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In Indonesia, education cannot be separated from human life. One way to obtain knowledge is the teaching and learning process in schools and this is the implementation of education. To implement the materials or teaching materials used in schools requires something that covers it, namely the curriculum. In Indonesia, the curriculum changed a lot starting from 1947 until the independent curriculum. Hi, this is done to improve the previous curriculum and also to make the curriculum updated or keep up with the times. Likewise with the PPKN SD curriculum, which from the past until now has seen many good improvements. This is done so that good character values ​​remain and also makes Pancaila a way of life. This aims to face increasingly rapid changes in the times and enforce the law and comply with necessary regulations. applied since childhood. In this research, researchers used a literature study or literature review method. By utilizing this literature study, we succeeded in getting a comparison of PPKN learning in the 2013 curriculum with the independent curriculum.

In the 2013 curriculum there are various learning materials that can be implemented by students as a means of physical activity, one of which is shooting free throw, in this material students have difficulty in understanding and lack of skill in implementation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the explicit instruction model on shooting free throw learning outcomes. The type of research used is a pre-experiment with a one group pretest posttest design. The research sample was selected using cluster random sampling technique, consisting of 32 students of class VI-D SDN Rungkut Menanggal I/582 Surabaya. The research instrument used was a learning outcome test, which included a knowledge test in the form of 10 multiple choice questions, and a skill test in the form of 10x free throw shooting. Through the results of the Wilcoxon test and the results of the percentage increase, the knowledge showed a p-Value of 0.00 (sig <0.05) with an increase of 62.83%. Process-oriented skills show p-Value 0.00 (sig < 0.05) with an increase of 231%. Meanwhile, product-oriented skills showed a p-Value of 0.80 (sig ≥ 0.05). The results showed that the application of the explicit instruction model had an effect on the learning outcomes of free throw shooting in the aspects of knowledge and process-oriented skills, but had no effect on the aspects of product-oriented skills.

problem addressed here is the planning of the Free Curriculum learning which has not been implemented in the 9th-grade class of SMP Nurul Amal Palembang, Ilir Timur II Subdistrict, Palembang City. The purpose of this study is to determine how the Free Curriculum learning planning that has not been implemented in the 9th-grade class of SMP Nurul Amal Palembang. This research is a field study with a qualitative research approach. Data collection methods include interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques involve data collection, data presentation, and data verification stages. The informants in this study are the school principal, vice principal, teachers, and students. The results of this study show that SMP Nurul Amal Palembang has already implemented planning for Free Curriculum learning in the current era. The planning prepared by teachers includes the preparation of modules as a reference for conducting teaching and learning activities in the classroom. The school has also begun implementing the Free Curriculum and has conducted trials by applying it in classes VII and VIII, while class IX still uses the 2013 Curriculum.

The curriculum is an important aspect in the educational framework. The curriculum acts as an educational guide. Therefore, the curriculum will continue to develop along with the times and the needs of society. As it is now, the curriculum has undergone improvements from the 2013 Curriculum to the Independent Learning Curriculum. These changes certainly have an impact on teachers as implementers. Therefore, this research aims to find out how teachers perceive curriculum changes. To collect data, this research uses an interview method by asking several relevant questions. The results of the interview are presented in a descriptive explanation. From the results of interviews regarding changes to the curriculum, it can be seen that the 2013 Curriculum and the Merdeka Belajar Curriculum have many differences, especially in the aims of the curriculum focus. In their perception, the new curriculum has advantages, especially because it gives teachers freedom to manage learning while encouraging student activity. The weaknesses that teachers need to pay attention to are limited teacher resources and learning media/devices. As a solution there must be an increase in teacher resources and learning tools.    

This research is motivated by the implementation of the independent vocational school curriculum in the Jakarta area, especially East Jakarta, which has begun to be implemented in the 2022/2020 academic year. Teachers and students in this case still do not have an understanding and readiness regarding the system for implementing the independent curriculum in the learning process, because they are still influenced by The learning system in the 2013 curriculum has not been fully implemented well in schools, causing teachers and students to be overwhelmed in preparing and adapting to be able to carry out learning activities well. The aim of the research is to determine Mathematics and Student learning in the Implementation of the Merdeka Vocational School Curriculum in East Jakarta. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. This research was carried out at 2 vocational schools in East Jakarta with a total of 5 teachers as research informants. Data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. Based on the research results, it shows that the teachers' interviews show that students do not understand how to use the 2018 revised curriculum and the Merdeka curriculum itself.

