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Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the diseases whose prevalence continues to increase in the world, so it can be said that DM has become a problem that needs attention. Indonesia is in 9th position with a total of 563 million sufferers. Central Java Province recorded 647,093 DM sufferers and in Pemalang Regency, DM is ranked first with a total of 18,579 sufferers at the Belik Health Center in Belik District, Pemalang Regency in 2022. The purpose of this study was to analyze the DM disease prevention and control policy program at the Belik Health Center. The Belik Health Center has 2 DM disease management programs, 2 programs, namely the Posbindu (Integrated Development Post) program and the Prolanis (Chronic Disease Management Program). Method: this study is a study with a qualitative method and a case study approach. Results: This study was conducted by means of in-depth interviews and direct observation to the research site, interviews with key informants and triangulation to obtain information related to services and implementation of DM prevention and control programs in the Belik Health Center area.

This study aims to describe and analyze: Governance Capacity of the Jombang Regency Regional Government in the Implementation of the Upper Secondary Education Policy and Factors Inhibiting the Capacity of the Governance Capacity of the Jombang Regency Regional Government in the Implementation of the Upper Secondary Education Policy. The research is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The data analysis technique uses a technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, identifying bases for interpretation, developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that there are 4 (four) factors that affect the Governance Capacity of the Jombang Regency Regional Government in the Implementation of the Upper Secondary Education Policy. First: The communication pattern carried out by the Jombang Education Office is ineffective so that the aspirations and problems that arise cannot be accommodated properly. Second: Resources & Funding, namely the implementer (policy implementer) of the resource aspect shows that Human Resources at the Jombang Regency Education and Culture Office is supported by 266 employees. Third: Implementer Attitude (Dispositions). show a positive attitude and sufficient willingness to carry out a good secondary education program. Fourth: The bureaucratic structure is quite clear, namely the Jombang Regency Education Office, the school and the Board of Education/community leaders, but the bureaucratic procedures are still long. The factors that hinder the implementation of education policies in Jombang Regency are factors that come from within are the existence of facilities and infrastructure, the motivation of teachers and students. Then the factor that comes from outside is the school's accessibility to a variety of sources, both resources and funds

Drug abuse is a serious social problem in Indonesia, including in Mojokerto City. The government, through Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics, has established medical rehabilitation programs as a primary solution for handling drug users. This study aims to analyze the implementation of medical rehabilitation facilities for drug users at the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) of Mojokerto City and identify the challenges faced in its implementation. The findings indicate that the medical rehabilitation program has been carried out through various stages, including detoxification, medical therapy, and psychosocial assistance. However, several obstacles hinder its effectiveness, such as limited human resources and facilities, social stigma against drug users, and suboptimal inter-agency coordination. Therefore, improvements in facilities, medical personnel, and stigma reduction strategies are needed to support the success of rehabilitation programs for drug users.

This study aims to describe and analyze: The Implementation of Regional Regulation 19 of 2022 concerning the Authority of the Civil Service Police Unit in the Control of Street Vendors in Situbondo Regency. 2. The obstacles faced and what solutions have been carried out by the Civil Police in Controlling Street Vendors in Situbondo Regency. The research is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The data analysis technique uses a technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, identifying bases for interpretation, developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that the Pamong Praja Police Unit in controlling Street Vendors in Situbondo Regency Based on article 19 of 2022 article 2 has been running in accordance with its duties and functions. In regulating street vendors, four policy implementation models are Communication Factors, Disposition Resources or Attitudes and Bureaucratic Structures.  The obstacles faced include human resource factors, both in terms of communication skills and approaches, as well as the number of members. The solutions carried out include Improving the Quality and Quantity of Human Resources at Satpol PP. By conducting an intensive coaching program to improve the competence and expertise of Satpol PP members in collaborating with the community to create community security and increase the number of Satpol PP members who are tasked with controlling street vendors. Improve socialization programs to the community and improve themselves by taking a persuasive approach and acting elegantly by not prioritizing arrogance as a security apparatus.

That housing and settlement development by private business entities is compatible with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or can also be called Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a sustainable development agenda initiated and agreed upon by the United Nations. Meanwhile, the construction of houses by individuals or individuals is very inconsistent with the programs or agendas set forth by the national and world governments. Of course, if we examine further, the development carried out by each person is very contrary to "participating in implementing world order" as described in the preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The legal issue of this normative legal research: What is the government's authority in the implementation of housing development? How is the legal protection for people or entities that organize housing development in Law Number 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Residential Areas? The government's authority in the implementation of housing development includes policy regulation, implementation supervision, housing provision facilitation, inter- government coordination, community empowerment, and education. Through this authority, the government seeks to create a decent and sustainable residential environment for all levels of society. Legal protection for persons or entities that organize housing development is comprehensively regulated in Law No. 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Residential Areas. Legal protection includes: 1. Community Rights. 2. Developer's Obligations. 3. Sanctions for Violations. 4. The Role of the Government.

