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This study aims to determine the efforts to develop character through ro'an (mutual cooperation) actions at the Walisongo Sukajadi Islamic Boarding School. The problem is that in the Islamic boarding school there is a ro'an tradition, namely the tradition of mutual cooperation of students in carrying out the mandate of the boarding school caretaker. The Wali Songo Islamic Boarding School is one of the salafiyyah boarding schools in Central Lampung which has two ro'an traditions, namely monthly or grand ro'an and daily ro'an. Daily ro'an is a ro'an that is specifically carried out by students nderek ndalem or nderek kyai. Through this tradition, the boarding school caretaker tries to instill a character of responsibility and honesty in students. This study is a qualitative study where the researcher provides descriptive data in the form of words, pictures, and not values. Data were obtained from observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed (1) The implementation of ro'an activities at the Wali Songo Islamic Boarding School went well. The implementation of ro'an is divided into two activities, namely ro'an carried out by some students and ro'an carried out by all students. Daily ro'an is carried out by the nderek students and is carried out by coordinating between students so that all work entrusted can be completed properly; (2) Instilling a character of responsibility in students through ro'an, including by giving mandates, giving direction, input, and motivation. Meanwhile, instilling an honest character includes getting students used to being honest in everything they do, and giving students trust; (3) The results of ro'an activities in instilling a character of responsibility make students more responsible in carrying out everything they do. Meanwhile, the impact of ro'an activities in instilling an honest character is that students are used to being honest in everything they do.

This study aims to improve the mathematical subtraction calculation ability of class I-A students of SDN 104202 Bandar Setia through the puzzle playing method. The problem in this study is low mathematics learning outcomes. The method used in the study is Classroom Action Research (CAR) as many as 2 cycles. The subjects of this study were class 1-A students at elementary school SDN 104202 Bandar Setia Jl. Terusan Dusun V Bandar Khalipah, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, 2024/2025 Academic Year, totaling 27 students consisting of 10 female students and 17 male students. Classroom Action Research (CAR) improves students' subtraction calculation ability by using the mathematical puzzle playing method of class 1 SDN 104202 Bandar Setia, it can be concluded as follows: "The application of the mathematical puzzle playing method in class 1-A SDN 104202 Bandar Setia which is proven by an increase in research results in each cycle. Assessment of achievement in mathematics learning subtraction in cycle I with an average of 69.25, percentage of completion 69%, and in cycle II began to show an increase with an average value of 90.74 percentage of completion 90%. The results also show that this classroom action research achieved the specified completion indicator, namely completion above 90% .

The Jingling Button Type Cooperative Learning Model is a learning model whose main objective is to achieve equal learning opportunities for each student so that students become more active in the learning process. This research aims to determine the effect of the rattling button type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes in thermochemical material at SMA Negeri 2 Tenggarong Seberang. The research population was all students of class XI MIPA SMA Negeri 2 Tenggarong Seberang. Sampling used a cluster random sampling technique, so that the research samples were obtained, namely class XI MIPA 2 students and class XI MIPA 3 students. Student learning outcomes were obtained from posttest scores and daily tests. The data analysis techniques used are normality test, homogeneity test and t test. The results of the analysis of the data obtained show that the average learning outcome score for experimental class students is 82.65, which is higher than the average learning outcome score for control class students, which is 72.62. Based on the results of the data analysis that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the application of the rattling button type cooperative learning model has a better influence on student learning outcomes at SMA Negeri 2 Tenggarong Seberang on Thermochemistry material.

This research aims to determine the application of the jigsaw type cooperative learning model to fifth grade students at Hasanuddin Elementary School, Medan Helvetia, in the mathematics subject of integers. This type of research uses PTK (Classroom Action Research). The subjects in this research were all 30 fifth grade students at Hasanuddin Elementary School, consisting of 13 men and 17 women. Meanwhile, the object of this researcher is to improve student learning outcomes in mathematics subjects covering integers. We can observe data on the comprehension abilities of class V students in classes using the Jigsaw model in table 1, then the data is analyzed using the SPSS version 25.0 application. The results of data analysis show that the learning outcomes in class V using the Jigsaw model obtained a class average score of 83.30. The average value of students' mathematical understanding was classified as good, followed by the highest score obtained by class V students at Hasanudin Elementary School was 100. 00 and the lowest value is 63.00. Based on data processing on the mathematical understanding ability of fifth grade students at Hasanuddin Elementary School using the Jigsaw model, it is known that 3 students got scores in the range of 56-70 (medium category) or 10.0% of the entire sample, 14 students got scores in the range. 71-85 (good category) or 46.7% of the entire sample, and 13 students got scores in the range of 86-100 (very good category) or 43.3% of the entire sample.

