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Biodiversity is an essential learning source in biology education, providing contextual and meaningful experiences for students. This study aims to explore the integration of biodiversity as a contextual learning source within the biology curriculum. The research employs a qualitative approach through literature studies and case studies in selected schools. Findings indicate that utilizing biodiversity in learning enhances students' ecological awareness, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Moreover, it fosters a sense of environmental responsibility. The study highlights the importance of developing instructional strategies that effectively integrate local biodiversity into the curriculum. These findings have significant implications for curriculum designers and educators in promoting contextual and sustainable biology learning.

Marriage or Marriage is a very strong contract (misaqon ghalidzan) to justify a sexual relationship between a man and a woman for the sake of realizing a happy family life, which is filled with a sense of peace and affection according to the rules approved by Allah.  In legal research, there are two types of research, namely normative (doctrinal) research and empirical research. The type of research used in preparing this thesis is a combination of normative (doctrinal) research and empirical research. The location for data collection in this research was at the Lubuk Pakam Religious Court, Jalan Mahoni No.3 Komp. Deli Serdang Regency Government Offices. The technique of designating a word that is abstract and not manifested in objects, but its use can only be seen through: questionnaires, interviews, observations, exams (tests), documentation, etc. The data analysis technique used in this legal research uses qualitative analysis Based on research results, the factors that cause divorce fall into various categories such as adultery, drunkenness, madness, gambling, leaving one of the parties, prison law, polygamy, domestic violence (KDRT), constant disputes and quarrels, apostasy, and economic problems. In resolving divorce case Number 1255/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Lpk at the Lubuk Pakam Religious Court, the Panel of Judges put forward in-depth legal considerations in deciding the divorce case between Kiki Andriani Binti Giarno (Plaintiff) and Juliandi Nasution Bin Sabran Nasution (Defendant) . The following is a comprehensive explanation of the considerations made by the Panel of Judges in the decision-making process: Based on the process of resolving divorce cases, this shows how the legal system functions to handle domestic disputes by considering various legal factors and relevant facts. So it can be concluded that the factors causing divorce at the Lubuk Pakam Religious Court. In this research, an analysis of the divorce case decision at the Lubuk Pakam Religious Court with Number 1255/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Lpk between Kiki Andriani Binti Giarno as the Plaintiff and Juliandi Nasution Bin Sabran Nasution as Defendant. Based on this decision, there are several main factors that led to the divorce, which reflect the dynamics of the couple's domestic life and are relevant in the general context of divorce at the Lubuk Pakam Religious Court. Considerations of the Panel of Judges in Settlement of Divorce Cases at the Lubuk Pakam Religious Court. The decision emphasizes the importance of being present in the legal process and the effectiveness of mediation as an effort to resolve disputes. About the process of resolving divorce cases (Religious Court Decision Case Study Number: 1255/Pdt.G/2023) settlement process This divorce case shows how the legal system functions to handle domestic disputes by considering various legal factors and relevant facts.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Problem Solving learning model on student learning activity in Christian Religious Education and Character Education in class X of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The method used in this study uses a quantitative research method. The population is all Protestant Christian students in class X of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year, totaling 271 people and 41 people were determined as research respondents, namely 15% of the population. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 50 items. The results of the data analysis show that there is an influence of the Problem Solving learning model on the learning activity of students in Christian Religious Education and Character Education in class X of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy value = 0.548> rtable ( = 0.05, n = 41) = 0.308 thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount value = 4.089> ttable ( = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 39) = 2.021 thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation Y ̂="42","64"+0.84X. b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 30%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fcount > Ftable = ( = 0.05, df numerator k = 15, df denominator = n-2 = 41-2 = 39) which is 16.70 > 1.92. Thus Ha, namely there is an influence of the Problem Solving learning model on the learning activity of students in Christian Religious Education and Character Education in class X of SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon in the 2024/2025 Academic Year is accepted and H0 is rejected.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of communication and organizational culture on employee performance through motivation as a mediating variable. This study is quantitative. The sample in this study amounted to 55 respondents based on purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted using a test tool in the form of SmartPLS 4.0. The results of the study indicate that communication and organizational culture have a positive and significant effect on employee performance through motivation as a mediating variable.