This study aims to describe and analyze: the management of Regional Original Revenue in Regional Revenue of Malang Regency for regional development, the obstacles faced by the Regional Government of Malang Regency in the Management of Regional Original Revenue and the efforts made as well as the recommendations of the PAD management model. The research is descriptive analysis with the type of research being field research. The data analysis technique uses a technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, identifying bases for interpretation, developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that regional financial management in Malang Regency, especially the Regional Original Revenue (PAD) management policy in Malang Regency, has not been fulfilled because the Regional Government of Malang Regency has not made sufficient and adequate contributions or regional revenues have not been in accordance with what is hinted at in the 2023 budget period. Some of the obstacles faced by Malang Regency in managing local revenue are: a. Limited authority in the collection of Regional Original Revenue. b. Human Resources (HR) of government apparatus to support the mastery, utilization and development of science and technology, supporting facilities and infrastructure, especially to provide convenience for taxpayers and in the development of the management of potential and sources of income need to be improved. Efforts made to increase the Regional Revenue of Malang Regency for the implementation of development are as. Intensifying and extensifying regional taxes and regional levies and exploring the potential of regional revenues to be developed by referring to existing laws and regulations

Juvenile criminal justice in Indonesia is an important aspect of the justice system that focuses on protecting the rights of children in conflict with the law. One of the efforts regulated in Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (SPPA) is diversity, which aims to prevent children from the judicial process that can harm their future. This study aims to analyze the protection of children's rights in the criminal justice process, as well as the implementation of diversity in the juvenile criminal justice system in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, through literature studies and interviews with various related parties, such as judges, prosecutors, and community counselors. The results of the study indicate that although there are efforts to protect children's rights in criminal justice, the implementation of diversity still faces a number of challenges, including a lack of understanding among law enforcement officers, limited facilities, and a mismatch between policies and practices in the field. This study suggests the need to increase the capacity of law enforcement officers and other stakeholders in understanding and implementing diversity efforts optimally, as well as the need for policy evaluation to improve the effectiveness of child protection in criminal justice.

Every worker as an Indonesian citizen has the desire to get a decent and prosperous life and get a decent job. A prosperous life can be achieved through the implementation of obligations as workers, the mandate is contained in Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which states: "Every citizen has the right to work and a decent livelihood for humanity." And in Article 28D paragraph (2): "Everyone has the right to work and receive fair and proper remuneration and treatment in employment relations." The legal issue of this normative legal research: How are labor rights regulated? What is the wage policy for workers? The regulation of labor rights in the Job Creation Law, which is regulated in Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation into Law, includes several important aspects that aim to provide certainty and protection for workers. The Job Creation Law stipulates certainty regarding rights and obligations for workers and companies, including arrangements regarding wages, working hours, and leave. The arrangement is expected to build a harmonious working relationship and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Wage policies, especially regulated in the Labor Law, have the purpose of protecting workers' rights and ensuring welfare. That regarding wage policies for workers in the form of minimum wages, wage components, protection of workers' rights and labor welfare.

In the 2023 New Student Admission (PPDB), there was a surge in the number of students at SMAN 2 Tanjungpinang and a decrease in the number of students at SMAN 3 Tanjungpinang. In this case, the Education Office is responsible for the equitable distribution of students among schools in Tanjungpinang City. This research aims to understand and describe the Implementation of the New Student Admission Policy in Tanjungpinang in 2023. Using the Van Meter and Van Horn theory. The results of this study (1) The implementation of the policy can be considered successful because all prospective students were able to attend school and none were neglected as per its objectives, but there were discrepancies due to the lack of regulations and strict supervision related to the post-implementation of the PPDB. (2) Adequate resources. (3) It has been well communicated to the public through various socialization efforts such as coordination meetings, print media publications, social media, and official websites. (4) Characteristics require supervision and the development of competencies related to character education within the organization. (5) Regarding the online zonation pathway for new student admissions (PPDB), there are various issues such as prospective students not re-registering after the PPDB at SMAN 3 Tanjungpinang, insufficient supervision post-PPDB implementation, the absence of regulations governing post-PPDB implementation, the addition of offline registration at SMAN 2 Tanjungpinang leading to overload, and even mergers.

