support for the purposes of science and technology itself, these are values ​​and include cultural views formed by humans themselves.

Islamic science and Western science are two rich scientific traditions with a long history and significant contributions to science. Despite some similarities, they also have fundamental differences in methodology, epistemology, and goals. Islamic science flourished during the Middle Ages, driven by intellectual curiosity and the urge to understand God's creation. Muslim scientists combined the revelations of the Koran with observations and experiments to produce advances in a variety of fields, including astronomy, mathematics, physics, optics, and medicine. They emphasized the importance of a systematic scientific method, using hypotheses, experiments, and observations to test theories.Western science, on the other hand, emerged in Europe during the Renaissance and Enlightenment. Western science is characterized by its emphasis on rationalism, empiricism, and secularism. Western scientists challenged the authority of religion and tradition, and focused on developing more rigorous scientific methods, such as controlled experiments and testable hypotheses.

Fiqh education in the context of Islam is often understood merely as the transfer of knowledge regarding normative laws. However, the exploration of fiqh education as a process that can shape students' character in accordance with the goals of education, which not only transfers knowledge but also forms individual values and character, has not yet been evident. This is due to the lack of understanding of the essence of fiqh education from the perspective of educational philosophy. This article aims to explain that fiqh should not only be viewed as law but also as education rich in moral   and character values. Fiqh education, when analyzed through several philosophical perspectives such as ontological, epistemological, axiological, and methodological studies, reveals its moral and character values. From an ontological perspective, fiqh education can be directed towards understanding the meaning of Islamic education and the relationship between fiqh law and moral values. This shows that fiqh education plays a role in building students' character. In the epistemological aspect, the Qur'an and Hadith serve as the primary sources of knowledge. Teaching methods that include textual, rational, and empirical approaches motivate students to understand the legal context more deeply. Axiology in fiqh education emphasizes the importance of moral values and social responsibility, aiming to shape individuals with high morality. Teaching methodologies are also evolving with new approaches, such as problem-based active learning, to enhance students' interest in understanding the material. Thus, it is hoped that the education of fiqh will not only produce individuals who are well-versed in normative laws but also individuals of noble character in accordance with religious teachings.