This study aims to analyze the extent of the use of ICT in Islamic religious education learning, what are the obstacles and constraints faced and how the YouTube application contributes as an additional learning resource to the understanding of students. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. This research was conducted at MDTA Ilyas Al-Fath where students in grade 1 were the subjects of this study. The data collection method used observation, interviews and literature studies. The qualitative data analysis was carried out through the approach of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed that the implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), especially infocus, laptops, and the YouTube application in Islamic Religious Education learning at MDTA Ilyas Al-Fath has been effective. This is manifested in the implementation carried out through learning through videos of ablution procedures and prayer movements and readings that are implemented. Furthermore, the teachers directly teach students to do what they have seen to then be practiced in real life. The obstacles or constraints faced include the difficulty of teachers in managing student discipline, uneven knowledge of students and infrastructure conditions that are not yet fully adequate. Meanwhile, external obstacles include parents who are still less attentive and environmental conditions that affect the discipline of students in applying what they have learned. The implementation of ICT using the help of the YouTube application has produced real contributions. This can make it easier for teachers and students. In terms of making it easier for teachers because with the help of ICT, learning can be carried out efficiently so that it is possible to apply theoretically and practically to students.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of PAK teachers' social competence on the morality of class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Laguboti for the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this research uses quantitative, descriptive and inferential research methods. The population, namely all Protestant Christian students in class VII of SMP Negeri 1 Laguboti for the 2024/2025 academic year, totaled 199 people and a sample of 50 people was determined, namely 25% of the population using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 40 items. The results of data analysis show that there is an influence of the social competence of PAK teachers on the morality of class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Laguboti for the 2024/2025 academic year: 1) Test the analysis requirements: a) positive relationship test obtained by the value rxy = 0,433 > rtabel(=0,05,n=50) = 0,297 thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained a value of thitung= 3,333 > ttabel(=0,05,dk=n-2=48)= 2,021 thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) Test the effect: a) Test the regression equation, obtained the regression equation =46,75+0,26X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 18,8%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fhitung > Ftabel=(=0,05), dk numerator k=20,dk denominator=n-2=50-2=48) namely 11,08 > 1,51. Thus, Ha, that is, there is an influence of the social competence of PAK teachers on the morality of class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Laguboti for the 2024/2025 academic year is accepted and H0 is rejected.

The purpose of this study was to develop and produce effective image media on the material of loving others like loving oneself in Christian Religious Education and Character Education learning for grade IV elementary school Merdeka Curriculum. This study uses a development method with the ADDIE approach model. The research location in North Tapanuli Regency consists of Elementary School 173290 Butar, Pagaran District, Elementary School 173291 Butar, Pagaran District, Elementary School 173292 Butar, Pagaran District, Elementary School 178492 Pagarbatu, Elementary School 174573 Hutaraja. The study was conducted in May - August 2024. Data collection used a validation questionnaire and a response questionnaire. The validation questionnaire was used for language expert lecturers, media experts, and material experts. The response questionnaire was used for PAK teachers for grade IV elementary school and grade IV elementary school students totaling 11 elementary school students for small groups and 76 students for large groups. The data analysis used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study are in the form of image media products of loving others like loving oneself in the subject of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for grade IV of elementary school, Merdeka curriculum. The results of the study indicate that the products made are valid and suitable to be used as learning media. The assessment is based on validation experts, teachers, and students, namely language experts obtained an assessment percentage of 100% (very valid), material experts 100% (very valid), media experts 100% (very valid), religious teachers 96% (very valid) and finally students in small groups obtained results of 96.9% (very good) and large groups 96.36% (very good).

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of the teaching style of Christian Religious Education and Character Education teachers on the learning motivation of class Xl students at SMA Negeri 1 Siborong-borong, North Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this research uses quantitative descriptive inferential research methods. The population was all students who were Protestant Christians in class Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 35 items. The results of data analysis show that there is an influence of the teaching style of Christian Religious Education and Character Education teachers on the learning motivation of class rxy value = 0.494 > rtable(a=0.05,n=50) = 0.279, thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable .05,dk=n-2=48)= 2.021, thus there is a significant relationship between variable .81X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 24.4%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(a=0.05, dk numerator k=15, dk denominator=n-2=50-2=48) namely 15.45 > 1.92. Thus, Ha, that is, there is an influence of the teaching style of Christian Religious Education and Character Education teachers on the learning motivation of class.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Think Pair Share learning model on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class XI students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The research hypothesis is that there is an effect of the Think Pair Share learning model on the learning activity of Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class XI students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. This research method is the Quasi Experimental Design method using the Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population of all class XI students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year who are Protestant Christians is 159 students and is divided into 5 classes. The research sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique, namely 30 students in class XI-4 as an experimental class using the Think Pair Share learning model and 33 students in class XI-2 as a control class using the usual treatment (conventional class). The research instrument was a closed questionnaire consisting of 30 items. The research questionnaire data was analyzed using the average difference test formula (N-Gain Score). The average pretest and posttest scores at the first and second meetings of the experiment were 3.06 and 3.77, and for the first and second meetings of the pretest and posttest in the control class were 2.75 and 3.00. So the overall average score of the experimental class is 0.7570 in the high category. The overall average score for the control class is 0.1930 in the low category. Then the t-test obtained a value of t count = 14.170> t table (α = 0.05; df = 61) = 2.000, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The study concluded that there is an influence of the Think Pair Share learning model on the activeness of learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class XI students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year.