The existence of the grouping of traditional fishermen in Dabo Lama and also the Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 36 of 2023 concerning the Placement of Fishing Gear and Fishing Aids in the Measured Fishing Zone and Traditional Fisherman's Fisheries Management Area, has made the local government enforce this regulation in the area. The purpose of this study is to find out the implementation of the Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 36 of 2023 concerning the Placement of Fishing Gear and Fishing Aids in the Measured Fishing Zone and the Traditional Fisheries Management Area, Dabo Lama Village. The research approach used is a qualitative approach. The results of the study show that the ideal policy dimension in the Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 36 of 2023 concerning the Placement of Fishing Gear and Fishing Aids in the Measured Fishing Zone shows quite effective results in the context of implementation in Dabo Lama Village. The policy is considered relevant to the needs of traditional fishermen and is able to create a more harmonious pattern of interaction between fellow fishermen, as well as between fishermen and the implementing body. Then the target group dimension shows the result that the policy is highly dependent on the equitable delivery of information, the involvement of the target group in decision-making, and the support of adequate means to support traditional fishers in carrying out the stipulated provisions Then the implementation body dimension shows the result that there are limited resources from the implementing body, such as the number of supervisory officers and facilities inadequate supporters. This condition has an impact on the less optimal assistance provided to fishermen in understanding and implementing policies in accordance with the rules that have been set. Then from the dimension of environmental factors, the results show that there are local initiatives from the government and the community to improve environmental conditions, such as mangrove replanting programs and communitybased waste management.

Poverty and economic inequality pose substantial issues for numerous emerging nations, with an estimated 712 million individuals globally residing in extreme poverty as of 2022. This article analyzes the impact of public policy on these concerns, with case studies from Indonesia, Brazil, and India. This research employs literature review methodologies to analyze several implemented policies, including conditional cash assistance, enhanced access to education, health services, infrastructure development, and economic empowerment initiatives. Conditional cash transfer programs, exemplified by Indonesia's Family Hope Program and Brazil's Bolsa Familia, have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing access to fundamental services for impoverished populations. Conversely, implementation obstacles, including limited institutional capacity and inadequate oversight, frequently obstruct policy achievement in underdeveloped nations. This study concludes that effective public policy necessitates a multifaceted strategy involving resource redistribution, the creation of economic possibilities, and enhanced access to education and healthcare. This research aims to offer insights for other developing nations by examining the policies enacted in these three countries, so facilitating the creation of more inclusive and sustainable public policy interventions. These findings underscore the significance of the government's involvement in empowering impoverished communities through systematic and sustainable measures to foster equitable development and mitigate inequality.

The application of appropriate technology (TTG) is an innovative approach in realizing independent and sustainable regional development. This technology is designed to meet community needs by considering local social, economic, cultural and environmental conditions. This research aims to explore the basic concepts, roles and factors for the success of implementing TTG in the context of sustainable development. Appropriate technology has an important role in increasing productivity, creating jobs and strengthening regional independence. The success of its implementation is influenced by community participation, government policy support, availability of resources, and technological innovation. TTG contributes to achieving sustainable development goals, such as reducing poverty, providing renewable energy, and inclusive infrastructure development. However, the main obstacles to its implementation include limited skilled human resources, limited funding, and inadequate infrastructure. Therefore, synergy between stakeholders is needed to ensure effective and sustainable implementation of TTG. This research suggests increasing training, using local resources, and supporting policies that support TTG development at the regional level.

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has drastically changed the global employment landscape, necessitating the comprehensive development of 21st-century skills in education systems. This study examines how private high schools in Indonesia implement 21st-century skills, focusing on the barriers faced, the strategies used, and their impact on student learning outcomes. We used a mixed-methods approach involving 200 students, 25 teachers, and 10 principals from five private high schools in Java. Data were collected through surveys, semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results revealed four main barriers: limited teacher preparedness, limited resources, difficulties in assessment, and resistance to changes in teaching methods. Effective strategies implemented included ongoing professional development programs, integrating learning technology, project-based learning, and strengthening teacher collaboration. Our findings demonstrate significant improvements in students' critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication skills in schools implementing the comprehensive strategy. This research provides theoretical contributions to understanding the implementation context in developing countries while offering practical implications for policy makers, school administrators, and educators in designing contextual and sustainable 21st-century skills development programs.

The management of regional finances aims to realize good governance that includes efficiency and transparency in meeting public needs. Efficiency and transparency in the decentralization of financial management policy by the Financial and Asset Management Agency (BKAD) of Kupang City are key factors in ensuring proper regional financial management. This study uses an empirical research method. After data collection, the researcher categorized the data based on the sources and analyzed them. The results of this study indicate that Efficiency has not been fully achieved due to mismatches in budget allocation. Meanwhile, transparency remains suboptimal because the existing system often experiences disruptions, limiting open access to information. The most dominant inhibiting factor affecting implementation effectiveness is human resources (HR). In addition, dependency on central government funding hampers flexibility and independence in regional financial management. The study suggests that BKAD should conduct technical competency training and development for staff, the Kupang City Government should increase local revenue (PAD), and the public should actively participate in budget public consultations.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of public policy implementation in realizing responsive public services with a literature review approach. The focus of the study is directed at conceptual understanding of the dimensions of policy effectiveness, the characteristics of responsive public services, the relationship between policy and service quality, and implementation challenges in the field. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method based on literature studies from various theoretical and empirical sources. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of implementation is highly correlated with the quality of public services, where factors such as resources, inter-agency coordination, and community involvement are the main keys to success. Bureaucratic reform strategies, capacity building of apparatus, and open and adaptive governance are needed to realize public services that truly answer the needs of the community.