The Professional Strengthening Program for Teachers (P2K) implemented at SD Muhammadiyah 2 Maros aims to improve students' teaching skills through a practical approach. This classroom action research (CAR) focuses on the application of the STAD (Student Teams Achievement Divisions) cooperative learning model to improve the early reading skills of grade I students. The learning process is carried out in two cycles that include planning, implementing actions, observation, and reflection. The results of the study indicate that the use of letter card media is effective in increasing active student participation, learning interest, and student learning outcomes, as indicated by an increase in the average score from the first cycle to the second cycle. This study emphasizes the importance of innovation in learning strategies, especially through the use of simple interactive media, to overcome the challenges of student heterogeneity at the elementary school level.

The enhancement of student learning outcomes is a primary goal of various innovations in teaching methods. This study systematically reviews the effectiveness of cooperative learning methods, specifically Jigsaw Learning and Numbered Heads Together (NHT), in improving student learning outcomes. Using a systematic literature review approach, the research analyzes twelve studies published between 2019 and 2025 that compare these two methods. The findings indicate that both Jigsaw Learning and NHT possess unique strengths; Jigsaw Learning fosters deep understanding through collaborative expertise, while NHT promotes active participation through structured discussions. Despite some studies showing no significant differences in effectiveness, others highlight context-dependent advantages of each method. The implications suggest that educators should consider the specific learning objectives and student characteristics when selecting or combining these methods to optimize educational outcomes.

Inappropriate learning models and lack of student interest and attention to physics learning result in unsatisfactory learning outcomes. The purpose of the study was to determine how the effect of Cooperative Learning model type Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) on student learning outcomes. The research method used is meta-analysis, data collection for this research by reviewing and browsing online articles. The results of the study found that the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) type Cooperative learning model obtained an overall average effect size of 1.61, which means that the STAD type Cooperative learning model can influence student learning outcomes in Physics subjects. Learning material that is very influential in the application of the STAD type is Circular Motion as seen from the effect size value which is in the high category with a value of 8.81. The grade level that obtained a high category in applying the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) type learning model was SMK class X with an effect size value of 2.2.

This study explores the implementation of the Jigsaw method, a cooperative learning strategy, in a junior high school setting and its impact on student motivation. The aim is to investigate how the Jigsaw method affects students’ motivation to learn, especially in the context of science learning. Active student participation in the learning process is emphasized in the Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Method. A literature review is the research methodology used, with an emphasis on sources released in the last ten years to ensure validity and relevance. Articles, books, dissertations, and research reports discussing the Jigsaw approach and its impact on junior high school students’ motivation are good places to find these sources. The findings indicate that the Jigsaw method significantly increases student engagement and motivation. Students are divided into diverse groups where each member learns a specific section of the material, the Jigsaw method encourages collaboration and peer teaching, which are essential for developing social skills and a sense of responsibility among students. This confirms that the Jigsaw method is a viable strategy for improving student motivation and learning outcomes in a junior high school setting.  

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the implementation of the Cooperative Learning Model Learning Together Type on the Learning Outcomes of Grade IV Students in the Science Subject of SDN Sambirejo No. 148 Surakarta in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. This research is a quantitative study using the experimental method of One Group Pre-Test Post-Test Design. The population and sample in this study were grade IV students of SD Negeri Sambirejo Surakarta totaling 28 students. The sampling technique used was the saturated sample technique (census technique). Data collection techniques in the form of observation, testing, and documentation. The test was carried out twice with the aim of determining the changes that occurred before and after the treatment was given. The instrument trial or tryout was conducted at SD Negeri Sondakan Surakarta using 30 questions. The results of the trial were analyzed using validity and reliability tests. The results of the validity test showed 20 questions that were declared valid and 10 questions that were declared invalid. The data analysis technique was in the form of a prerequisite test using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov formula and a hypothesis test with the Paired Sample T-Test formula. Based on the results of the data analysis that has been done, the average value of the PreTest of students was 55.35 while the average value of the PostTest of students was 64.64. The results of the statistical test with the Paired Sample T-Test showed that the significance value (2-tailed) was 0.000 <0.05. The conclusion of this study states that there is a significant influence of the implementation of the Cooperative Learning Model Learning Together Type on the Learning Outcomes of Grade IV Students in the Science Subject of SDN Sambirejo No. 148 Surakarta.