The research aims to determine the positive influence of video learning media on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Harian Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive influence between video learning media on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Harian Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. Descriptive quantitative research method. The population of all class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Harian Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians is 40 people and are also research respondents, therefore this research is a population research. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value of rcount=0.567>rtable=0.312 shows that there is a positive relationship between video learning media and student motivation to learn Christian Religious Education and Character. b) Regression equation. c) The determination test shows that the magnitude of the effect is 32.15%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=17.907>Ftable=3.23 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive influence of video learning media on the learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Harian Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year.

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the index card match learning model on the learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Lumut, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the index card match learning model on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Lumut, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year. Descriptive and inferential quantitative research methods. The population of all class The sample was random (random sampling) namely 25% from each class, namely 34 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value rcount=0.590 which is included in the strong category>rtabel=0.339 and tcount=4.134>ttable=2.03693 shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the index card match learning model and motivation to learn Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class b) Regression equation. c) The determination test revealed that the magnitude of the effect was 34.81%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=17.191>Ftable=3.32 so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the index card match learning model on the learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of class XI students at SMK Negeri 1 Lumut, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2024/2025 academic year.  

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between Parental Cooperation and Christian Religious Education Teachers in Increasing Interest in Learning PAK of Grade XI Students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant relationship between Parental Cooperation and Christian Religious Education Teachers in Increasing Interest in Learning PAK of Grade XI Students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. This study uses a quantitative descriptive inferential approach, with a population of 159 people and a sample of 32 people, which is 20% of the population. Data were collected with a closed questionnaire of 28 items. The results of the analysis show that there is a positive and significant relationship between Parental Cooperation and Christian Religious Education Teachers in Increasing Interest in Learning PAK of Grade XI Students of HKBP Doloksanggul Private High School, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. This is proven by r count > r table of 0.804 > 0.349 and t count > t table of 7.387 > 2.042, thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. So Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.    

The research aims to determine how much influence the application of the Active Learning learning model has on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education for class VII students at SMP Negeri 3 Siborongborong Learning Year 2023/2024. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence of the Active Learning learning model on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education for class VII students at SMP Negeri 3 Siborongborong for the 2023/2024 academic year. Quantitative research method using a Pre-Experimental Design approach in the form of a One Shot Case Study.  The population of all class VII students at SMP Negeri 3 Siborongborong for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians is 109 people. The purposive sampling system was 32 people. The research instrument is a closed number and posttest. The results of data analysis obtained: a) The value of rcount=0.369>r(table(a=0.05,n=32))=0.349 and tcount=2.172 >t(table(a=0.05,dk=n -2=30))=2.042 shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between the Active Learning learning model and students' Christian Religious Education learning outcomes. b) Regression equation Ŷ = 65.81 + 0.17X. c) The determination test revealed that the magnitude of the effect was 13.6%. d) Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=4.575 > Ftable=1.62 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence between the Active Learning learning model on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education for class VII students at SMP Negeri 3 Siborongborong for the 2023/2024 academic year.

The relationship between religious moderation and the first precept of Pancasila is that every religious person believes that the God they worship is One or one, but the general public of Indonesia does not know very well the religion other than the one he adheres to. The problems that arise due to the ignorance of the community make the author interested and motivated to provide an understanding of this through this article. The method used in the study is a qualitative method with a case study approach. Each religion has its own meaning regarding the One Godhead, every religion in Indonesia has similarities regarding the meaning of God Almighty. This concept of divinity is relevant to the First Precept of Pancasila. The first precept of Pancasila as one of the foundations for religious moderation has clearly represented various religions in Indonesia, not just dominating one religion. This shows how Indonesia's ideology.

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character in Class The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of Class XI Students of SMA Negeri 1 Ujung Padang, Simalungun Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. This research is a regression research using Inferential Statistics techniques. The population of all class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Ujung Padang who are Protestant Christians is 138 people. Random sampling (random sampling) is 30% of the total population, namely 40 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. From the determination coefficient test, the value r2 = 0.555 is obtained. From the determination value (r2), it can be seen that the percentage of influence between the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on the Learning Motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character of Class XI Students of SMA Negeri 1 Ujung Padang, Simalungun Regency, Academic Year 2023/ 2024 is 55.5%. The results of the analysis requirements obtained values ​​rxy = 0.745> rtable = 0.312 and tcount = 6.896> ttable = 2.024 showing that there is a relationship between the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) model and Christian Religious Education Learning Motivation and Character Characteristics of Students and obtained a regression equation Ŷ = 19.72 +0.564X. Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=47.55>Ftable=4.09 so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence of the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on the Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character of Class