School social workers have a strategic role in supporting the welfare of students in Indonesia, especially in dealing with various social, emotional, and psychological issues that can affect academic performance. As a liaison between students, families, schools, and the community, school social workers play a role in providing interventions that aim to create an inclusive, safe, and supportive learning environment. However, the implementation of this role still faces various challenges, such as the limited number of professionals, the lack of support for facilities in schools, and social stigma against the social worker profession. This condition hinders the optimization of student welfare services as a whole. This article aims to explore the role of school social workers in the context of Indonesian education, identify the challenges faced, and examine opportunities for role strengthening through holistic intervention approaches and policy support. The results of the study show that increasing the effectiveness of school social workers can be achieved through the integration of student welfare programs into the curriculum, ongoing training for social workers, and synergy between the government, schools, and local communities. Strong policy support and adequate resource allocation are decisive factors in strengthening the function of school social workers. With the right approach, school social workers have the potential to be agents of change in creating an education system that is more responsive to students' social and emotional needs, as well as encouraging the creation of a healthy and sustainable learning climate.

Bureaucratic reform is a government effort to improve the performance of state apparatus to provide optimal service to the community. This study aims to analyze the implementation of bureaucratic reform policies on the performance of Civil Servants (PNS) at the Pare-Pare City Transportation Agency. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of bureaucratic reform at the Pare-Pare City Transportation Agency has gone quite well, but there are still several obstacles such as limited human resources and supporting facilities and infrastructure. The bureaucratic reform policy has proven to have a positive effect on improving the performance of PNS in terms of productivity, service quality, responsiveness, responsibility, and accountability. Strong commitment from leaders and all employees is needed as well as adequate budget support to optimize the implementation of bureaucratic reform in the future.

Agrotechnology plays a crucial role in increasing agricultural productivity through the implementation of modern innovations and technologies. Challenges such as land degradation, climate change, and limited natural resources can be addressed through precision technology, smart irrigation, biotechnology, and agricultural mechanization. This study employs a literature review method by analyzing various studies from 2019 to 2024 that discuss the impact of agrotechnology on agricultural yields. The findings indicate that the application of precision irrigation systems can enhance water use efficiency by up to 40%, while the use of genetically engineered superior crop varieties can increase yields and improve plant resistance to pests and diseases. Additionally, the utilization of digital technology, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), enables more efficient and data-driven land management. However, major challenges in implementing these technologies include limited farmer access, high investment costs, and low digital literacy among farmers. Therefore, policy support, financial incentives, and farmer training are necessary to ensure the widespread and sustainable adoption of technology. Thus, agrotechnology can serve as a primary solution for increasing agricultural productivity while maintaining environmental sustainability.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has led to widespread mass surveillance, raising concerns about the protection of individual privacy. International human rights law plays a crucial role in balancing national security interests with the right to digital privacy. This study examines the impact of international human rights frameworks, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), in safeguarding digital privacy amid increasing government surveillance. Using a qualitative approach, the research analyzes key legal principles, court rulings, and policy responses from different jurisdictions. The findings indicate that while international legal instruments provide a foundation for digital privacy protection, enforcement remains inconsistent due to varying national implementations and technological challenges. The study underscores the need for stronger legal mechanisms and international cooperation to ensure the effective protection of digital privacy rights in the digital age.

Performance audit is a strategic instrument to strengthen transparency and accountability in the governance of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). However, current practices of BUMDes auditing in Indonesia remain limited, fragmented, and often fail to uphold the principles of good governance. This study aims to identify and synthesize the implementation of performance audits in BUMDes across various regions through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 28 articles published between 2013 and 2024. Sources were obtained from Scopus, DOAJ, Google Scholar, and Garuda, with thematic analysis applied. The study identifies five core issues: weak internal audit mechanisms, limited community participation, low utilization of information technology, cultural resistance, and the role of audits in improving village economic performance. The paper proposes a participatory audit model grounded in local familial values and supported by appropriate digital tools. This hybrid model is contextually suited to promote accountability in rural areas where institutional capacity is limited but social cohesion is strong. Theoretically, this research extends the relevance of stewardship theory and participatory governance to micro-level public sector entities. Policy implications highlight the need for adaptive, community-based audit mechanisms as a foundation for accountable rural development