This article examines drama texts that focus on pragmatic aspects, namely illocutionary speech acts. The texts studied are drama texts listed in the Indonesian Language Book Class VIII Curriculum 2013. The background of this article is based on the diversity of the application of illocutionary speech acts in the drama text. The purpose of this article is to analyze illocutionary speech acts in drama texts. The method used in this research uses a methodological approach, namely descriptive qualitative, and a theoretical approach, namely pragmatics. The data of this article consists of a group of sentences that form a paragraph taken from the drama text in the Indonesian Language Book Class VIII Curriculum 2013 and studied commensurate with the classification of illocutionary speech acts. The data source comes from the drama text in the Indonesian Language Book Class VIII Curriculum 2013. The techniques used are note-taking techniques and listening techniques or reading data which are data collection techniques. The data analysis technique in the research uses agih and padan techniques. Data presentation techniques with informal techniques. From the existing data, the conclusion is that there are several forms of speech acts in the drama text, namely: representative/assertive, expressive, commissive, directive, and declarative illocutionary speech acts contained in the drama text. This article has benefits for students because it can provide knowledge about the classification of illocutionary speech acts.

This article examines drama texts that focus on pragmatic aspects, namely illocutionary speech acts. The texts studied are drama texts listed in the Indonesian Language Book Class VIII Curriculum 2013. The background of this article is based on the diversity of the application of illocutionary speech acts in the drama text. The purpose of this article is to analyze illocutionary speech acts in drama texts. The method used in this research uses a methodological approach, namely descriptive qualitative, and a theoretical approach, namely pragmatics. The data of this article consists of a group of sentences that form a paragraph taken from the drama text in the Indonesian Language Book Class VIII Curriculum 2013 and studied commensurate with the classification of illocutionary speech acts. The data source comes from the drama text in the Indonesian Language Book Class VIII Curriculum 2013. The techniques used are note-taking techniques and listening techniques or reading data which are data collection techniques. The data analysis technique in the research uses agih and padan techniques. Data presentation techniques with informal techniques. From the existing data, the conclusion is that there are several forms of speech acts in the drama text, namely: representative/assertive, expressive, commissive, directive, and declarative illocutionary speech acts contained in the drama text. This article has benefits for students because it can provide knowledge about the classification of illocutionary speech acts.

Indonesia has experienced several curriculum changes from 1947 to 2013. These changes are related to how important and strategic the role of the curriculum is in implementing the national teaching system. The 2013 curriculum is an integrated competency and character-based curriculum which is a refinement of the Education Unit Level Curricum (KTSP). The 2013 curriculum places more emphasis on character education, especially at the basic level, which will become the foundation for the next level. This research is descriptive quantitative research which aims to describe or create an objective picture of a situation, starting from data collection and answering the research questions that have been asked. Descriptive quantitative research also aims to obtain broader and deeper information by summarizing various conditions, situations, phenomena, or various variables and circumstances that occurred during the research by presenting what actually happened. The research results show that the obstacles in implementing the 2013 Curriculum come from the government, institutions, teachers and students. This seems to be appropriate that there are several factors that influence implementing the curriculum, namely: support from agencies and school principals, support from fellow teachers, support from students and parents, and support from within the teacher are the main elements. When the elements above encounter obstacles, they will certainly hinder the process of implementing a curriculum.

In the context of debate, another issue that occurs is the limited skills of students in identifying and formulating appropriate illocutionary speech acts. In a debate, it is important to communicate arguments clearly and convincingly. However, learners who do not understand the pragmatic aspects of language may have difficulty in formulating strong arguments. This study was conducted to determine the illocutionary speech acts contained in the debate text of Indonesian language book class X curriculum 2013. The purpose of this research is to examine the application of illocutionary speech acts in debate texts. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis, pragmatics theoretical approach, and data collection techniques with observational studies on Indonesian language book documents grade X curriculum 2013. The analysis technique used in the research uses agic analyzing technique. This research makes a significant contribution to understanding and improving the application of illocutionary speech acts in debate texts. The results of this research, there is some data that covers the aspects of illocutionary speech acts in debate texts. The data contains expressive, directive, assertive, declarative, and commissive illocutionary speech act categories totaling 34 data. It is concluded that the application of illocutionary speech acts can be identified and classified in speech acts that are adjusted to the category. The benefit of this research is as a source of knowledge to deepen the science of pragmatics in illocutionary speech acts.