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dan Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) terhadap hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam siswa kelas V di SDIT Al Hidayah Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen semu dengan pendekatan pretest-posttest control group design, melibatkan dua kelompok eksperimen yang masing-masing diberikan perlakuan berbeda: NHT dan STAD. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai post-test siswa yang diajar dengan model NHT berbasis masalah kontekstual cenderung lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan model STAD. Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa data kelas NHT berdistribusi normal, sementara data kelas STAD tidak berdistribusi normal pada uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov, tetapi berdistribusi normal pada uji Shapiro-Wilk. Analisis uji t menunjukkan bahwa model NHT memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa, sedangkan model STAD tidak. Uji ANOVA juga menegaskan bahwa model NHT secara signifikan mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Kesimpulannya, model pembelajaran NHT berbasis masalah kontekstual lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam siswa dibandingkan dengan model STAD.

Religious moderation, rooted to the Arabic concept "al-wasathiyah", is an important approach to addressing diversity. Its application aims to provide a real-life example of how religious moderation can be manifested in the modern age, and it explains how to reinforce religious moderation in the midst of differing views in Islam. In the village of mulyosari, practicing islamic moderation harmoniously works. The celebration of the glorious hut of mulyosari isa concrete proof, in which all citizens are involved without regard for their religious or islamic organization. This qualitative study presents detailed and narrative results from various perspectives, showing the positive effect of moderate religious application in the mulyosari village. Such activities as communal prayer involving an entire community of diverse religious backgrounds, as well as praying, provide insight into religious moderation and enhance cooperation between islamic organizations

Maintaining the original cultural identity within a multicultural society amidst rapid globalization while remaining open to external changes and influences is a significant challenge. This tension is exacerbated by the impact of information technology, which can disseminate foreign values and ideologies, particularly affecting the youth. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method, involving research that generates descriptive data based on the community's statements that the author investigates. The research aims to describe the phenomena occurring and underscores the need for education to uphold values aligned with national identity and manage cultural diversity wisely to prevent social conflicts. Education plays a crucial role in the process of socialization and individual development, serving not only as a means of transferring knowledge but also in shaping attitudes, values, and positive behaviors within the community. Through education, individuals can become people who appreciate diversity and contribute positively to diverse communities. Multicultural education, which emphasizes the importance of respecting diversity, is key to addressing social and cultural conflicts in Indonesia's diverse society. Additionally, quality education helps individuals adapt to the challenges of globalization while preserving local cultural identity, thus supporting the balance between global openness and the preservation of local values.

The phenomenon of nikah sirri (unregistered marriage) in Indonesia presents critical challenges in family law, particularly concerning the legal status of children born from such unions. This study examines judicial determinations of child origin by the Religious Courts as a legal mechanism to grant civil legitimacy to children from nikah sirri. Using a normative qualitative approach and analyzing two court decisions (No. 0648/Pdt.P/2018/PA.Lmj and No. 1731/Pdt.P/2022/PA.Jr), the research explores how judges consider the principles of justice, legal certainty, and legal utility through the lens of Gustav Radbruch’s legal philosophy. Findings reveal that judicial reasoning in these cases transcends procedural formalism, reflecting an ethical commitment to the holistic protection of children’s rights. The study applies the Maqasid al-Shari’ah framework to evaluate how such rulings align with the five fundamental objectives of Islamic law (protection of life, lineage, property, intellect, and religion). The legal recognition of a child’s nasab and entitlements is shown to fulfill both statutory requirements and Islamic ethical standards of justice. Thus, this research underscores the need to strengthen the synergy between state law and Islamic moral values, positioning the court not merely as a formal legal apparatus, but as a transformative institution in achieving substantive justice in society.

The socialization program "Stop Bullying: Stop the Hate and Let's Spread the Love" is part of the Real Work Lecture (KKN) activities carried out at SMP Negeri 1 Wonotunggal, Wonotunggal Village, Wonotunggal District, Batang Regency. This program aims to increase students' awareness of the dangers of bullying and promote a harmonious friendship environment without violence. Through lecture methods, discussions and interactive activities such as positive affirmation and express yourself sessions, students are encouraged to understand the impact of bullying and how to prevent it. The implementation of the values of religious moderation in this program emphasizes the importance of respecting differences, rejecting violence, and building solidarity among students. The results of this program show active participation from students and support from the school in efforts to prevent bullying, with the hope of creating a safe and comfortable school environment for all students.