Social Studies (IPS) is a program in a lesson that has a scientific field so it is also called a scientific discipline. Social studies also has its own perspective that is integrated from all other subjects and also has a very broad discussion of human behavior that can be studied in detail and studied in depth. Basically social studies has a combination of a number of other subjects, for that social studies is a new field of study, which is then introduced to students. Of all social studies also has basic concepts that must know. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to describe the learning planning, and implementation of learning through cooperative learning model type NHT (Numbered Head Together) that can improve the basic skills of social studies and learning outcomes of classroom students. The method used in this research is Action Research. The results of this study showed an increase in each cycle 1- 3 namely; The value of learning planning becomes very good. The value of teacher performance in learning becomes very good. The achievement of basic social studies skills in students, namely, skillful reached 87%, which means that of the 8 indicators has been achieved as a whole. Increased student learning outcomes, for cycle 1 students who completed reached 20 of the total students, for cycle 2 students who completed reached 26 of the total students and cycle 3 students who completed reached 34.

Cooperative learning is an approach that has been proven effective in increasing student engagement and collaboration skills. Although it offers many advantages, its implementation often faces various challenges faced by both teachers and students. These challenges include differences in ability between students in a group, lack of active participation from some students, dominance of certain students in discussions, and difficulties in evaluating learning outcomes fairly. In addition, low student motivation and limited time and technology are also obstacles in implementing cooperative learning. To overcome these problems, it is important for teachers to manage groups well, develop leadership skills among students, and implement fair assessments both individually and in groups. Effective use of technology and ongoing training for teachers are also essential to support the success of cooperative learning.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of applying the cooperative learning model of the TGT type with the aid of Educaplay in improving students' learning outcomes in the IPAS subject. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) was conducted at SDN Jajar Tunggal III Surabaya. The learning outcomes of the IPAS topic on Diseases Affecting the Musculoskeletal System during the pre-cycle, cycle I, and cycle II showed a significant improvement. In the pre-cycle, the mastery achieved was only 29%, with 8 students reaching mastery and 20 students not yet achieving it. In cycle I, the percentage of students reaching mastery rose to 61%, with 17 students achieving mastery and 11 students still not reaching it. In cycle II, the percentage of students achieving mastery soared to 86%. These data indicate that both cycles successfully improved students' learning outcomes by applying the TGT cooperative learning model with the help of Educaplay.

The objective of this research is to enhance the academic performance of Grade III students at SDN Margomulyo 1 Ngawi in the subject of animal life cycle by implementing a cooperative learning approach using Montessori media. The study methodology used is classroom action research (CAR) consisting of two cycles. During the first phase, the assessment of student learning outcomes revealed a limited level of proficiency, as just 44% of students successfully attained the desired learning goals. Following the implementation of the cooperative learning paradigm using Montessori media in the second cycle, there was a notable improvement, with 88% of students attaining mastery and an average score rise of 82%. This research provides evidence that the collaborative learning approach, along with Montessori media, is successful in improving students' comprehension and academic achievements in the subject of animal life cycles.

This study aims to determine the differences in student learning achievement between the control class and the experimental class, and to determine the effect of the Integrated Cooperative Script Al-Quran Learning Method on the Concept of the Reproductive System on the Learning Outcomes of Class XI Students of SMAS Al-Washliyah 3 Medan. The method used is an experiment whose implementation uses a quasi-experiment type with a nonequivalent control group design. The study population consisted of 48 students, namely class XI IPA-1 totaling 26 students and class XI IPA-2 totaling 22 students. Less than ideal results were observed for learning outcomes in the control class when the Cooperative Script Learning Method was not integrated with the Qur'an. An average of 78.6 describes the learning objectives. The Cooperative Script Learning Method Integrated with the Qur'an resulted in an increase in learning outcomes in the experimental class. The average (85.7), mode (87) and median (87), maximum value (97), and lowest value (75) all indicate learning outcomes. At a 5% error rate, the calculation of the independent sample t-test revealed that t table < t count (3.07 > 2.01). The experimental class had a higher percentage increase from pretest to posttest (85.15%) compared to the control class (77.98%). Therefore, the implementation of the Cooperative Script learning approach effectively contributed 55% of the total. Thus, it can be said that the learning outcomes of the experimental class that utilized the Integrated Cooperative Script Al-Quran Learning Method and the learning outcomes of the control class that used the Non-Integrated Cooperative Script Al-Quran Learning Method were significantly different.

Employing the syntax of the Cooperative Education Model more especially, the School Teams Achievement Departments (STAD) type this study intends to enhance students' learning results. There are three phases to this study's methodology, which is based on Classroom Action Research (CAR): pre-cycle, cycle 1, and cycle 2. Participating in this study were 37 students in their last year of high school at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya in 2023–2024. Students' mathematical learning outcomes show a substantial improvement, according to the data. With each cycle, students' performance improved. Mastery was attained by 32.4% of students in the pre-cycle, 43.2% in cycle I, and 62.1% in cycle 2. This research provides strong evidence that the STAD type of collaborative education model improves students' performance in eleventh grade.  