In 2013 the 2013 Curriculum was implemented which changed the assessment of students both in terms of knowledge, attitudes and skills. One of the focuses of the 2013 curriculum is authentic assessment. Based on the results of observations and interviews that researchers conducted with several teachers, many teachers experienced difficulties in conducting authentic assessments in the 2013 curriculum, namely teachers felt that Authentic Assessment was too complicated because there were too many aspects to be assessed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difficulties of teachers in implementing authentic assessment in the 2013 Curriculum, describe teacher constraints and efforts made by teachers. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data collection techniques used are document studies, observations, and interviews. The results showed that teachers still have difficulty in implementing authentic assessments of the 2013 curriculum, in this case teachers have difficulty

Pragmatics is a language study that examines the speaker's intentions. If someone speaks positive speech, the speaker can also have a positive impact on what the speaker conveys, and vice versa. Speech acts have many types, one of which is directive and expressive speech acts. Directive speech acts are speech acts that can cause the speaker to carry out commands or directions from the speaker. These speech acts are also called impositive speech acts. Expressive speech acts are speech acts that express an action or psychological statement from the speaker, which can be in the form of joy, likes or dislikes, and sadness. The aim of this research is to describe directive speech acts and expressive speech acts, to know the functional categories of directive speech acts and expressive speech acts, to make it easier to understand the expressed and implied meaning, to know the difference between directive speech acts and expressive speech acts in book lecture texts. Indonesian language class In the Lecture Texts in the 2013 High School Class 11 Indonesian Language Teaching Material Book, the 2013 Curriculum is dominated by the type of directive speech acts (TTD), totaling 17 speech acts, and expressive speech acts (TTE), totaling 16 speech acts. This research is useful as learning material in the scientific field and also as a forum so that students can easily grasp and understand the meaning and meaning conveyed in a writing by the author and are able to hone their skills in analyzing directive speech acts and expressive speech acts.

Every day, humans are involved in communication using language. During the communication process, everyone in language is always related to factors that affect the smoothness of communication. Communication can never be separated from the name of speech acts, and to state something is called locutionary speech acts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the various locutionary speech acts contained in the narrative excerpts of historical novels contained in Indonesian language textbooks intended for Class XII Curriculum 2013. The research method used is a descriptive approach with qualitative analysis. The data used are narrative excerpts of historical novels from Indonesian language textbooks intended for grade XII students. Among the identified locutionary speech acts, statement speech acts are the most frequently used, with command speech acts and question speech acts also present. Through this research, a deeper understanding of the use of locutionary speech acts in narrative excerpts of historical novels contained in Indonesian language textbooks for class XII of the 2013 curriculum is obtained. This study are expected to serve as a guideline for developing Indonesian teaching materials that are more effective and relevant.

In 2013 the 2013 Curriculum was implemented which changed the assessment of students both in terms of knowledge, attitudes and skills. One of the focuses of the 2013 curriculum is authentic assessment. Based on the results of observations and interviews that researchers conducted with several teachers, many teachers experienced difficulties in conducting authentic assessments in the 2013 curriculum, namely teachers felt that Authentic Assessment was too complicated because there were too many aspects to be assessed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difficulties of teachers in implementing authentic assessment in the 2013 Curriculum, describe teacher constraints and efforts made by teachers. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The data collection techniques used are document studies, observations, and interviews. The results showed that teachers still have difficulty in implementing authentic assessments of the 2013 curriculum, in this case teachers have difficulty

The 2013 curriculum focuses on developing students' knowledge, understanding, abilities, values, attitudes and interests, with the aim of enabling them to apply this knowledge in a practical way. At the same time, it encourages independent learning based on each student's abilities, while providing opportunities for the development of character and important skills. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach using a literature study review. This research aims to determine the differences between the 2013 Curriculum and the Merdeka Curriculum in various aspects, including characteristics, objectives, competencies, assessment methods and roles. The findings of this research can help the government choose a more effective curriculum for students, thereby optimizing the learning process for their future. Based on the research we conducted, we have drawn conclusions and provided recommendations to the government, emphasizing the need for well-developed policies, thorough outreach, and comprehensive teacher training before implementing curriculum changes. In the end, it is the teacher who will be directly involved with students in the learning process.    