This research aims to increase interest in learning and critical thinking of class The background to this research is because students' low interest in learning, especially in learning mathematics. In the learning process, a student's interest in learning plays an important role in the teaching and learning process, because if students have low interest in learning, it will be difficult for them to receive knowledge from the teacher, so that learning outcomes will be less effective. This research uses the Classroom Action research method (PTK) which consists of two cycles. The techniques used for data collection are: planning, implementing actions, observing and evaluating and reflecting. Before that, initial observations were carried out in order to find out information or characteristics of students. The results of the research show that the PBL type cooperative learning model was applied to matrix material for class XI students at SMA Negeri 21 Surabaya. This can be seen from the increase in implementation results, observation and reflection.  Students' learning activities experienced a significant increase in cycle two compared to cycle one. By learning using the PBL method, it is possible for students to more easily understand the material because it relates to problems around them and with discussions students can work together and help each other if they experience problems. Apart from that, this method can also help develop their critical thinking and communication skills.  

This study aims to describe the improvement of the ability to analyze facts and opinions in argumentation text of students of class XI TEK 2 SMK Negeri 5 Surabaya, as well as to describe the effectiveness of cooperative learning model in class XI TEK 2 SMK Negeri 5 Surabaya. This type of research is a class action research (PTK). This class action research was conducted in class XI TEK 2 of SMK Negeri 5 Surabaya in semester 1 of 2024/2025 academic year. The subjects of this study were students of class XI TEK 2 consisting of 31 students; 24 male students and 7 female students. Data collection techniques using direct observation and test methods. Based on the results and discussion, the following conclusions can be drawn. (1) There was an increase in the learning outcomes of students in class XI TEK 2 in learning to analyze facts and opinions in argumentation text. The increase in student learning outcomes was 37.5. In addition, the increase in learning outcomes did not only occur in students who had not met the minimum score in cycle I, but also in 4 groups at once. Even as many as three groups achieved maximum learning outcomes. (2) Cooperative learning model is effective in learning to analyze facts and opinions in argumentation text. The cooperative learning model encourages learners to actively discuss to determine facts and opinions in argumentation text in groups.

This study was conducted by looking at the low learning outcomes of class X-2 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya in the previous material, namely SPLTV. This study was conducted with the aim of improving students' mathematics learning outcomes in the quadratic equation material by implementing a cooperative learning model of the team games tournament (TGT) type using the help of wordwall. This study is included in classroom action research which is carried out in two cycles. The subjects of the study used were 36 class X-2 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. The research data were obtained through pretest, observation, and posttest. The analysis data from the pretest and posttest results were in the form of quantitative data which would be used to determine the increase in student learning outcomes. While the analysis data from the observation results in the form of qualitative data were used as a guideline to improve and perfect learning activities from cycle I to cycle II. Based on the results of the study that has been carried out, it shows that implementing a cooperative learning model of the team games tournament (TGT) type using the help of wordwall on the quadratic equation material can improve the learning outcomes of class X-2 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. The classical completeness of the pretest cycle I was 44.4%. After the implementation of the TGT type cooperative learning model, there was an increase to 77.8% in the posttest of cycle I. In cycle II, it increased again to 94.6% with a classical completion target of 85%.

The success of the learning process is highly desired in school education. One of the key factors in achieving success is the teacher's selection of appropriate methods for delivering the lesson material in class, which contributes to students' learning outcomes. In mathematics instruction, particularly on the topic of Statistics in class X-7 at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya, the results have been unsatisfactory, with an average score of 59 for the 2023/2024 academic year. Therefore, improvement is needed through the implementation of the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) cooperative learning model. The subjects of this study are students of class X-7 at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya for the 2023/2024 academic year, consisting of 36 students. This study involves a mathematics teacher and an observer. The data collection tools used include formative tests, observation sheets for the teacher, students, and group discussion activities, as well as reflection questionnaires on the learning process. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the application of the TAI cooperative learning model can improve the learning outcomes of class X-7 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya on the topic of Statistics. This study is expected to encourage teachers to implement the TAI cooperative learning model in Statistics to enhance students' learning outcomes in Mathematics.

Through classroom action research conducted in two cycles, this study aims to improve the understanding of grade IX-I students of SMP Negeri 13 Surabaya on the material of main ideas and supporting ideas of descriptive texts by implementing the TPS cooperative learning model. The results of the study showed a significant increase in student understanding after the implementation of the Think Pair Share learning model. In the pre-cycle, the average student test score was 65. After cycle I, the average score increased to 78, indicating an increase of 20%. In cycle II, the average score reached 85, or an increase of 9% from cycle I. This increase is indicated by the increasing number of students who can correctly identify the main idea and supporting ideas of descriptive texts. In addition, student activeness in discussing and giving opinions also increased significantly. This shows that the Think Pair Share cooperative learning model is effective in improving students' understanding of the main idea and supporting ideas of descriptive texts.