: The condition of Indonesian education which until now has not yet found its identity. Curriculum changes have continued to be made until now we have arrived at the independent learning curriculum. Various problems even began to be felt. This research is based on the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum and the 2013 curriculum for teachers at Kunciran 2 Elementary School, what problems teachers face and how to overcome them. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach, and data collection techniques are interviews, observation and documentation. The results of data analysis showed that teachers' problems in implementing the Merdeka curriculum and curriculum13 lie in the planning of learning implementation, planning and assessment of learning. The aim of this research is to find out the problems found in textbooks at Kunciran 2 Elementary School. So that we can find out what problems occur and the need for evaluation.    

The purpose of this study was to determine the development process, the feasibility of teaching materials, and students' responses to printed teaching materials. This study uses the ADDIE development model. Limited trials in this study were carried out on 23 grade VI students at SDN Trawas 1 Mojokerto. The data collection technique was carried out using a review test, a validation test on several experts and a student response questionnaire. The results of this study show the feasibility of the content of the material by 87% with very feasible criteria, presentation feasibility of 83% with very feasible criteria, language feasibility of 88% with very feasible criteria, and graphic feasibility of 80% with feasible criteria, as well as the results of the response questionnaire students by 93% with very good criteria  

This research discusses efforts to introduce cognitive learning theory into the 2013 curriculum in the educational environment. Her research focus is on understanding how key principles of cognitive learning theory, including concepts such as information processing, knowledge construction, and the development of higher-order thinking skills, can be integrated into new curriculum structures. Research methods include analysis of official 2013 curriculum documents, interviews with teachers, and observation of classroom learning practices. The results show that although real efforts have been made to adopt the principles of cognitive learning theory, their implementation still faces certain challenges. Limited resources, teacher understanding of cognitive concepts, and adaptation of learning materials are several important factors that influence successful implementation. Therefore, this research provides recommendations for improving teacher training, adapting learning materials, and increasing resource support so that the 2013 curriculum more effectively achieves students' cognitive learning goals.

Curriculum is the most important thing in education because curriculum is a guide and reference for the implementation of education. A good curriculum is a dynamic curriculum which is a curriculum that appropriate to the times and global conditions so that the curriculum will continue to change. The curriculum change process is a complicated process and requires preparation from various aspects. In the process of changing Kurikulum 2013 to Kurikulum Merdeka, school readiness is required, for example, the aspect of developing facilities and infrastructure. Facilities and infrastructure are very important in educational activities because they will really support students in learning.

The independent curriculum is a restoration of the 2013 curriculum which was previously implemented in educational institutions in Indonesia. Currently, the restoration of the curriculum to an independent curriculum is due to the need for students to be able to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. With advances in technology, of course the role of an independent curriculum is also very important to collaborate in improving the quality of education in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to find out the role of technology as supporting the success of implementing an independent curriculum in schools, apart from that it also wants to see what are the obstacles to collaborative technological progress in the education system. This research that uses qualitative descriptive analysis produces detailed and clear analysis. In collecting data, researchers use library research by looking at various sources that are relevant to the research. The data analysis technique goes through several steps, namely data collection carried out by researchers by grouping data arranged in narrative form, then data reduction, namely collecting important data from the information found and in accordance with the problem topic, then presenting the data with narrative explanations that are strengthened from the study. literature, and finally draw conclusions.

Every activity is bound to be presented with obstacles, this research describes the obstacles to the solutions suggested by the researchers. Based on the research results, extracurricular activities are divided into 2 (two) parts, namely mandatory and optional extracurricular activities. This is in the Minister of Education and Culture Regulation Number 63 of 2014 concerning extracurricular activities in educational units. One of the extracurricular activities that must be implemented at every level is the Scout Education extracurricular as implemented in the 2013 curriculum. Scout Education plays a role as a vehicle for complementary activities in the learning process with the aim of forming and developing student character. In the implementation of Scout Education extracurricular activities there are 3 (three) models, namely the Block Model, Actualization Model and Regular Model. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative method, namely the research results are presented descriptively.